Downstream adjustment in stream channel morphology is examined in the context of stream channel confluences. Stream channel confluences represent areas of point specific increases in discharge, flow energy and potential erosion in a river system which will in turn affect the post-confluence downstream morphology. Analysis of 12 confluence junctions from southern Ontario streams, constituting 36 channel reaches in total, show an internally consistent hydraulic geometry relationship but with specific controls on channel morphology related to boundary conditions. Predictions of mainstem morphologies is possible using tributary attributes but reach specific channel confinement and material type add significant influence.

Downstream adjustment in stream channel morphology is examined in the context of stream channel confluences. Stream channel confluences represent areas of point specific increases in discharge, flow energy and potential erosion in a river system which will in turn affect the post-confluence downstream morphology. Analysis of 12 confluence junctions from southern Ontario streams, constituting 36 channel reaches in total, show an internally consistent hydraulic geometry relationship but with specific controls on channel morphology related to boundary conditions. Predictions of mainstem morphologies is possible using tributary attributes but reach specific channel confinement and material type add significant influence.

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des paléoenvironnements et des dynamiques morphologiques holocènes dans le bassin versant du Massengh et de ses confluences avec les oueds Sbiba et el Hathob (Tunisie du centre-ouest). Après l’étude du cadre physique de l’évolution des environnements holocènes et actuels, la thèse se concentre dans un premier temps, sur la chronostratigraphie des héritages et des archives sédimentaires. La reconstitution des paléoenvironnements et de la morphogenèse Holocène est tentée, dans un deuxième temps. En dernier lieu, la thèse fait porter l’analyse sur l’évolution morphodynamique actuelle du milieu fluvial à l’échelle de l’espace de confluences. / This thesis focuses on the study of paleoenvironmental and Holocene morphological dynamics in the watershed Massengh and its confluence with the wadis and Sbiba el Hathob (Tunisia's center-west). After studying the physical part of the evolution of Holocene and current environments, the thesis focusesinitiallyon chronostratigraphy inheritances and sedimentary archives. The reconstruction of paleoenvironmentaland morphogenesis Holocene is attempted, in a second step. To summarize, the thesis studies in depth the currentmorphodynamic evolution of the fluvial environment across the space of confluences.

Rivers are considered as one of the most important surface water resources on the earth. During the time, most of the rivers on the earth experienced evolution and changes. River bends and confluences are one of the common cases in most rivers. There is a significant impact of the flow on the cross-sectional profile of river bends and confluences. Secondary currents are one of the important features that characterize flow in river bends and confluences. In such currents, fluid particles follow a helical path instead of moving nearly parallel to the axis of the channel. The local imbalance between the vertically varying centrifugal force and the cross-stream pressure gradient results in generating the secondary flow and raising a typical motion of the helical flow. Several studies, including experimental or mathematical, have been conducted to examine flow characteristics in curved open channels, river meanders, or confluences. In this research, the influence of secondary currents is studied on the elevation of water surface and the hydraulic structures in channel bends and confluences by employing a 3D OpenFOAM numerical model. The research implements a 3D OpenFOAM numerical model to simulate the horizontal distribution of the flow. In addition, the progress in unraveling and understanding the bend and confluent dynamics is discussed. The finite volume method in OpenFOAM software is used to simulate and examine the behavior of the secondary current. Thereafter, a comparison between the experimental data and a numerical model is conducted. Two sets of experimental data are used as the dataset for these two experiments are complete and validated; the data provided by Rozovskii (1961) for a sharply curved channel, and the dataset provided by Shumate (1998) for a confluent channel. Two solvers in OpenFOAM software were selected to solve the problem regarding the experiment: InterFoam and PisoFoam. InterFoam is a transient solver for incompressible flow that is used with open channel flow with Free Surface Model. PisoFoam is a transient solver for incompressible flow that is used with closed channel flow and Rigid-Lid Model. Various turbulence models (i.e., Standard k-ε, Realizable k-ε) are applied in the numerical model to assess the accuracy of turbulence models in predicting the behavior of the flow. The accuracies of various turbulence models are examined and discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marlise Borges.pdf: 35448949 bytes, checksum: 00ce6b2dc00ce0b5a63605fae0304dd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-07 / This research has proposed an analysis of the creation and the recreation process in the verb-sonorous work Tuyabaé Cuaá (The knowledge of the Ancient Pajés), whose author is the composer and writer Walter Freitas, born in Pará, Brazil a work which reverberates the Amazon culture and the author s fundamental knowledge of it. Its objective was to observe the process of cultural translation and the transformative mixes preset at the work, pointing the new ensemble which intercommunicates since ways, presuppositions and vehicles of a complex work of art. About notions of memory and métissage , the thoughts of authors like Jerusa Pires Ferreira and Amálio Pinheiro were utilized, moreover theoretical works such as Jesus Martin Barbero s and Serge Gruzinski s, that think the métissage and the relations between communication and culture in Latin America as a place of multi-confluence of diverse elements. The Semiotics of the Culture, beyond Iuri Lotman, Aron Gurévitch, and also using the party concept formulated by Mikhail Bakhtin, has grounded the followed courses, also providing a backup to its development. Tuyabaé Cuaá fulfils its function of recuperate and activate some kind of collective memory. Besides the intersemiotics translation, other recreation and translation processes were realized since Walter Freitas work. That s another phonographic register, Medievo Cabano . Therefore, it was presented, such as complementary experience of this paper, a sonorous re-lecture, funding the composer music with elements from medieval, baroque and renaissance period elements. It was also realized an experience in the visual creative field: the sense of sound has turn into image (eight paintings), established above the poetic and musical universe of Walter Freitas. To finalize, it was elaborated a proposition of a documentary work which, sharing new esthetics and diverse languages, could fit the kind of cinematographic production that, in the future, will be able to considerate the dimensions that point to ethnographic, overall to its deconstruction, and to the elements of the autobiography. Into this, everything also remits to subjective and reflexive discourses about the world / Esta pesquisa procurou fazer uma análise do processo de criação e recriação na obra de arte verbo-sonora Tuyabaé Cuaá (A Sabedoria dos Antigos Pajés), de autoria do compositor e escritor paraense Walter Freitas, uma obra que repercute a amazonidade e o conhecimento fundamental desta cultura. Teve como objetivo observar o processo de tradução cultural e as mesclas transformadoras, apontando o novo conjunto que se intercomunica, a partir de caminhos, pressupostos e veículos de uma obra de arte complexa. Sobre noções de memória e mestiçagem, foram utilizados pensamentos de autores como Jerusa Pires Ferreira e Amálio Pinheiro e de teóricos como Jesus Martin Barbero e Serge Gruzinski, que pensam a mestiçagem e relações entre comunicação e cultura na América Latina, como um lugar de multiconfluências de elementos diversos. A semiótica da cultura, através de Iuri Lotman, Aron Gurévitch e também utilizando a noção da festa em Mikhail Bakhtin fundamentaram os caminhos, dando apoios ao seu desenvolvimento. Tuyabaé Cuaá cumpre, portanto, sua função de recuperar e ativar certa memória coletiva. Além da tradução intersemiótica, outros processos de recriação e tradução foram realizados, partindo da obra de Walter Freitas. Trata-se de outro registro fonográfico, Medievo Cabano . Assim, esteve presente, como experiência complementar deste trabalho, uma releitura sonora, fundindo a música do compositor com elementos dos períodos medieval, renascentista e barroco. Foi também realizada uma experiência no campo do criativo visual. Aí, o sentido do som transformou-se em imagem (oito telas), plasmadas a partir do universo poético e musical de Walter Freitas. Para terminar, foi pensada uma proposta de documentário que, compartilhando novas estéticas e várias linguagens, pudesse se encaixar no tipo de produção cinematográfica que venha futuramente a considerar as dimensões que apontam para o etnográfico mas sobretudo para a sua desconstrução e elementos do autobiográfico. Aí tudo remete também para discursos subjetivos e reflexivos sobre o mundo

<p>The aim of this study is to investigate the components of religion and spirituality in the specific context of "Fryshuset" – a multicultural and glocal arena. Against the backdrop of contemporary researchers such as Heelas and Woodhead and their hypothesis about the "spiritual revolution" and a "new spirituality", as well as the postmodern discussion about "the return of God", this study discusses how religious change can be understood in the context of Fryshuset.</p><p>The theoretical point of departure is taken in a hermeneutical method where Fleck´s theory about "thought-collective" and Gidden´s theory about the "duality of structure" are used in order to understand and describe the dialectical relationship between individual and social structure.</p><p>The method used in this study is qualitative. The interviews are made of six individuals representing different social projects at Fryshuset.</p><p>By analyzing the material from the field study through theories on religious change, three areas are identified:</p><ol><li>"The subjective turn"</li><li>Religion and spirituality</li><li>A Cosmopolitan interpretation of life </li></ol><p>The result of this study is that the religiosity among the interviewed can be described through Taylor’s understanding of the "subjective turn". Furthermore they are also part of a "double subjective turn" understood as an internalized subjective turn. Despite the fact that a lot of what the informants describe corresponds to Heelas and Woodheads theories of "subjective life spirituality" it is not relevant to talk about a "spiritual revolution". However, according to Beckford´s theories about religion as a "cultural resource" it can be described as a kind of new spirituality which is used in order to act and think global. The individuals use religion and spirituality as a cultural resource in their formation of a larger cosmopolitan interpretation of life.</p>

The aim of this study is to investigate the components of religion and spirituality in the specific context of "Fryshuset" – a multicultural and glocal arena. Against the backdrop of contemporary researchers such as Heelas and Woodhead and their hypothesis about the "spiritual revolution" and a "new spirituality", as well as the postmodern discussion about "the return of God", this study discusses how religious change can be understood in the context of Fryshuset. The theoretical point of departure is taken in a hermeneutical method where Fleck´s theory about "thought-collective" and Gidden´s theory about the "duality of structure" are used in order to understand and describe the dialectical relationship between individual and social structure. The method used in this study is qualitative. The interviews are made of six individuals representing different social projects at Fryshuset. By analyzing the material from the field study through theories on religious change, three areas are identified: "The subjective turn" Religion and spirituality A Cosmopolitan interpretation of life  The result of this study is that the religiosity among the interviewed can be described through Taylor’s understanding of the "subjective turn". Furthermore they are also part of a "double subjective turn" understood as an internalized subjective turn. Despite the fact that a lot of what the informants describe corresponds to Heelas and Woodheads theories of "subjective life spirituality" it is not relevant to talk about a "spiritual revolution". However, according to Beckford´s theories about religion as a "cultural resource" it can be described as a kind of new spirituality which is used in order to act and think global. The individuals use religion and spirituality as a cultural resource in their formation of a larger cosmopolitan interpretation of life.

<p>Topography is one of the primary drivers of physical processes in the rivers and floodplains. Advances in remote-sensing and survey techniques have provided high-resolution representation of the floodplains but information regarding the 3D representation of river channels (commonly known as river bathymetry) is sparsely available. Field surveys along an entire river network in a watershed remains infeasible and algorithms for estimating simple but effective characterization of river channel geometry are hindered by an incomplete understanding of the role of river bathymetry in surface and subsurface processes. </p> <p> The first objective of this dissertation develops an automated framework – System for Producing RIver Network Geometry (SPRING) for improving the geospatial descriptors of a river network. The tool takes as input the DEM and erroneous river centerline to produce spatially consistent river centerlines, banks, and an improved representation of river channel geometry. SPRING can process entire river networks and is not limited single reach applications. The proposed framework is flexible in terms of data requirements, resolution of output datasets and user preferences. It has a user-friendly graphic user interface (GUI) and is appropriate for large-scale applications since it requires minimal user input.</p> <p> A better understanding of the role of bathymetric characteristics in surface-subsurface hydrology and hydrodynamics can facilitate an efficient incorporation of river bathymetry in large river networks. The second objective explores the level of bathymetric detail required for accurately simulating surface and subsurface processes by developing four bathymetric representations using SPRING with reducing level of detail. These bathymetric configurations are simulated using a physically based tightly coupled hydrologic and hydrodynamic model to estimate surface and subsurface fluxes in the floodplains. Comparison of fluxes for the four bathymetric configurations show that the impact of river bathymetry extends beyond surface routing to surface water – groundwater interactions. Channel conveyance capacity and thalweg elevation are the most important characteristics controlling these interactions followed by channel side slope and channel asymmetry. </p> <p> The final objective aims to develop benchmarks for bathymetric characteristics for accurately simulating flooding related physical processes. The sensitivity of surface and subsurface fluxes to error in channel conveyance capacity is investigated across reaches with varying geomorphological characteristics. SPRING is used to create six bathymetric configurations with varying range of error in channel conveyance capacity (ranging from 25% to 300%). They are simulated using a tightly coupled physically distributed model for a flood event and the estimates of water surface elevation, infiltration and lateral seepage are compared. Results show that incorporating channel conveyance capacity with an error of within 25% significantly improves the estimates of surface and subsurface fluxes as compared to those not having any bathymetric correction. For certain reaches, such as those with high drainage area (>1000km²) or low sinuosity (< 1.25), errors of up to 100% in channel conveyance capacity can still improve H&H modeling.</p>

The project follows two previous semesters when the analysis of river Svitavy in Brno was elaborated together with colleagues Lenka Gulačovou and Zdeňka Sedláková. It dealt with the river's values and potential problems and subsequent recovery. Important aspect of the thesis is that it does not have the traditional form of urban study. The project extends into the theoretical plane, which is dedicated to the waterfront, the river in an urban environment and in particular to the issues of brownfields, that are substantial for the area of Svitava river. For this work I chose a site located close to the northern edge of the city (Obřany, Maloměřice, Husovice). Three sites are selected, their central motifs are islands and brownfields. Both of these phenomena have their values, problems, but also large potential. At selected locations (Obřany, Maloměřice, Husovice) I try to illustrate the options that are presented in the form of interventions. Selected locations continually follow each other and are connected by a series of interventions that improve the quality of the space.

L'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à la modélisation globale du système veineux jambier entrepris par les Laboratoires Innothera, en étudiant deux de ces aspects singuliers. La première partie porte sur les confluences. A l'aide d'une étude numérique validée expérimentalement nous proposons deux modèles permettant, d'une part de prédire la perte de charge singulière d'une confluence en fonction de sa géométrie et de son régime d'écoulement et, d'autre part, de prendre en compte les effets non newtoniens du sang en introduisant une viscosité dont la valeur dépend du débit. La seconde partie porte sur le remplissage et la vidange d'un tuyau souple. A l'aide d'un banc hydrodynamique nous avons développé une méthode de mesure de loi d'état de ces tuyaux et un modèle rendant compte de la cinématique de leur paroi. Enfin, nous avons réalisé la validation d'un code de simulation numérique permettant de résoudre le problème de l'écoulement d'un fluide dans une conduite déformable.