This research is located within the framework of descriptive translation studies and corpus-based contrastive discourse analysis. Modern Translation Studies has growingly taken into account the complexities of culture-specific expressions in literary translation. Conference interpreting setting has paradoxically not been touched upon. Through an empirical case study of the interpretation of Chinese culture-specific expressions in ten Chinese Premier’s Press Conferences, this thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of interpreting culture-specific expressions in a conference interpreting setting. Methodologically, this thesis integrates the linguistic approach with the culture-oriented approach, empiricism with interpretivism and quantitative with qualitative research. It began with a detailed transcription of ten unrevised press conference video recordings downloaded from Internet. With such transcription, the specialized corpora constituted by the Chinese culture-specific expressions and their interpretations were built and coded innovatively using the four translation strategies converted from the six kernel theories within the theoretical framework of this thesis. Contrastive discourse analysis of the specialized corpora was carried out against such extra-textual resources as the media coverage of the press conference, the lectures given by the government interpreters and so on. Translation norms that reflect the regularities of how the four translation strategies are used were derived from such large-scale case studies and tested against more cases before being qualitatively analyzed to explain why they exist and how they were manifested in the selection of translation strategies in the specialized corpora. This thesis claims contribution to existing literature in terms of theory and methodology. Theoretically, it proposed six translation norms of the use of four translation strategies for the five categories of the Chinese culture-specific expressions in the Chinese Premier’s Press Conferences with a core argument that the interpreters’ selection of translation strategies is subject more to contexts than to their subjectivity, which empirically confirms for the first time Eco-translatology Theory’s central claim that an interpreter selects translation strategies by adapting to contexts. In addition, as a pioneering study on cultural expressions under conference interpreting context, this research increases the explanatory power of relevant translation theories because it spans literary translation and conference interpreting. Methodologically, translation strategies were converted from relevant translation theories and used as descriptive categories for corpus-based contrastive analysis, which constitutes an originality in contrast to previous research that teem with researcher-named strategies and confuse translation strategies with translation methods. Furthermore, this research improves transcription coding and corpus building tactics, making data analysis not only more systematic but also more accessible to readers who do not know both languages.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma análise da retomada e desenvolvimento do tema clássico da conversação (sermo) por parte de Michel de Montaigne em seu ensaio III VIII, De l´art de conferer. Examina-se, por um lado, como o Ensaísta estabelece, por oposição a duas contrafações, dissimulação e erística, o regime ideal da boa conference. Por outro lado, como, por oposição à inépcia contra-exemplar do tolo (sot), expõe as três qualidades da manière du dire: a ordem, a prudência, a suffisance. Mostra-se, então, que esta reorientação para a maneira, fazendo a crítica do artifício e do pedantismo e seu saber aparente, apoiado apenas na memória , funda-se no cuidado com as concepções e matérias, assimiladas pela experiência. A compreensão da conference, rival e cooperativa, entre amigos que discutem opiniões contraditórias e se corrigem mutuamente, faz dela o modo privilegiado de freqüentação e avaliação dos homens e dos livros, e o meio mais próprio do exercício do julgamento e do pensamento. Pautam-se neste percurso questões fundamentais para o tratamento do ensaio como forma. / This dissertation presents a analysis of the Montaigne\'s own development of the classical theme of \"conversation\" in his essay III VIII, De l\'art de conferer. It is examined, on one hand, the way he sets up the ideal regime of good conversation by opposing it both to dissimulation and to eristic, both considered as counterfeits; on the other hand, how he defines, by opposing it to the counter-exemplary inneficiency of the foul (\"sot\"), the three caracteristics of the manière du dire: \"order\", \"prudence\" and \"suffisance\". Once criticized artifice and pedantry whose apparent knowledge is only supported by memory , it is shown that this reorientation to \"manner\" is founded over the diligence with the notions and subjects leaned by experience. The correct comprehension of the rival and cooperative conference, between friends discussing together conflicting opinions and correcting each other, makes of it the privileged way of frequenting and evaluating mens and books, and also the appropriate way of judgement\'s and thinking\'s exercise. Along with these, some questions involving the essay as a literary form are also treated.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how pupils think different kinds of parent teacher conferences has any significance on the feeling of participation and motivation in their learning. The purpose is also to find out how pupils think of using different kinds of assessment.This study is based on a hypothesis that studentled parent teacher conferences increases the students participation in it ́s own knowledge development. It is also based on the hypothesis that this increases the students metacognition and its internal motivation. This study is founded on a quantitative survey answered by students in eighth grade in two different schools with different kinds of parent teacher conferences. I have analyzed the results of the survey by comparing the results of two groups; they who have studentled parent teacher conferences and they who have more traditional parent teacher conferences.The result shows that students use and believe teachers use several different kinds of assessment in preparing their parent teacher conferences. Peer assessment is though underrepresented and considering the power it has, according to research it needs to be developed. Using studentled conferences increases the feeling of participation and motivation in general, not only internal motivation. My conclusion is that studentled conferences promote motivation and participation. Therefor methods for implementation of parent teacher conferences needs to be developed in many schools. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka elevers upplevelse av hur olika former av utvecklingssamtal påverkar dem när det gäller motivation för skolarbetet och delaktighet i sitt eget lärande. Syftet är också att kartlägga hur elever tänker kring användning av olika bedömningsformer. Undersökningen baseras på en hypotes om att elevledda utvecklingssamtal medför en ökad delaktighet i elevens egna kunskapsutveckling samt att detta i sin tur ökar kunskapen om det egna lärandet och den inre motivationen. Underlaget till undersökningen är en kvantitativ enkätundersökning genomförd bland samtliga elever i år 8 i två skolor med olika typer av utvecklingssamtal. Resultatet av denna enkät har jag sedan analyserat genom att jämföra skillnader och likheter mellan de två kategorierna; de som genomfört elevledda utvecklingssamtal samt de som haft mer traditionella utvecklingssamtal. Resultatet visar att elever, som underlag för sina utvecklingssamtal, använder sig av ett flertal olika former av bedömning. Dock visar det sig att kamratbedömning som bedömningsform är underrepresenterat och behöver utvecklas med tanke på den kraft forskning visar att den har. Både den inre och den yttre motivationen ökar när man genomför elevledda utvecklingssamtal. Resultaten visar också att känslan av delaktighet ökar när man genomför elevledda utvecklingssamtal. Min slutsats är att elevledda utvecklingssamtal främjar både motivation och delaktighet. För många skolors del innebär det att man behöver arbeta fram mer medvetna metoder för deras genomförande.

Thesis (M.A. in Theological Studies)--Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary, 2002. / "The present crisis in Bhartiya General Conference Mennonite Church in India can only be resolved by courageously addressing several key leadership issues"--T.p. A variant spelling of "Bhartiya" is "Bharatiya." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-114 ).

Thesis (M.A. in Theological Studies)--Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary, 2002. / "The present crisis in Bhartiya General Conference Mennonite Church in India can only be resolved by courageously addressing several key leadership issues"--T.p. A variant spelling of "Bhartiya" is "Bharatiya." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-114 ).

Thesis (M.A. in Theological Studies)--Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary, 2002. / "The present crisis in Bhartiya General Conference Mennonite Church in India can only be resolved by courageously addressing several key leadership issues"--T.p. A variant spelling of "Bhartiya" is "Bharatiya." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-114 ).

Esta dissertação apresenta uma análise da retomada e desenvolvimento do tema clássico da conversação (sermo) por parte de Michel de Montaigne em seu ensaio III VIII, De l´art de conferer. Examina-se, por um lado, como o Ensaísta estabelece, por oposição a duas contrafações, dissimulação e erística, o regime ideal da boa conference. Por outro lado, como, por oposição à inépcia contra-exemplar do tolo (sot), expõe as três qualidades da manière du dire: a ordem, a prudência, a suffisance. Mostra-se, então, que esta reorientação para a maneira, fazendo a crítica do artifício e do pedantismo e seu saber aparente, apoiado apenas na memória , funda-se no cuidado com as concepções e matérias, assimiladas pela experiência. A compreensão da conference, rival e cooperativa, entre amigos que discutem opiniões contraditórias e se corrigem mutuamente, faz dela o modo privilegiado de freqüentação e avaliação dos homens e dos livros, e o meio mais próprio do exercício do julgamento e do pensamento. Pautam-se neste percurso questões fundamentais para o tratamento do ensaio como forma. / This dissertation presents a analysis of the Montaigne\'s own development of the classical theme of \"conversation\" in his essay III VIII, De l\'art de conferer. It is examined, on one hand, the way he sets up the ideal regime of good conversation by opposing it both to dissimulation and to eristic, both considered as counterfeits; on the other hand, how he defines, by opposing it to the counter-exemplary inneficiency of the foul (\"sot\"), the three caracteristics of the manière du dire: \"order\", \"prudence\" and \"suffisance\". Once criticized artifice and pedantry whose apparent knowledge is only supported by memory , it is shown that this reorientation to \"manner\" is founded over the diligence with the notions and subjects leaned by experience. The correct comprehension of the rival and cooperative conference, between friends discussing together conflicting opinions and correcting each other, makes of it the privileged way of frequenting and evaluating mens and books, and also the appropriate way of judgement\'s and thinking\'s exercise. Along with these, some questions involving the essay as a literary form are also treated.

With the outbreak of COVID-19, the number of physical conferences has decreased which impacts hotels’ revenue from conference business. In response to the decrease in conferences and conference revenue, hotels have developed strategies to manage the loss. For each hotel, they developed different strategies according to the situation they faced. This research is going to take hotels in Gotland as samples to find out the strategies that hotels have developed in response to the loss of conference business and how these strategies developed. The result of this research showed that there were two kinds of strategies hotels have developed which are proactive and inactive strategies. In addition, hotels’ perception of COVID-19 has an impact on the development of strategies.

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The purpose of this study is to reveal that local churches are in a declining state. It further proves there is a need for strategies to turn around decline in local churches, with an emphasis on a case of Second Bethel, African Methodist Episcopal local church. To address the possible causes of the decline in local church membership, this study was conducted. The participants provided data indicating the causes of local church membership decline. The participants agreed that as per chapter four report what were the cause for this decline in membership This study presented several reasons why churches are declining in membership and possible strategies to curb a decline in membership into growing churches. / MA (Biblical Studies/Theology)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2015.