Confuscious thoughts is one of the most important knowledge in the Chinese philosophy, and does certainly has a profound influence in the Chinese culture and its political thoughts. Kong Zi, Meng Zi and Xun Zi took turn in completing the courtier morality respectively. This thesis found out that virtue and ceremony is shared among the 3 philosophers as the common goal and mission in politics. However, due to the different era and environment that the 3 philosophers were in, each of the 3 philosophers had different concentration on the same issue, and therefore resulting in differences in their beliefs. Research allows us to have a deeper understanding of the core contents, and also shows us that in the same school of thoughts, there can be different perspectives in it. With this, it helps us to have a better understanding of Confuscious influence in the political area.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-200).

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Th. M.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1997. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-85).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2008. / Abstract. Description based on Microfiche version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-200).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-199).

一定歷史時期的正當性觀念反映了對應時期的社會價值規範。中國古代在西周之後的普遍共識是權力源自天命。本文以「天人關係」的發展為線索，以孔孟荀正當性觀念為軸，上溯西周時期「天命有德」觀念的興起，下及西漢初期董仲舒的「天人感應」理論，系統梳理了西漢初期以前儒家正當性觀念的發展。 西周之後，「血緣」與「德」成為能否享有天命的兩個影響因素。孔子在尊重世襲權力正當性的同時，通過「正名論」強調世襲君主既然享有君之名，就應該行君之實，對君主權力的道德基礎提出了要求。其對「仁」進行了重新詮釋，使得人本原存在的道德性被揭示出來，由此樹立了道德的主體性。同時通過對「仁」作為禮之質的說明，將「禮」作為一種外在制度和規範轉化為個體內在本質的實現。由此君主作為道德個體，權力的使用應該以「仁」為基礎。孟子則在孔子「仁」論的基礎上，進一步由「仁」而「仁義」並舉。通過性善論和「天人一貫」的哲學認識，將天道與人道貫通，為民意乃是天意奠定了理論基礎。君主需要以「仁義」為基礎，實行「德政」，才能獲得民心，從而享有天下。荀子不再從道德主體的價值自覺著手，而是通過對君主制的正當性論證，間接為處於君主制頂端的君主權力的正當性進行證明。董仲舒則在論證天的神聖性和道德性基礎上重新樹立了天的至高權威，通過「天人感應」來「假天以伸民」，對君主權力的道德基礎進行規範。 本文第一章介紹論文的研究主題和範圍、意義以及研究現狀，進而交待本文研究方法和論文章節安排。第二章：分析儒家天命觀的興起及其內涵。第三、四、五章則以孔孟荀為代表，來討論早期儒家的政治正當性觀念。第六章：分析「天人感應」與董仲舒的政治正當性思想。第七章：結語。對全文進行回顧和總結，檢討論文的成果。

Doctor of Philosophy / Family Studies and Human Services / Joyce Baptist / The model minority stereotype portrays Asian Americans as resilient, educationally and financially successful, and family-focused, while it downplays the realities of discrimination and its effects on self-esteem. Research suggests that gender roles and immigration experiences are contributing factors to why Asian American women, especially second-generation immigrants, experience greater stress than women of other ethnic groups and Asian American men in general. Considering most Asian Americans are of East and Southeast Asian heritages influenced by Confucian family values and gender roles, this study examined how these values mediated the associated from discrimination to self-esteem during adolescence, and to educational and financial achievement (wellbeing) during adulthood for second-generation immigrants. Using data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (N = 554), results from a partially constrained group-comparison model demonstrated that Confucian values of familism and family cohesion were factors that significantly predicted adolescent self-esteem and adult educational achievement. Men’s level of familism endorsement was also uniquely related to experiences with discrimination. Clinical implications and further research directions are discussed.

abstract: This thesis examines the relationship between political culture, Confucian intellectuals, and the rise of a new intellectual and cultural paradigm during the early to mid-Ming dynasty (1368 – 1644). The main goal of this thesis is to supplement current scholarship on Chen Xianzhang’s 陳獻章 (1428 – 1500) life as an intellectual of Cantonese origin and his political activities at both local and national levels. Furthermore, the thesis supplements current research on the Yangming School and the School’s contribution to the revitalization of private academies during the Ming with a study on the relationship between the three Confucian intellectuals enshrined in 1584 and the revival of private academies from the perspective of political history. In analyzing the relationship between these various aspects of the Ming political and intellectual landscapes, the thesis uses the 1584 Confucian Temple enshrinement, which involved Wang Yangming 王陽明 (1472 – 1529) and his two older contemporary Confucian intellectuals, Chen Xianzhang and Hu Juren 胡居仁 (1434 – 1484), as an entry point to explore the dynamics behind the political and cultural changes at the time. It aims to investigate the issue of cultural power versus imperial power, the central-versus-peripheral narrative in Ming politics, the evolution of how cultural power was asserted by members of the Confucian tradition, and the manifestation of such evolution in response to contemporary political discussions. The author begins with an analysis of the revival of private academies (shuyuan 書院) during the mid-Ming, and the influence of Chen Xianzhang and Hu Juren in this revival. He then dissects the relationship between the revival of private academies and the emergence of jianghui 講會 (discussion gatherings) in the following decades. Finally, the thesis discusses the struggle of mid-Ming intellectuals in gaining cultural legitimization for both private academies and jianghui activities by urging the imperial court to give due recognition through enshrining Wang, Chen, and Hu in the Confucian Temple, and the historical significance of this struggle to the development of the Confucian tradition in the Ming. The author ultimately argues that Chen Xianzhang, contrary to the common perception about him being a philosopher-poet who was indifferent to political discourses, was in fact a politically active intellectual; and that Chen’s contributions to the revival of private academies in Guangdong predated that of Wang Yangming in the Jiangnan region. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Asian Languages and Civilizations 2016

With the permission of Swedish Allemansrätten, the Right of Public Access, allows people to interact with the natural environment... . Environmental ethics, discuss about the relationship between man and nature, and is hence clearly connected to the questions of wildlife tourism. Great part of the previous literature has focused on the environmental ethics in tourism from the perspective of utilitarianism or deontology, with special concern in animal rights, animal ethics and animal welfare. However, questions like ‘what kind of people will do good to the environment?’, ‘What are the characteristics of these people?’ are among those that still need to be discussed in the field of wildlife tourism research. According to the theory of environmental virtue ethics, man's attitude towards nature originates from the internal quality and character of human beings. Whether it is the western scholars Thomas Hill and Geoffrey Frasz, or the ancient Chinese School of Confucianism and Taoism, they all put forward their own opinions on the characters required by the virtue ethics of the environment. In this thesis, documentary writing and network media records of wildlife tourists in Sweden are used as empirical materials to demonstrate the behavioral and psychological manifestations of the three characters of environmental virtues ethics. These three characters reflect the harmonious interaction between man and nature, and contribute in the theoretical discussions of of ethics in Tourism Studies.