Conclusions. The "bridging effect" for HIV transmission is evident. Variables predicting condom use during commercial sex are multidimensional. Integrative programs are hence required. Methadone clinics may offer a platform for offering such services to IDU-FSWs. The performance of the TPB could be enhanced by addition of external variables; its applicability varies according to the wellbeing status of the IDU-FSWs. Future randomized control studies are warranted to design effective evidence-based programs targeting IDU-FSWs. / Introduction. Injecting drug users (IDUs) drive the HIV epidemic in China. Female injecting drug users who are sex workers (IDU-FSWs) is a strategic "bridge population" for HIV transmission from the IDU to non-IDU populations. Background characteristics, health behavioral theories (e.g. the Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB), drug dependence, economic pressure, psychological problems, social support and gender power are potential predictors of condom use during commercial sex among IDU-FSWs. Most of these associations have not been investigated in China or elsewhere, and the TPB has not been applied to HIV-vulnerable populations in China. A knowledge gap exists. / Objectives. This study validated two instruments measuring severity of drug dependence. The prevalence of inconsistent condom use among IDU-FSWs and its associations with the aforementioned variables were investigated. The hypotheses that different blocks of variables would have independent effects on condom use during commercial sex, and the effects of TPB-related variables on condom use would be moderated by some external variables (e.g. severity of drug dependence) were tested. / Results. The Opiate Addiction Severity Inventory-Revised (OASI-R) was fully validated in the Study I. Around 6.8% of IDU-FSWs were HIV positive and respectively 48% and 64% of them practiced needle sharing and unprotected commercial sex (last six months). After adjusting for significant background variables, the five TPB-related variables (AOR=0.43 to 1.92, p<0.001), severity of drug dependence (AOR=1.05, p<0.01), economic pressure (AOR=1.07, p<0.05) and all studied psychosocial variables (e.g. depression, social support and gender power; AOR=0.70 to 1.67, p<0.05) were significantly associated with condom use during commercial sex. / Subjects and methods. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted. In Study I, 178 non-institutionalized drug users were interviewed in Dazhou, Sichuan. In Study II, 281 non-institutionalized IDU-FSWs were interviewed in Dazhou, Sichuan and Hengyang, Hunan, using snowballing method and face-to-face interviews. Statistical methods such as hierarchical and interaction modeling, stratification analysis, ROC method were used in this study. / The final hierarchical model predicting condom use during commercial sex included variables coming from four blocks of independent variables, with ROC area = 94% and sensitivity/specificity = 0.84/0.91. A "Wellbeing Status Index" moderated the associations between some of the TPB-related variables and condom use during commercial sex. / Gu, Jing. / Adviser: Joseph T. F. Lau. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3462. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-246). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos sobre comportamento sexual e aids investigam usualmente aspectos da sexualidade de risco. Nessa pesquisa inauguramos uma investigação da associação entre risco de aids (auto-referida) e os diversos comportamentos afetivo-sexuais dos sujeitos pesquisados no Estudo da Vida Sexual do Brasileiro (EVSB). MÉTODOS: O EVSB foi realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário anônimo e autoresponsivo composto por 87 questões. A aplicação contemplou transeuntes de praças, parques e praias de 18 cidades brasileiras (seleção por conveniência). Foi feita análise das respostas dos sujeitos que referiram aids (n=75), comparadas com as dos que não referiram (n=5.444). RESULTADOS: 1. Em ambos os gêneros, mantiveram associação à aids referida, no modelo de regressão logística, as seguintes variáveis: DST referida (O.R.=19,61, IC95%=10,15 - 37,90, p<0,001), sexo por dinheiro (O.R.=2,71, IC95%=1,29 - 5,69, p=0,008), antecedentes de nove ou mais comportamentos indicativos de impulsividade sexual (O.R.=2,57, IC95%=1,27 - 5,21, p=0,008), antecedentes de vitimização por violência sexual (O.R.=2,50, IC95%=1,08 - 5,77, p=0,031) e favorecimento do ambiente à realização do ato sexual (O.R.=0,50, IC95%=0,29 - 0,86, p=0,014). 2. No gênero masculino, mantiveram associação à aids referida, no modelo de regressão logística, as seguintes variáveis: DST referida (O.R.=18,12, IC95%=7,00 - 46,89, p<0,001), antecedentes de vitimização por violência sexual (O.R.=6,23, IC95%=1,73 - 22,33, p=0,005), sexo com penetração em orifícios não convencionais (O.R.=5,79, IC95%=2,26 - 14,79, p<0,001), maior freqüência sexual (O.R.=2,53, IC95%=1,14 - 5,60, p=0,021) e prática do sexo oral (O.R.= 0,22, IC95%=0,09 - 0,51, p=0,001). 3. História de tratamento para mudança de sexo manteve-se associada em homens com aids referida após ajuste para escolaridade, DST e sexo remunerado (O.R.=5,68, I.C.95%=1,37-23,50; p=0,006). 4. Aids referida, em mulheres, apresentou associação com: dificuldade em manter a excitação até o final da relação sexual (O.R.=2,70, IC95%=1,03 - 6,58, p=0,03), ausência de atividade sexual nos últimos 12 meses (O.R.=3,98, IC95%=1,55 - 10,23, p=0,002), sexo sob efeito de drogas (O.R.=8,62, IC95%=3,20 - 23,20, p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: em homens e mulheres com aids referida salientaram-se comportamentos indicativos de impulsividade sexual, história de violência sexual, sexualidade mais genital do que afetiva, DST e sexo por dinheiro. Só nos homens, destacaram-se dificuldades quanto à identidade sexual e sexo oral (efeito protetor). Só nas mulheres, destacaram-se impacto no funcionamento sexual e sexo sob efeito de drogas / INTRODUCTION: Former studies about sexual behavior and AIDS usually inquire aspects regarding risk behavior. This study is a research opening about the association between the risk of AIDS (self reported) and different sexually affective behaviors among the subjects investigated in the Brazilian Sexual Life Study (BSLS). METHODS: BSLS was performed using an anonymous and self answered 87 questions inquiry. It was conducted with plaza, park and beach pedestrians of 18 Brazilian cities (selected by convenience). The answers of the subjects, who reported AIDS (75), were analyzed and compared to those not reporting AIDS (5444). RESULTS: 1) Both genders maintained the association to AIDS in the logistics regression with the following variables: reported sexually transmitted disease (STD) (Odds Ratio) [O.R.] = 19.61, (Confidence interval) [CI] 95% = 10.15 - 37.90, p < 0.001), sexual abuse background (O.R.= 2.50, CI 95%=1.08 - 5.77, p = 0.031), nine or more behaviors showing sexual impulsivity (O.R.= 2.57, CI 95% = 1.27 - 5.21, p = 0.008), prostitution (O.R.= 2.71, CI 95% = 1.29 - 5.69, p = 0.008), proper environment for sexual intercourse (O.R.= 0.50, CI 95% = 0.29 - 0.86, p = 0.014); 2) The male maintained the AIDS reported association in the logistics regression with the following variables: reported STD (O.R. = 18.12, CI 95% = 7.00 - 46.89, p < 0.001), sexual abuse background (O.R.= 6.23, CI 95% = 1.73 - 22.33, p = 0.005), nonconventional orifice penetration at intercourse (O.R. = 5.79, CI 95% = 2.26 - 14.79, p < 0.001), higher sexual intercourse rate (O.R. = 2.53, CI 95% = 1.14 - 5.60, p = 0.021), oral sex (O.R.= 0.22, CI 95% = 0.09 - 0.51, p = 0.001). 3) background of sexual reassignment treatment associated in reported AIDS controlling for literate level, STD and prostitution (O.R. = 5.68, CI 95% = 1.37 - 23.50, p = 0.006); 4) reported AIDS in women showed association with: difficulty keeping arousal till the end of intercourse (O.R. = 2.70, CI 95% = 1.03 - 6.58, p = 0.03), lack of sexual activity in the past 12 months (O.R. = 3.98, CI 95% = 1.55 - 10.23, p = 0.002), sex under drugs influence (O.R. = 8.62, CI 95% = 3.20 - 23.20, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is pointed out that, in men and women with reported AIDS, behaviors of sexual impulsivity, background of sexual abuse, more genital than affective sexuality, STD and prostitution. Only men showed gender identity disorder and oral sex (protecting effect). Only women showed impact on sexuality and sex under drugs influence

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos sobre comportamento sexual e aids investigam usualmente aspectos da sexualidade de risco. Nessa pesquisa inauguramos uma investigação da associação entre risco de aids (auto-referida) e os diversos comportamentos afetivo-sexuais dos sujeitos pesquisados no Estudo da Vida Sexual do Brasileiro (EVSB). MÉTODOS: O EVSB foi realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário anônimo e autoresponsivo composto por 87 questões. A aplicação contemplou transeuntes de praças, parques e praias de 18 cidades brasileiras (seleção por conveniência). Foi feita análise das respostas dos sujeitos que referiram aids (n=75), comparadas com as dos que não referiram (n=5.444). RESULTADOS: 1. Em ambos os gêneros, mantiveram associação à aids referida, no modelo de regressão logística, as seguintes variáveis: DST referida (O.R.=19,61, IC95%=10,15 - 37,90, p<0,001), sexo por dinheiro (O.R.=2,71, IC95%=1,29 - 5,69, p=0,008), antecedentes de nove ou mais comportamentos indicativos de impulsividade sexual (O.R.=2,57, IC95%=1,27 - 5,21, p=0,008), antecedentes de vitimização por violência sexual (O.R.=2,50, IC95%=1,08 - 5,77, p=0,031) e favorecimento do ambiente à realização do ato sexual (O.R.=0,50, IC95%=0,29 - 0,86, p=0,014). 2. No gênero masculino, mantiveram associação à aids referida, no modelo de regressão logística, as seguintes variáveis: DST referida (O.R.=18,12, IC95%=7,00 - 46,89, p<0,001), antecedentes de vitimização por violência sexual (O.R.=6,23, IC95%=1,73 - 22,33, p=0,005), sexo com penetração em orifícios não convencionais (O.R.=5,79, IC95%=2,26 - 14,79, p<0,001), maior freqüência sexual (O.R.=2,53, IC95%=1,14 - 5,60, p=0,021) e prática do sexo oral (O.R.= 0,22, IC95%=0,09 - 0,51, p=0,001). 3. História de tratamento para mudança de sexo manteve-se associada em homens com aids referida após ajuste para escolaridade, DST e sexo remunerado (O.R.=5,68, I.C.95%=1,37-23,50; p=0,006). 4. Aids referida, em mulheres, apresentou associação com: dificuldade em manter a excitação até o final da relação sexual (O.R.=2,70, IC95%=1,03 - 6,58, p=0,03), ausência de atividade sexual nos últimos 12 meses (O.R.=3,98, IC95%=1,55 - 10,23, p=0,002), sexo sob efeito de drogas (O.R.=8,62, IC95%=3,20 - 23,20, p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: em homens e mulheres com aids referida salientaram-se comportamentos indicativos de impulsividade sexual, história de violência sexual, sexualidade mais genital do que afetiva, DST e sexo por dinheiro. Só nos homens, destacaram-se dificuldades quanto à identidade sexual e sexo oral (efeito protetor). Só nas mulheres, destacaram-se impacto no funcionamento sexual e sexo sob efeito de drogas / INTRODUCTION: Former studies about sexual behavior and AIDS usually inquire aspects regarding risk behavior. This study is a research opening about the association between the risk of AIDS (self reported) and different sexually affective behaviors among the subjects investigated in the Brazilian Sexual Life Study (BSLS). METHODS: BSLS was performed using an anonymous and self answered 87 questions inquiry. It was conducted with plaza, park and beach pedestrians of 18 Brazilian cities (selected by convenience). The answers of the subjects, who reported AIDS (75), were analyzed and compared to those not reporting AIDS (5444). RESULTS: 1) Both genders maintained the association to AIDS in the logistics regression with the following variables: reported sexually transmitted disease (STD) (Odds Ratio) [O.R.] = 19.61, (Confidence interval) [CI] 95% = 10.15 - 37.90, p < 0.001), sexual abuse background (O.R.= 2.50, CI 95%=1.08 - 5.77, p = 0.031), nine or more behaviors showing sexual impulsivity (O.R.= 2.57, CI 95% = 1.27 - 5.21, p = 0.008), prostitution (O.R.= 2.71, CI 95% = 1.29 - 5.69, p = 0.008), proper environment for sexual intercourse (O.R.= 0.50, CI 95% = 0.29 - 0.86, p = 0.014); 2) The male maintained the AIDS reported association in the logistics regression with the following variables: reported STD (O.R. = 18.12, CI 95% = 7.00 - 46.89, p < 0.001), sexual abuse background (O.R.= 6.23, CI 95% = 1.73 - 22.33, p = 0.005), nonconventional orifice penetration at intercourse (O.R. = 5.79, CI 95% = 2.26 - 14.79, p < 0.001), higher sexual intercourse rate (O.R. = 2.53, CI 95% = 1.14 - 5.60, p = 0.021), oral sex (O.R.= 0.22, CI 95% = 0.09 - 0.51, p = 0.001). 3) background of sexual reassignment treatment associated in reported AIDS controlling for literate level, STD and prostitution (O.R. = 5.68, CI 95% = 1.37 - 23.50, p = 0.006); 4) reported AIDS in women showed association with: difficulty keeping arousal till the end of intercourse (O.R. = 2.70, CI 95% = 1.03 - 6.58, p = 0.03), lack of sexual activity in the past 12 months (O.R. = 3.98, CI 95% = 1.55 - 10.23, p = 0.002), sex under drugs influence (O.R. = 8.62, CI 95% = 3.20 - 23.20, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is pointed out that, in men and women with reported AIDS, behaviors of sexual impulsivity, background of sexual abuse, more genital than affective sexuality, STD and prostitution. Only men showed gender identity disorder and oral sex (protecting effect). Only women showed impact on sexuality and sex under drugs influence