La durabilité des bétons est grandement affectée par la fissuration due au retrait (endogène et retrait empêché) et elle nécessite donc, une attention particulière. Le retrait empêché du béton engendre des contraintes de traction, responsables de la formation de microfissures voire des fissures traversantes qui permettent la pénétration des agents agressifs et une augmentation de la perméabilité. Pour maximiser la durabilité des bétons, il est essentiel d’éviter la formation des fissures dans les ouvrages en service. L’objectif global de la recherche est de développer une approche de formulation des bétons à retrait compensé pour éviter la formation de fissures. Cette approche de formulation est basée sur l’utilisation combinée d’un agent d’expansion interne et d’un agent réducteur de retrait. Ce projet de recherche a pour but d’étudier l’influence d’un agent d’expansion interne et d’un agent réducteur de retrait sur les variations volumiques libres et restreintes du béton. Trois méthodes (ASTM C878; ASTM C157; Capteurs à cordes vibrantes) sont utilisées avec différents pourcentages en agent d’expansion interne (0%, 3%, 6%, 10%) et 2% d’agent réducteur de retrait (ARR) pour évaluer les variations volumiques du béton. Cette étude est menée en deux phases pour analyser les variations volumiques libres (ASTM C157; Capteurs à cordes vibrantes) et restreintes (ASTM C878) du béton ainsi que l’influence de ces deux adjuvants combinés sur le retrait. La première phase consiste à étudier les variations volumiques libres et restreintes du béton avec l’agent d’expansion interne (Conex) et son influence sur le retrait (retrait total et retrait de séchage). La deuxième phase consiste à étudier l’influence de l’agent réducteur de retrait (ARR) sur les variations volumiques libres et restreintes, sur le retrait de séchage du béton contenant l’agent d’expansion interne (Conex). Un total de 16 formulations de béton de 25 MPa sans air entrainé a été étudié en laboratoire. L’analyse des bétons formulés avec différents pourcentages en agent d’expansion montre que les expansions libres et restreintes augmentent en fonction du dosage en Conex. L’expansion initiale créée (0 - 7 jours) par le Conex produit un retrait total faible par rapport au béton sans Conex et la diminution du retrait total est fonction de l’augmentation du dosage en Conex. L’ajout de l’agent réducteur de retrait (ARR) produit une diminution du retrait de séchage de 40% à 7 jours et de 30% à 224 jours. Le retrait total diminue de 72% à 7 jours et 43% à 224 jours. Les données expérimentales montrent qu’en plus de la diminution du retrait, on peut produire un béton à retrait compensé avec un dosage optimal de 3% Conex + 2% ARR. La formulation d’un béton à faible retrait par l’utilisation du Conex et ARR permet de réduire les risques de fissurations, d’améliorer la qualité du béton et de contrecarrer le retrait empêché. Les investigations menées dans ce mémoire permettent d’enrichir les connaissances sur les différents adjuvants utilisés (Conex et ARR), leurs influences sur le béton, principalement la diminution du retrait de séchage et d’évaluer un pourcentage optimal pour un béton sans retrait, donc plus durable.

Submitted by PPG Letras (letraspg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-12T13:12:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_B?rbara.pdf: 2447958 bytes, checksum: 32e9f2c3ed70725a4f41698bd14e7df1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-16T12:40:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_B?rbara.pdf: 2447958 bytes, checksum: 32e9f2c3ed70725a4f41698bd14e7df1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T12:45:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_B?rbara.pdf: 2447958 bytes, checksum: 32e9f2c3ed70725a4f41698bd14e7df1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This research continues the studies developed in Argumentative Semantics, regarding the organization of the discourse meaning. For this purpose, it is taken as starting point the study by Graeff (2012), in which the author perceives the occurrence of two processes that connect utterances in texts: the process of similarity and contiguity. First process concerns the relationship between utterances that share the same internal argumentation, while the second process relates to the text thematic progression. Given the scarcity of studies focusing on these connections, it is necessary to extend these studies to a larger number of texts of different genres, in order to verify the operation of the described processes and the possibility of generalizing them to any text. In this perspective, based on the theoretical support of Theory of Argumentation within Language (ANL), especially in its version of the Theory of Semantic Blocks (TBS), this study aims to verify how the argumentative motives are organized for the constitution of the discourse meaning, and how the connections established between utterances allow making explicit the discourse global meaning. The corpus is composed of three chronicles published in the newspaper Zero Hora, and the methodology of analysis includes (a) the evocation of basic semantic units, that is, argumentative chains expressed in DC (therefore) or in PT (however); (b) the association to each of the chains evoked of the argumentative aspect of the semantic block they express; (c) the division of the texts into parts that express argumentative motives; (d) the identification of the connection established between the utterances; (e) the global meaning explanation of the discourse. It is verified not only occurrences of connections by contiguity and by similarity between utterances of the same part of the text, but also among different parts. Results suggest the possibility of explaining the thematic progression of the text from the perspective of Argumentative Semantics. / Esta pesquisa d? continuidade aos trabalhos desenvolvidos em Sem?ntica Argumentativa, no que se refere ? organiza??o dos sentidos do discurso. Para tanto, toma-se, como ponto de partida, o estudo realizado por Graeff (2012), no qual a autora percebe a ocorr?ncia de dois processos que conectam enunciados em textos: o processo de similaridade e o processo de contiguidade. O primeiro diz respeito ao parentesco existente entre enunciados que compartilham a mesma argumenta??o interna, enquanto o segundo refere-se ? progress?o tem?tica do texto. Dada a escassez de trabalhos de focalizam essas conex?es, torna-se necess?rio ampliar esses estudos para um n?mero maior de textos de diferentes g?neros, a fim de verificar o funcionamento dos processos descritos e a possibilidade de generaliz?los para qualquer texto. Nessa perspectiva, amparado no suporte te?rico da Teoria da Argumenta??o na L?ngua (ANL), em especial, na sua vers?o da Teoria dos Blocos Sem?nticos (TBS), este estudo busca verificar como os motivos argumentativos se organizam para a constitui??o do sentido do discurso, e de que modo as conex?es estabelecidas entre os enunciados permitem explicitar o sentido global do discurso. O corpus da pesquisa consiste em tr?s cr?nicas publicadas no jornal Zero Hora, e a metodologia de an?lise inclui (a) a evoca??o de unidades sem?nticas b?sicas, isto ?, encadeamentos argumentativos normativos, expressos em DC (portanto), ou transgressivos, expressos em PT (no entanto); (b) a associa??o a cada um dos encadeamentos evocados do aspecto argumentativo do bloco sem?ntico que expressam; (c) a divis?o dos textos em trechos que exprimem motivos argumentativos; (d) a identifica??o do tipo de conex?o estabelecida entre os enunciados; e, por fim, (e) a explicita??o do sentido global do discurso. Verifica-se, nas an?lises, n?o s? ocorr?ncias de conex?es por contiguidade e por similaridade entre enunciados de um mesmo trecho, mas tamb?m entre trechos diferentes. Destaca-se a possibilidade de explicitar, a partir da perspectiva da Sem?ntica Argumentativa, a progress?o tem?tica do texto com vista ao sentido global.

Existing electronic markets are fragmented in the sense that each is an information island. The interoperation of product information between them is difficult especially in semantics communication. This prevents the formation of global electronic markets and the lowering distribution cost through market globalisation. The traditional and contemporary ap-proaches of product standardisation and ontology mediation could solve the problem only if all markets could adopt the same product standards, or mediation systems could mediate all heterogeneous standards and markets without semantic conflicts. However, problems generally exist in adopting a universal standard or mediating all markets through existing mediation systems. A reflection of the issue is that there are millions of ad hoc electronic product catalogues (EPCs) situated in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), where each EPC is a semantic community, often not aware of standards and mediation systems due to its ad hoc nature. This thesis focuses on the semantic integration of autonomous ad hoc EPCs, which are semantically inconsistent with each other. Firstly, a novel Collaborative Concept Exchange (CONEX) approach is developed for the se-mantic integration of ad hoc EPCs. Using this approach, a PRODUCT MAP is first built based on the theories of semiotic analysis and market segmentation. It functions as an analytical framework to articulate ad hoc EPCs, and answers the questions: what are the general char-acteristics of ad hoc EPCs, what are their heterogeneous relations, and how they are unevenly distributed in fragmented electronic markets. Within this framework, an abstract representa-tion of ad hoc EPCs is proposed using the articulated elements that are simple and manipu-lable. Major contributions of this framework include: the models of the abstract representa-tion of ad hoc EPCs on their structures, concepts and contexts; the semantic integration conditions of heterogeneous ad hoc EPCs; and a ConexNet of market network topology that captures the characteristics of ad hoc EPCs that are unevenly distributed in fragmented elec-tronic markets. Secondly, a three-layer CONEX information model is proposed to integrate ad hoc EPCs based on the PRODUCT MAP, which provides a trichotomy of systems, designers and users. The strategy behind the model is the separation of structure from concept and context, and hence they can be independently managed to resolve semantic conflicts between ad hoc EPCs. The major contributions of this model include the CONEX framework, collaboration mechanism and context transformation. The CONEX framework presents a formal characteri-sation and reconstruction of the structures of ad hoc EPCs based on a CONEX structure model and a CONEX grammar. It provides a formal specification for representing ad hoc EPCs including concept structure, classifier structure and mapping structure. The semantic conflicts in designing the concepts of ad hoc EPCs are resolved by a collaboration mecha-nism based on a semantic consistency model. The collaboration mechanism includes three key procedures: replicating unique concept identifiers and translating concept definitions be-tween common concepts of common EPCs; localising common concepts to local EPCs; and globalising local concepts to common EPCs. Users in the CONEX information model are not involved in any integration activities. They are provided with automatic and accurate concept exchange services through a mechanism of context transformation, which is designed based on an algorithm called Heterogeneous Concept Transformation. The separate integration of structures, concepts and contexts of ad hoc EPCs guarantees that the requirements of flexi-bility, evolvability and exactness of semantic integration have been met. Thirdly, the feasibility and features of the Collaborative Concept Exchange approach have been demonstrated in a prototype implementation that provides the services of collaborative concept design for semantic conflict resolution, and heterogeneous concept transformation for accurate and automatic concept exchange between ad hoc EPCs. A key contribution in the implementation level is the independent representation of the CONEX framework called XML PRODUCT MAP (XPM). XPM provides a feature of platform independence by con-forming to the standards of W3C XML, Simple Object Access Protocol and Web Services Description Language in both document specification and document transport. It is also a demonstration that the generic CONEX structure model and CONEX grammar can be imple-mented in any specific language such as XML for the particular scenarios of semantic integra-tion. With the aid of a collection of XPM document templates, two components called Con-cept Collaborator and Concept Transformer of the CONEX prototype are implemented to demonstrate how concepts are collaboratively designed to resolve semantic conflicts and how concepts are automatically and accurately exchanged between autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed ad hoc EPCs.

La congestion dans les réseaux est un phénomène qui peut influer sur la qualité de service ressentie par les utilisateurs. L’augmentation continue du trafic sur l’internet rend le phénomène de congestion un problème auquel l’opérateur doit répondre pour satisfaire ses clients. Les solutions historiques à la congestion pour un opérateur, comme le surdimensionnement des liens de son infrastructure, ne sont plus aujourd’hui viables. Avec l’évolution de l’architecture des réseaux et l’arrivée de nouvelles applications sur l’internet, de nouveaux paradigmes de contrôle de congestion sont à envisager pour répondre aux attentes des utilisateurs du réseau de l’opérateur. Dans cette thèse, nous examinons les nouvelles approches proposées pour le contrôle de congestion dans le réseau d’un opérateur. Nous proposons une évaluation de ces approches à travers des simulations, ce qui nous permet d’estimer leur efficacité et leur potentiel à être déployés et opérationnels dans le contexte d’internet, ainsi que de se rendre compte des défis qu’il faut relever pour atteindre cet objectif. Nous proposons également des solutions de contrôle de congestion dans des environnements nouveaux tels que les architectures Software Defined Networking et le cloud déployé sur un ou plusieurs data centers, où la congestion est à surveiller pour maintenir la qualité des services cloud offerts aux clients. Pour appuyer nos propositions d’architectures de contrôle de congestion, nous présentons des plateformes expérimentales qui démontrent le fonctionnement et le potentiel de nos solutions. / Network congestion is a phenomenon that can influence the quality of service experienced by the users. The continuous increase of internet traffic makes this phenomenon an issue that should be addressed by the network operator to satisfy its clients. The usual solutions to congestion, such as overdimensioning the infrastructure, are not viable anymore. With the evolution of the network architecture and the emergence of new internet applications, new paradigms for congestion control have to be considered as a response to the expectations of network users. In this thesis, we examine new approaches to congestion control in an operator’s network. We propose an evaluation of these approaches through simulations, which allows us to estimate their potential to be deployed and used over the internet, and allows us to be aware of the challenges in order to achieve this goal. We also provide solutions for congestion control in new environments such as Software- Defined Networking architectures and cloud computing deployed over many data centers, where congestion is to be monitored to maintain the quality of cloud services to its users. To support our proposals for congestion control architectures, we present experimental platforms that demonstrate the feasibility of our solutions.

Performing measurements of samples that contain chemical substances is a time consuming task if the measurement instruments are small and require high precision. A single measurement session can often contain a large amount of samples, which is why it is crucial to automate this process. The solution, which is discussed in this report, is a Graphical User Interface that allows a user to control three linear motors that can move in the X-, Y-, and Z-axis. Movement of the motors results in the movement of the sampling platform, which allows a measurement instrument to be inserted and ejected from each sample with a much higher precision than a human is capable of. Automating the process does not only result in a more accurate and precise measurement process, but also a more efficient process, since the sample size can be decreased. By decreasing the sample size, it is also possible to increase the number of samples to perform measurements on. The results shows an increase in accuracy and a reduction of the required supervision over the sampling process. Moreover, our solution also reduces power consumption since the equipment used in the analyses requires less uptime. / Att utföra mätningar av prover som innehåller kemiska ämnen är en tidskrävande uppgift om mätinstrumenten är små och kräver hög precision. En enda mätsession kan ofta innehålla en stor mängd prover, därför är det väsentligt att automatisera denna process. Lösningen, som diskuteras i denna rapport, är ett grafiskt användargränssnitt som låter en användare styra tre linjära motorer som kan röra sig i X-, Y- och Z-led. Rörelse av motorerna resulterar i att provtagningsplattformen rör sig, vilket gör att ett mätinstrument kan matas in och ut från varje prov med en mycket högre precision än vad en människa är kapabel till. Att automatisera processen resulterar inte bara i en mer exakt mätprocess, utan också i en mer effektiv process, eftersom provers storlek kan minskas. Genom att minska provstorleken är det också möjligt att öka antalet prover att utföra mätningar på. Resultaten visade en betydelsefull ökning av noggrannhet och en minskning av nödvändig övervakning av systemet. Vår lösning innebär också en minskning av strömförbrukningen eftersom den utrustning som används i analyserna kräver kortare drifttid.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KaioAAD_DISSERT.pdf: 2396419 bytes, checksum: 9761258d74c5a831492561ccf81ab7b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Education is one of the oldest activities practiced by man, but today it is still performed often without creating dialogues and discussions among all those involved, and students are passives agents without interactivity with teachers and the content approached. This work presents a tool used for providing interactivity in educational environments using cell phones, in this way, teachers can use technology to assist in process of education and have a better evaluation of students. The tool developed architecture is shown, exposing features of wireless communication technologies used and how is the connection management using Bluetooth technology, which has a limited number of simultaneous connections. The details of multiple Bluetooth connections and how the system should behave by numerous users are displayed, showing a comparison between different methods of managing connections. Finally, the results obtained with the use of the tool are presented, followed by the analysis of them and a conclusion on the work / O ensino ? uma das atividades mais antigas exercidas pelo homem, por?m hoje ela ainda ? realizada muitas vezes sem a cria??o de di?logos e debates entre todos os envolvidos, sendo os alunos muitas vezes agentes passivos, n?o havendo interatividade com os professores e o conte?do abordado. Este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta utilizada para prover interatividade em ambientes educacionais por meio de celulares, desta forma professores podem fazer uso da tecnologia para auxiliar no ensino e ter uma melhor avalia??o dos alunos. A arquitetura da ferramenta desenvolvida ? mostrada, trazendo caracter?sticas de tecnologias de comunica??o sem fio utilizadas e como ? feito o gerenciamento de conex?es atrav?s de Bluetooth, que possui um n?mero limitado de conex?es simult?neas. Os detalhes das m?ltiplas conex?es Bluetooth e como o sistema deve se comportar mediante in?meros usu?rios s?o exibidos, mostrando um comparativo entre diferentes m?todos de gerenciamento das conex?es. Por ?ltimo, s?o mostrados os resultados obtidos com o uso da ferramenta, seguido pela an?lise dos mesmos e uma conclus?o sobre o trabalho desenvolvido

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GustavoHVPP.pdf: 1012393 bytes, checksum: d85648d797f788ab43d046f3e32bca54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-03 / The new oil reservoirs discoveries in onshore and ultra deep water offshore fields and complex trajectories require the optimization of procedures to reduce the stops operation during the well drilling, especially because the platforms and equipment high cost, and risks which are inherent to the operation. Among the most important aspects stands out the drilling fluids project and their behavior against different situations that may occur during the process. By means of sedimentation experiments, a correlation has been validated to determe the sedimentation particles velocity in variable viscosity fluids over time, applying the correction due to effective viscosity that is a shear rate and time function. The viscosity evolution over time was obtained by carrying out rheologic tests using a fixed shear rate, small enough to not interfere in the fluid gelling process. With the sedimentation particles velocity and the fluid viscosity over time equations an iterative procedure was proposed to determine the particles displacement over time. These equations were implemented in a case study to simulate the cuttings sedimentation generated in the oil well drilling during stops operation, especially in the connections and tripping, allowing the drilling fluid project in order to maintain the cuttings in suspension, avoiding risks, such as stuck pipe and in more drastic conditions, the loss of the well / As novas descobertas de reservat?rios de petr?leo em campos onshore e offshore em l?minas d ?guas ultra-profundas e de trajet?rias complexas demandam a otimiza??o dos processos de perfura??o para reduzir as opera??es de paradas durante a perfura??o de um po?o, especialmente devido ao elevado custo das plataformas, equipamentos e dos riscos que s?o inerentes ? opera??o. Dentre os aspectos mais importantes destaca-se o projeto de fluidos de perfura??o e o estudo de seu comportamento frente a diferentes situa??es que podem ocorrer durante o processo. Atrav?s de experimentos de sedimenta??o, foi validada uma correla??o para determina??o da velocidade de sedimenta??o de part?culas em fluidos de viscosidade vari?vel com o tempo, aplicando-se as devidas corre??es para viscosidade efetiva que ? fun??o da taxa de deforma??o e do tempo. A evolu??o da viscosidade com o tempo foi obtida atrav?s de ensaios reol?gicos utilizando uma taxa de deforma??o fixa, pequena o suficiente para n?o interferir no processo de gelifica??o do fluido. Com as equa??es de velocidade de sedimenta??o de part?culas e da viscosidade do fluido com o tempo foi proposto um procedimento iterativo capaz de determinar o deslocamento das part?culas com o tempo. Essas equa??es constitutivas foram aplicadas no estudo de caso para simula??o da sedimenta??o dos cascalhos gerados na perfura??o de um po?o de petr?leo durante paradas operacionais, especialmente as conex?es e manobras, possibilitando o projeto do fluido de perfura??o de maneira a manter os cascalhos em suspens?o, evitando riscos, como por exemplo, a pris?o da coluna de perfura??o e em condi??es mais dr?sticas, a perda do po?o

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-12T18:12:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaGarciaVidalRodrigues_DISSERT.pdf: 2909534 bytes, checksum: 89c038cae48c52847f4a038ea1f24697 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-15T21:15:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaGarciaVidalRodrigues_DISSERT.pdf: 2909534 bytes, checksum: 89c038cae48c52847f4a038ea1f24697 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T21:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaGarciaVidalRodrigues_DISSERT.pdf: 2909534 bytes, checksum: 89c038cae48c52847f4a038ea1f24697 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A Mata Atl?ntica brasileira, atualmente com apenas cerca de 11,73% da sua vegeta??o original, ? um dos hotspots mundiais de biodiversidade, abrigando animais e plantas amea?ados de extin??o, grande riqueza e endemismo de esp?cies. A situa??o de fragmenta??o em que se encontra ? ainda mais cr?tica em sua por??o setentrional. ?reas Protegidas, em especial Unidades de Conserva??o (UCs), s?o as principais formas de conserva??o da biodiversidade, por meio de esfor?os nacionais e internacionais. Al?m da cria??o de UCs, ? imprescind?vel a efetividade dessas ?reas e, em caso de extensa fragmenta??o, a cria??o de corredores ecol?gicos interligando ?reas protegidas para possibilitar o fluxo g?nico entre esp?cies, ? relevante. A maior parte das UCs criadas no Brasil n?o ? efetiva, e a dificuldade em gerenciar UCs constitui um entrave s?rio ? Conserva??o. Nesse cen?rio e na perspectiva de colaborar para o alcance das metas 11 e 12 de Aichi, bem como dar suporte a um dos objetivos do Plano de A??o Nacional (PAN) para a Conserva??o da Herpetofauna Amea?ada da Mata Atl?ntica nordestina, este estudo teve como objetivos, analisar estrat?gias de implementa??o de instrumentos e pol?ticas p?blicas vi?veis ? cria??o de corredores ecol?gicos em ?rea protegida de Mata Atl?ntica setentrional; analisar o cumprimento dos requisitos legais em prol da cria??o e implementa??o de Unidade de Conserva??o em Mata Atl?ntica nordestina; avaliar os entraves ? efetiva??o de UC, utilizando o Parque Estadual Mata da Pipa (PEMP) como estudo de caso por constituir-se em um dos maiores remanescentes de Mata Atl?ntica do RN, cujo Plano de Manejo prev? ?rea com corredor ecol?gico e que, apesar de criado h? mais de 10 anos, ainda n?o foi implementado. Trata-se de estudo de natureza qualitativa, cuja abordagem de dados foi dividida em duas etapas complementares. Em um primeiro momento realizou-se an?lise documental conceitual e de observa??o do PEMP como situa??o emblema. Para a interpreta??o dos dados foi utilizada a t?cnica da an?lise argumentativa. Na categoriza??o dos dados utilizou-se de argumentos constru?dos a partir de fundamentos socioambientais, desenvolvimento sustent?vel e princ?pios jur?dico-ambientais. Para a an?lise das estrat?gias ? implementa??o de corredores, foi utilizada a ideia de proposi??o, sendo as leis empregadas como dados e os princ?pios jur?dico-ambientais como garantia. Tamb?m como garantia foi adotada a exemplifica??o dos corredores previstos para o PEMP. Em um segundo momento, estudou-se o caso emblema, atrav?s da an?lise documental, realiza??o de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais, grupo focal e observa??o participante durante reuni?es do Conselho Gestor nos anos 2016 e 2017.1. Constatou-se que a promo??o do desenvolvimento sustent?vel como modo de conservar a Mata Atl?ntica ? a ess?ncia da lei que rege o bioma ? ?nica com regime jur?dico espec?fico. ? fundamental a institui??o de pol?ticas p?blicas que proporcionem efetividade aos comandos legais de modo a impedir a sucess?o do panorama de degrada??o deste bioma, e possibilitar o aumento do percentual existente interconectando seus remanescentes. Quanto aos fundos de recursos, seus gestores devem atentar para a Mata Atl?ntica setentrional, diminuindo as assimetrias regionais em investimentos; os ?rg?os ambientais devem elaborar projetos para beneficiamento. Constatou-se que o ?rg?o ambiental cumpriu os requisitos para a institui??o do PEMP, mas a celeridade comprometeu o resultado; o cumprimento das obriga??es legais com garantia de sua efic?cia, reduz os poss?veis entraves ? implanta??o desta UC; a ocorr?ncia de avan?os na implanta??o da UC por for?a de decis?o judicial e por compromisso ?tico do Conselho Gestor e da Gestora da UC. A implanta??o de UC criada ? um dever legal fundamentado no art. 2? da Lei n? 6938/81 no art. 225 da Constitui??o Federal - CF, no art. 4? da Lei n? 9985/2000 e no princ?pio da preven??o (implicitamente consagrado no art. 225, caput da CF). Constatou-se ainda que o maior problema para a falta de efici?ncia ? estrutural, organizacional da Administra??o P?blica e do Judici?rio, e a falta de prioriza??o na vontade pol?tica. Os obst?culos encontrados s?o comuns ?s UCs estaduais do RN. ? imprescind?vel, urgente e fundamental que a quest?o ambiental seja vista e tratada como um investimento e n?o como gasto adicional. Atitudes antropoc?ntrica e excludente apresentam um s?rio risco ? sobreviv?ncia da pr?pria humanidade. / The Brazilian Atlantic Forest, currently only about 11.73% of its original vegetation, is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, housing endangered animals and plants, great wealth and species endemism.The situation of fragmentation in which it finds itself is even more critical in its northern portion. Protected Areas, in particular Conservation Units (UCs), are the main forms of biodiversity conservation, through national and international efforts. In addition to the creation of PAs, the effectiveness of these areas is essential and, in case of extensive fragmentation, the creation of ecological corridors interconnecting protected areas to enable gene flow between species is relevant. Most UCs created in Brazil are not effective, and the difficulty in managing UCs constitutes a serious impediment to Conservation. In this scenario and in order to collaborate in the achievement of goals 11 and 12 of Aichi, as well as support one of the objectives of the National Plan of Action (NAP) for the Conservation of the Northeastern Atlantic Forest Herpetofauna, this study had as objectives , To analyze strategies for the implementation of viable public policies and instruments for the creation of ecological corridors in a protected area of the Northern Atlantic Forest; Analyze the fulfillment of legal requirements in favor of the creation and implementation of Conservation Unit in Atlantic Forest Northeastern; (PEMP) as a case study because it is one of the largest remnants of the Atlantic Forest in the RN, whose Management Plan provides for an ecological corridor area and, despite Created more than 10 years ago, has not yet been implemented. This is a qualitative study, whose data approach was divided into two complementary stages. At first, conceptual documentary analysis and observation of the PEMP was carried out as emblematic situation. For the interpretation of the data the argumentative analysis technique was used. In the categorization of the data we used arguments based on socio-environmental foundations, sustainable development and legal and environmental principles. For the analysis of the strategies to the corridor implementation, the idea of proposition was used, the laws being used as data and the juridical-environmental principles as guarantee. Also as a guarantee was adopted the exemplification of corridors planned for the PEMP. In a second moment, the emblem case was studied through documentary analysis, individual semi-structured interviews, focus group and participant observation during meetings of the Management Council in the years 2016 and 2017.1. It was found that the promotion of sustainable development as a way to conserve the Atlantic Forest is the essence of the law governing the biome - unique with a specific legal regime. It is fundamental to institute public policies that provide effectiveness to legal controls in order to prevent the succession of the degradation scenario of this biome, and to enable the increase of the existing percentage interconnecting its remnants. As for resource funds, their managers should pay attention to the Northern Atlantic Forest, reducing regional asymmetries in investments; The environmental agencies must elaborate projects for beneficiation. It was verified that the environmental agency fulfilled the requirements for the establishment of the PEMP, but the celerity compromised the result; The fulfillment of legal obligations with guarantee of its effectiveness, reduces the possible obstacles to the implementation of this CU; The occurrence of advances in the implementation of the UC due to judicial decision and ethical commitment of the Management Council and the Manager of the UC. The creation of created UC is a legal duty based on art. 2 of Law 6938/81 in art. 225 of the Federal Constitution - CF, in art. 4 of Law 9985/2000 and in the principle of prevention (implicitly enshrined in article 225, caput of the CF). It was also verified that the biggest problem for the lack of efficiency is structural, organizational of the Public Administration and the Judiciary, and the lack of prioritization in the political will. Obstacles encountered are common to the state NRCs. It is essential, urgent and fundamental that the environmental issue is seen and treated as an investment and not as an additional expense. Anthropocentric and exclusionary attitudes present a serious risk to the survival of humanity itself.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denise-1.pdf: 1509444 bytes, checksum: 3e86bc35dbdefe4a19ca4762a59e8a0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-10 / Research on the importance of incorporating natural resources into city planning as a management strategy. All in all it aims to approach the theme of city planning as an interface with the landscape and the environment. Initially, it seeks to identify the conceptual and institutional set of references which favor this approach as well as the implications of their applicability to the urban environment. Next, it aims to verify the environmental approach in the recent planning process of two nuclear-oriented Brazilian metropolises Londrina and S?o Paulo focusing on the actions and interventions intended for the valleys. It identifies the challenges and opportunities for their restoration and requalification by integrating them into the other urban public policies; hence, the necessity of adopting new, value adding urban paradigms on the remaining natural and urban spaces was made evident. / Esta pesquisa trata da import?ncia da incorpora??o dos recursos naturais como estrat?gia de gest?o no planejamento das cidades. Objetiva, de uma forma geral, abordar a tem?tica do planejamento urbano na sua interface com a paisagem e o ambiente. Inicialmente, busca identificar o referencial conceitual e institucional que vem propiciando esta abordagem e as implica??es da sua aplicabilidade ao ambiente urbano. Num segundo momento, pretende verificar a abordagem ambiental no processo de planejamento urbano recente de duas cidades nucleadoras de metr?poles brasileiras Londrina e S?o Paulo com foco nas a??es e interven??es propostas para os vales. Identifica os desafios e oportunidades para a sua recupera??o e requalifica??o, de forma integrada ?s demais pol?ticas p?blicas urbanas, e evidencia a necessidade de ado??o de novos paradigmas urban?sticos voltados ? valoriza??o dos espa?os remanescentes do meio natural no meio urbano.

Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-08-16T18:29:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliano Silva Mar?al.pdf: 14418180 bytes, checksum: e94d4d5adc61aeda0c174d60cabfa216 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T18:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliano Silva Mar?al.pdf: 14418180 bytes, checksum: e94d4d5adc61aeda0c174d60cabfa216 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas / In the current technological environment from the point of view of optical transmission, multiplexing technologies for wavelength division (Wavelength Oivision Multiplexing - WOM) working with fixed 50 GHz grid will not support the existing demand for the next 10 years. This scarcity occurs due to several reasons: channels with fixed width of 50 GHz, limitation of 80 optical channels per link, maximum transmission capacity of 100 Gb / s per channel. In search of viable forward solutions to this paradigm that presents technology proposal comes known as Optical Networks Elastic (Elastic Optical Network - EON), a technology that enables optical channels with bandwidths of 3,125, 6,250, 12,500, 25 and 50 GHz transmission capability of rates supported by the WOM yet rates of 200 Gb / s, 400 Gb / s and 1 Tb / s, and can be implemented on the same optical infrastructure WOM already existing thus corresponding to a highly cost less if compared to deployment of new networks. The efficiency of this proposed new technology is mainly in routing algorithms and spectral assignment (Routing and Spectrum Assignment - RSA) aimed at maximizing network availability of resources by reducing the likelihood of blocking. The use of RSAs on the EONS networks fragmentation results in the generation of reducing the availability of network resources. Within this scenario, the present work-studies the feasibility of defragmentation use based on the relocation of the link to submit further fragmentation indexo This paper studies the adoption of two indices: consecutiveness index and more FSUs index busy, both indexes allow the selection of the link to be defragmented. The results of this study were obtained from the development of version 5 of the simulator Elastic Optical Network Simulator (EONSim). To obtain the results, different transmission rates were evenly distributed for each traffic load between 45 and 100 Erlang (E), the First-Fit RSA (FF) was adopted for ali the simulations to reduce the defragmentation processing were performed from an R number of released connections (R = 10, R = 50 and R = 100). For the scenario using the consecutiveness index gain of up to 44 was measured to 55 E and average gain of 15 compared to results without defragmentation scenario for the use of higher index number of occupied FSUs, gain was observed 26 to 55 E and average gain of 10. From the results it can be concluded that the adoption of defragmentation strategies for eons networks are likely to be used since they have decreased blocking probability and increase the availability of network resources. / Na atual conjuntura tecnol?gica do ponto de vista de transmiss?es ?pticas, as tecnologias de multiplexa??o por divis?o de comprimento de onda (Wavelength Oivision Multiplexing - WOM) que trabalham com grade fixa de 50 GHz n?o ir?o comportar a demanda existente para os pr?ximos 10 anos. Esta escassez ocorre por v?rios motivos: canais com largura fixa de 50 GHz, limita??o de 80 canais ?pticos por enlace, capacidade m?xima de transmiss?o de 100 Gb/s por canal. Em busca de solu??es vi?veis frente a este paradigma que se apresenta, surge a proposta da tecnologia conhecida como Redes ?pticas El?sticas (Elastic Optical Network- EON), uma tecnologia que permite canais ?pticos com larguras de banda de 3.125, 6.250, 12.500, 25 e 50 GHz, capacidade de transmiss?o das taxas suportadas pela tecnologia WDM e ainda taxas de 200 Gb/s, 400 Gb/s e 1 Tb/s, e podem ser implantadas sobre a mesma infraestrutura ?ptica WDM j? existente correspondendo assim a um custo altamente inferior se comparado a implanta??o de novas redes. A efici?ncia desta nova proposta de tecnologia est? principalmente nos algoritmos de roteamento e atribui??o espectral (Routing and Spectrum Assignment - RSA) que visam a maximiza??o dos recursos de disponibilidade da rede atrav?s da diminui??o da probabilidade de bloqueio. O uso do RSA resulta na gera??o de fragmenta??o diminuindo a disponibilidade de recursos da rede. Dentro deste cen?rio, o presente trabalho estuda a viabilidade do uso de desfragmenta??o baseada na realoca??o sobre o enlace que apresentar maior ?ndice de fragmenta??o e analisa a ado??o de dois ?ndices: ?ndice de consecutividade e ?ndice de maior n?mero de FSUs ocupados, para a sele??o do enlace a ser desfragmentado. Os resultados deste estudo foram obtidos a partir do desenvolvimento da vers?o 5 do simulador Elastic Op tica I Network Simulator (EONSim). Para a obten??o dos resultados, diferentes taxas de transmiss?o foram distribu?das uniformemente para cada uma carga de tr?fego entre 45 e 100 erlang (E), o RSA First-Fit (FF) foi adotado para todas as simula??es, para diminuir o processamento as desfragmenta??es foram executadas a partir de um n?mero R de conex?es liberadas (R= 10, R= 50 e R= 100). Para o cen?rio utilizando o ?ndice de consecutividade, foi aferido ganho de at? 44 para 55 E e ganho m?dio de 15 quando comparado aos resultados do cen?rio sem desfragmenta??o, para o uso do ?ndice de maior n?mero de FSUs ocupados, foi observado ganho de 26 para 55 E com ganho m?dio de 10. A partir dos resultados obtidos ? poss?vel concluir que a ado??o de estrat?gias de desfragmenta??o para redes EONs s?o pass?veis de serem utilizadas pois apresentam diminui??o da probabilidade de bloqueio e aumento da disponibilidade dos recursos da rede