Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2006. / Adviser: Tu Wei-ming. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-176)

禮起源於人民的日常生活，其內涵包括禮義與禮儀二者。經周公系統化後，禮成為歷代統治者穩定社會的重點教化內容。由於禮的內容複雜繁瑣，一般庶民難有相應的條件來履行當中的種種禮節，故有「禮不下庶人」之說。至宋代，由於市民階級的興起及文化事業的發達，一般庶民對禮的需求日顯殷切，代表地方「小傳統」的家族文化便開始與作為「大傳統」代表的儒家文化相結合。宋明兩代家禮的撰作，便是回應民眾訴求的結果，呈現大小傳統文化的整合情況。家禮作為一種庶民日常家庭生活的常規要求，既要包含許多傳統道德規範，同時也要配合當時的社會風俗。如何磨合協調二者，讓傳統禮學能配合時代所需而加以發展，得以活化，令禮的要義能真正落實，是一個十分有意義的課題，也是本文的研究重點。本文將以儒家哲學精神為切入點，探究《書儀》、《文公家禮》、《家禮儀節》這三本同一體系但不同朝代的家禮著作，歸納其儀節內容如何配合社會的轉變，以貫徹儒家重人情的傳統思想特點。從而辨析司馬光、朱熹、丘濬等人如何訂定冠、昏、喪、祭諸儀，並探究其在變更儀節的同時，能否保留當中的禮義，以延續與活化儒家的傳統思想。藉由本文的討論，期望能進一步明瞭《書儀》、《家禮》、《家禮儀節》三書，如何兼容時代的特色及需要，延續與活化儒家的倫理禮教；希望通過歸納當中重點，重申儒家的普世價值，為今天的社會如何復興儒學提供一個參考點。Abstract In early China, li-rituals stands for a totality of social norms, governing the individual, the family, the rural community, the state and even the international arena of the "civilized world"-Huaxia. However, the li-rituals are mainly practiced among nobles with the exclusion of commoners. Though commoners could be promoted to the ruling class since the Warring-State period, such cases are relatively rare. A great majority of the bureaucrats are from learnt families presumably well-versed in li-rituals. This situation has changed in the Song dynasty. With the keju-examinations in full-swing, many commoners have joined the upper class and the need for practice of li-rituals, as a symbol of social, intellectual and moral upwardness, becomes urgent. To meet this need, Sima Guang, Zhu Xi and Qiu Jun, all scholar-bureaucrats in the Song-Ming Dynasties, endeavored to set a modern version of li-rituals with reference to those in the classics. As li-rituals are by nature conservative and very sensitive to changes, all new practices must be well-justified. This is a study on how these scholars revitalized the li-rituals by making changes appropriate to the contemporary situation and according to what criteria, analyzed how these changes facilitated the standardization of Chinese ritual behavior which enhances our understanding of Chinese society and culture.

本論文共分九章，約十二萬字，乃就諸家目錄所載，自漢迄今之論語著作，作一綜合 目錄．除緒論、結論外，分兩漢、魏晉南北朝、隋唐五代、南宋、元、明、清諸單元 ．仿漢書藝文志體例，共分兩部分： 一、目錄部份，首敘書名、卷數、作者、注明出處及存佚情形，並論及諸家書目所載 異同，以得諸書目之詳略、得失，並訂正其誤謬，在求得一完整之論語綜合著述目錄 ，藉此得觀歷代論語著述之情形．其中經義考之蒐羅廣博、四庫提傲所言之精核、藝 文總志之整理工夫，為諸家書目中之翹楚． 二、歷代論語學概述部份，猶漢志之小序，敘歷代論語學源流演變，用以辦章學術、 考鏡源流．緒論中，述及論語名稱、編纂者、成書經過諸問題．漢興則有齊、古、魯 三論，專門授受，遞稟師承，莫敢同異，至鄭玄兼取今古文，為集兩漢論語學之大成 者，其後何晏、王弼等以玄釋經，玄風大暢，流風所扇，歷南朝至隋唐，其間北方猶 篤守鄭學．洛閩繼起，道學大昌，擺落漢唐，獨研義理．程朱推崇四書，至此四書地 位大為提昇，與五經並稱，自宋末歷元至明初，程朱學說定於一尊，科舉取士，一以 朱註為準．自正德、嘉靖以後，王學盛行，唯其末流以狂禪解經，空談臆斷，其弊也 肆．有清一代，漢學大昌，其學徵實不誣，成就斐然，堪與漢宋蹦稱．

西方哲學中的知識論就著知識的本質、知識之範圍、知識成立的條件等等問題有著深入而又精微的討論，然而反觀中國古代的先秦儒者，他們所關懷往往是內聖外王之事，且拙於運用抽象的概念進行思考，因此他們從不曾顯題化地對知識之構造、本質等等進行嚴謹而有系統的思考。然而，人一旦廁身於世，就無可避免地面對認識的問題，而無論是甚麼人，都有運用自己的感官和理性思維去認識、理解世界的經驗，因此假使我們仔細閱讀先秦儒者對於「知」的零碎文本，未嘗不可建立一套先秦儒者的「知」「識」論。 / 因此，本文將以孔子、孟子、荀子的文本為主要探討對象，分析他們所言之「知」「識」的各種意涵，具體的論述將主要分為四章：第一章「耳目之知」，闡述先秦儒者對於運用各種身體感官以認識外物的討論；第二章則為「知慮之知」，以理性思維能力為探討核心；第三章則為「知義之知」，探討在孟荀理解中，道德是如何被認識；而最後一章是「知天之知」，研究「天」、「命」這兩個觀念在孟荀文本中，是如何被理解和掌握的。本研究希望通過重新梳理「知」之不同層次之意涵，重構先秦儒者對於知識的討論，雖然當中或沒有令人耳目一新之創見，但望能為日後進一步討論作基石。 / Western epistemology has flourish, thorough discussion on the nature, scope, necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge. For Pre-Qin Confucians, as what they concerned about were how to be a sage and true king and they were weak in conceptual thinking, thus they did not have any thematic and systematic discussion on the issue of the nature and structure of knowledge. However, everyone encounters the problem of how to get to know the outside world when they are living. Besides this, everyone has the experience of using their sense organs and rationality to perceive and understand the world. As a result, although Pre-Qin Confucians has only some piecemeal texts on knowing, we can still re-construct their views on knowing through detailed, deep analysis of their words. / As a result, this research will focus on Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi, analyzing different meanings of "Zhi" "Shi" (knowledge) in their texts. It will divide into four main parts, chapter one will concentrate on the discussion of sensible knowing, while chapter two will reveal the kind of knowing by rational deliberation and inference. As for chapter three, it will study how morality is being acquired in Mencius and Xunzi’s thought. Then the last chapter will examine some transcendental objects, such as "tian" and "ming", are how to be perceived. After all, despite this research might not contain much insightful, new opinions, its clarification and division on the meaning of "Zhi" might serve as a helpful ground for further discussion on the thought of knowing in Chinese Philosophy. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 葉德莉. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-146). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Ye Deli.

論文(碩士)--香港中文大學,1978. / Manuscript. / Includes bibliographical references: (leaves 185-188). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 前言 --- p.1-5 / Chapter 第一章 --- 畧論道德問題思考的幾種進路 --- p.6-28 / Chapter 第二章 --- 休謨的道德哲學 --- p.29-86 / Chapter 第三章 --- 休謨道德理論之困難 --- p.87-127 / Chapter 第四章 --- 休謨理論進路之限制 --- p.127-148 / Chapter 第五章 --- 先秦儒家(孔孟)對道德的形上意義之啟示 --- p.149-179 / Chapter 第六章 --- 總結 --- p.180-184 / 參考書目

Worldwide, school principals, especially those in secondary schools, have felt increased pressure in their roles as many countries press for higher levels of student attainment. At the same time, education reforms and, in many systems, increased delegation to school leaders, have greatly increased principals' responsibilities and made the job much more complicated. Given their strategic importance, it is not surprising that the role of principals has attracted great attention since the 1990s. The central focus of this thesis was an investigation and analysis of the impact of recent education reforms on the role of secondary school principals in China. At the time of writing no clear picture of the expectations placed on principals in China exists, though there is no doubt that these expectation are greatly increased. The aim of the study was to investigate principals' own views of their role, their main activities and priorities, and the main influences on these. Consideration was also given to the major challenge or problems confronting school principals, and to identify similarities and differences between the principals' roles and attitudes in China and in the West. Naturalistic qualitative methods were used to investigate the experiences of 28 school leaders regarding how their role has developed in China during this period of major education reforms. Semi-structured interviews and shadowing these principals as they went about their work were the main methods of data collection drawn on in this study. Further information was extracted from documents about training policies and programmes accessible via official websites. Thematic analysis of the interview data was conducted, to identify key themes and issues. The analysis suggests that school principals encounter new challenges as 'curriculum leaders', in developing with their staff new pedagogies that shift the balance away from 'teaching' onto 'learning', and in dealing with the expectation of multiple stakeholders. It also emerged that the principals felt that they did not have sufficient autonomy to lead their schools as they would wish, which restricted curriculum development. Regarding the key findings, the main worry of the principals was with poor student attainment. Under the 'high-stakes' testing system, invisible pressure is exerted on the school for improving test results. The quality of education has never been subject to so much scrutiny from such a wide range of stakeholders, including parents, the community, and employers. As a result, the role of principals has become more complicated, and they are under increasing pressure from higher expectations amongst those both in and outside of the school. Leadership development has been embraced as an important factor in meeting those expectations. However, the thesis argues that there is not sufficient training provided for principals to develop their skills to meet these expectations.

梁家榮. / 呈交日期: 2003年5月. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (p. 180-192). / 中英文摘要. / Cheng jiao ri qi: 2003 nian 5 yue. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Liang Jiarong. / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (p. 180-192).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 275-290). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Local elites are usually the controller of local powers, especially for those local political elites who can make an authoritative allotment for social values and also have a certain influence on the decision-making process of public policies. Even though Taiwan has experienced political democratization and liberalization and most of political, economic and social systems and structures imitate the West, it is worthy of further observations if the law-related cognition, the most important for democracy, has been established, if the concept of Confucianism is still deeply rooted in the mind of citizenry, if parts of Confucianism are preserved and the concept of law-related cognition is existed, and what kind of influence it will have on current political developments. This research is designed to study the relation between the personal characteristics and the values of democracy (the concepts of conflict, local authority limit, honest, minority benefit and political participation) and the relation between the concept of Confucian culture and the law-related cognition. This research assumed the law-related cognition of local elites shall depend on the relation between such concepts and law-related cognitions. This research finds that the relations between the democratic values of local elites and the personal factors are not really all existed. For the democratic values and the Confucian culture concept of local elites, the educational background of local elites and the level of interviewees are most important and their party supports, ages and statuses are second. Those local elites with different characteristics have significant differences in their values of democracy and concepts of Confucian culture, which is from the viewpoint of Micro. This research also finds that the democratic values of local elites appear negative correlation between: 1. the concept of conflict and the concept of local authority limit; 2. the concept of local authority limit & the concept of honest and the concept of political participation & the law-related cognition respectively; 3. the concept of minority benefit and the concept of political participation; and 4. the law-related cognition and the concept of Confucian culture; but present lower positive correlation between: 1. the law-related cognition, the concept of conflict and the concept of political participation, 2. the concept of local authority limit, the concept of minority benefit and the concept of Confucian culture. In future, we can make further operations to build a more perfect model with the style of scales. The whole model shows that the limit of central and local authorities, the concept of political participation and the concept of Confucian culture are commonly significant parts in these three models. The model will not reduce its significance because of increasing variables. The age is also significant for the anticipation of local elites but the educational background is not, which is possible because the interviewee with higher education attainments tends to be younger in our survey data. Actually, the study on domestically local elites is seldom seen and most of studies target at public general. That¡¦s because the study expends much time and many efforts. This survey data is really rare. However, the survey time is far remote from today and the public and social trends have been changed substantially. It is worthy of continuous observations for this issue.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-244).