Lone-parent family households in Czech and Slovak Republic after 1970 in the context of socio-economic and demographic development. Abstract This paper introduces the topic of families and households. The shift of attitudes and social values which are connected with single-parent family households is studied based on statistical surveys. This work elaborates changes in number and structure of single-parent family households in Czech and Slovak Republic since 1970 till present. The first part outlines the view of experts on a broad concept of family and the family cycle. The next part evaluates the long-term evolution of marriage, divorce, fertility and changes in society values. The changes in society values are correlated with formation, structure and number of single parent family households in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic before and after 1990. Keywords: family, household, lone-parent family, nuptiality, divorce, fertility, children born outside marriage, consensual unions, changes of values in society

Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-12-11T17:17:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TÂMARA LUZ MIRANDA RÊGO.pdf: 2695023 bytes, checksum: 1fede5ac89598cf9616a4ca50efc40b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-12-11T17:19:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TÂMARA LUZ MIRANDA RÊGO.pdf: 2695023 bytes, checksum: 1fede5ac89598cf9616a4ca50efc40b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:19:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TÂMARA LUZ MIRANDA RÊGO.pdf: 2695023 bytes, checksum: 1fede5ac89598cf9616a4ca50efc40b6 (MD5) / A presente pesquisa concentra seu objeto de estudo em torno da eficácia das medidas alternativas como forma de garantir o direito fundamental à saúde na atualidade. Nesse aspecto, a problemática invocada recai sobre a possibilidade de efetivar o direito à saúde por meio de medidas complementares ao sistema sanitário implantado no Brasil, após a Constituição de 1988, tendo como exemplo o Estado da Bahia. A partir da análise em evidência, será possível perceber que a busca por soluções consensuais e dialógicas constituem um importante instrumento de trabalho para a efetivação do direito à saúde no país. O objetivo principal desta tese é reconhecer que, apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas pelo Estado Brasileiro ao longo da sua história, os problemas em torno da saúde pública podem ser atenuados ou até mesmo superados mediante adoção de medidas resolutivas compatíveis com a dinâmica das relações sociais, econômicas e políticas contemporâneas. Além disso, por meio da temática abordada, será possível analisar o sistema sanitário estruturado no Estado da Bahia a fim de conhecer um pouco mais das suas peculiaridades e contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento do modelo alternativo adotado nessa região, desde a implantação da Câmara de Conciliação da Saúde, criada na Capital baiana, por meio do Convênio de Cooperação nº 01/2015. O estudo se firmou em dados empíricos fornecidos diretamente pela Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, além de análise teórica e explanatória sobre o assunto. Os resultados mostram uma redução na judicialização da saúde na Bahia. Contudo, apesar dos avanços obtidos, é indispensável investir no fortalecimento das vias alternativas adotadas no Estado, fomentando a ampliação de técnicas nesse sentido. / The present research aims to study the effectiveness of alternative measures as a way of guaranteeing the fundamental right to health in the present time. In this regard, the problem is based on the possibility of implementing the right to health through complementary measures to the health system implemented in the country after the 1988 constitution, using the State of Bahia as an example. From the analysis in evidence, it is possible to perceive that the search for consensual and dialogical solutions constitute an important working tool for the realization of the right to health in the country. The main objective of this thesis is to recognize that despite the difficulties faced by the Brazilian State throughout its history, public health problems can be attenuated or even overcome by adopting resolutive measures that are compatible with the dynamics of social relations, economics and contemporary politicss. In addition, through the theme discussed, it will be possible to analyze the sanitary system structured in the State of Bahia, in order to know a little more of its peculiarities and contribute to the improvement of the alternative model adopted in this region since the implementation of the Chamber of Conciliation of Health, created in the Bahian Capital, through Cooperation Agreement nº 01/2015. The study was based on empirical data provided directly by the Health Department of the State of Bahia as well as a theoretical and explanatory analysis of the subject. The results show a reduction in the judicialization of health in Bahia. However, despite the progress made, it is essential to invest in the strengthening of the alternative routes adopted in the State and to, encourage the expansion of techniques in this regard. / La presente ricerca concentra il suo oggetto di studio sull'efficacia delle misure alternative come mezzo per garantire il diritto fondamentale alla salute nel tempo presente. A questo proposito, il problema si basa sulla possibilità di attuare il diritto alla salute attraverso misure complementari al sistema sanitario attuato nel paese, dopo la costituzione del 1988, prendendo ad esempio lo stato di Bahia. Dalle analisi in evidenza sarà possibile percepire che la ricerca di soluzioni consensuali e dialogiche costituisce un importante strumento di lavoro per la realizzazione del diritto alla salute nel Paese. L'obiettivo principale di questa tesi è riconoscere che, nonostante le difficoltà incontrate dallo Stato brasiliano nel corso della sua storia, i problemi di salute pubblica possono essere attenuati o addirittura superati adottando misure risolutive compatibili con la dinamica delle relazioni sociali , economico e politico. Inoltre, attraverso il tema discusso, sarà possibile analizzare il sistema sanitario strutturato nello Stato di Bahia per conoscere un po 'più delle sue peculiarità e contribuire al miglioramento del modello alternativo adottato in questa regione, dall'attuazione della Camera di conciliazione di salute, creato nella capitale baiana, attraverso l'accordo di cooperazione nº 01/2015. Lo studio è stato basato su dati empirici forniti direttamente dal Dipartimento della Sanità dello Stato di Bahia, nonché un'analisi teorica e esplicativa sull'argomento. I risultati mostrano una riduzione della giudizializzazione della salute a Bahia. Tuttavia, nonostante i progressi compiuti, è essenziale investire nel rafforzamento delle rotte alternative adottate nello Stato, incoraggiando l'espansione delle tecniche a tale riguardo.

In this study, hypnotic analgesia in obstetrics is explained in terms of ecosystemic thinking, as opposed to traditional conceptualisations of hypnosis. Five case studies were used. Each case is described in detail, as well as the therapeutic rationale behind each case, in order to present the reader with an understanding for the thinking behind the doing of ecosystemic hypnotherapy. The study utilises a new paradigm approach to research which is explained and is in keeping with ecosystemic epistemology. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

The phrase “sweet sixteen and never been kissed” refers to the innocence of childhood and the coming of age of children. It also relates to the increased need for autonomy by adolescents. However, it is highly improbable that the average child in South Africa, when reaching the age of sixteen years, has never been kissed. Children’s rights are categorised as rights of protection (the state and parents have a duty to protect children from sexual abuse and exploitation) and rights of autonomy. The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996 provides for the right of female children of any age to consent to the termination of a pregnancy if all the requirements are met. In terms of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005, persons who are responsible for the care of a child must guide, advise and assist such child. A child must have access to information regarding sexuality and reproduction, and has clear rights from a young age with regard to consenting to medical treatment and HIV testing, as well as to access to contraceptives. Sections 15 and 16 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007 deal with consensual sexual acts with adolescents - a person who commits a sexual act with an adolescent is, despite the consent of such adolescent, guilty of an offence. Adolescents and children between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years can also be offenders. There is an obligation on a person with knowledge of a sexual offence that has been committed to report same to the South African Police Service. The particulars of a convicted person must be inserted in the National Register for Sex Offenders. These reporting obligations limit the child’s rights to consent to the termination of a pregnancy, to access contraceptives and confidential contraceptive advice and to consent to HIV testing. It also limits the ability of adults to provide children with sex education, advice and guidance. The court in the The Teddy Bear Clinic for Abused Children and RAPCAN v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development and National Director of Public Prosecutions (73300/2010) [2013] ZAGPPHC 1 (4 January 2013) found that certain sections of the Sexual Offences Act are unconstitutional. However, three main issues remain unaddressed. Firstly, the above-mentioned provisions in the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act and the Children’s Act still send out contradictory messages, leading to legal uncertainty. Secondly, the diversion provisions of the Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 are not, in totality, relevant to consensual sexual acts between children, and expose children to the criminal justice system. Thirdly, the reporting provisions of the Sexual Offences Act pose serious challenges. To address the above, it is recommended that the state should embark on a nation-wide information campaign, the national statutory and institutional framework should be reviewed, rationalised and aligned, information relating to the appropriate education of children should be disseminated, and the reporting requirement in the Sexual Offences Act be amended. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Private Law / UPonly

Sections 15 and 16 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amended Act 32 of 2007 regulate consensual sexual acts between children. Both these sections criminalised children engaging in consensual sexual acts. The constitutionality of sections 15 and 16 of the Act where tested before the Constitutional Court by the Teddy Bear Clinic and RAPCAM. The Constitutional Court held that both articles are unconstitutional and ruled that these articles violate children's right to human dignity, privacy and the best interest of the child. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate whether children’s best interests are protected by law when they are involved in consensual sexual conduct. In order to answer this question, the historical background of legislation that regulated consensual sexual acts between children is analysed. Legislation that gives and protects children’s right to self-determination is examined. International instruments are also analysed. The High Court and the Constitutional Court judgements relating to children involved in consensual sexual conducts are discussed. The negative consequences of both these articles are discussed. The best interest principle is discussed according to case law. Ultimately a conclusion is reached. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Sections 15 and 16 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amended Act 32 of 2007 regulate consensual sexual acts between children. Both these sections criminalised children engaging in consensual sexual acts. The constitutionality of sections 15 and 16 of the Act where tested before the Constitutional Court by the Teddy Bear Clinic and RAPCAM. The Constitutional Court held that both articles are unconstitutional and ruled that these articles violate children's right to human dignity, privacy and the best interest of the child. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate whether children’s best interests are protected by law when they are involved in consensual sexual conduct. In order to answer this question, the historical background of legislation that regulated consensual sexual acts between children is analysed. Legislation that gives and protects children’s right to self-determination is examined. International instruments are also analysed. The High Court and the Constitutional Court judgements relating to children involved in consensual sexual conducts are discussed. The negative consequences of both these articles are discussed. The best interest principle is discussed according to case law. Ultimately a conclusion is reached. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

In the thesis a methodology of understanding and explicating Christian faith consistent with the mystery of the simultaneous close connection and radical difference of God, human beings and the physical-organic cosmos environment is been mapped out. The theanthropocosmic principle as an expression of the mystery functions as the heuristic key in opening up the notion of kenosis (and incarnation) of Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit within the scope of the enduring interaction of . The Spirit in the kenotic sense of the word connects and differentiates the overall processes of being and becoming, here and there, now and then of the mystery of the `presences' of God, human beings and the natural cosmic world in being there (Dasein), being thus and thus (Sosein) and being dynamically actual (Aktsein). God acts in terms of the Spirit's operational kenotic presence within the margins of the creatureliness of people and the natural cosmic world as the kenotic clothing of God. A dynamic interpretation of the integral and differential character of being and becoming suggests that making sense of the dynamics of the formation of identities and identification is an ever ongoing endeavour. It implies a continuous process of negotiation whilst experiencing various continuums, remaining open-ended in an ever-increasing sense of wonder and mystery of "exitus a Deo-reditus in Deum". / Systematic Theology and theological Ethics / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)

In John Calvin and Ellen G White’s sense making approaches God’s act of redemption and reconciliation in and through Jesus Christ takes the centre stage in the foursome of God’s acts expressed in the biblical historical timeline as creation, reconciliation in Jesus Christ, renewal through the Holy Spirit and fulfilment at the end of time. While the 16th century Calvin emphasised God’s acts of creation and reconciliation in Christ more than God’s acts of renewal and fulfilment, the 19th century White’s emphasis was more on God’s acts of reconciliation in Christ and fulfilment at the end of time than on creation and renewal through the Spirit. With all the differences in their sense making approaches their central perspectival focus in their writings, sayings and doings is the way God and humanity, heaven and earth are closely connected in a unity without being fused and mixed in Jesus Christ. Their central christological theme of ‘God staying God’ and ‘human staying human’ in an interactional substantialist sense in Christ designates the great alternative view that differs on the one hand, from the view of the trans-substantialist option in which the human being Christ Jesus is in a sacramental-sacred way transformed into ‘a divine human being’ –, and on the other hand, the view of the consubstantialist option in which the human being Jesus is permeated and diffused by his divinity, thereby becoming ‘the human God.’ Calvin and White in their reflection operating within the realm of divine historicity that is staying within the biblical historical timeline from Genesis to Revelation were viewed by many as not theologians in the real sense of the word. Calvin and may be to a greater extent White worked and contributed to the new and emerging field of Faith Studies in which a theologian or theorist of faith cannot reflect on God, human beings or the natural cosmic world in three separate avenues as was commonly the case with speculative and scholastic theologies in history. White’s Faith Studies contribution is in the global arena of theology where the omnipresent ‘–logies’ of mainline church theologies such as Christology, Ecclesiology, Pneumatology and Eschatology hold sway.

O presente estudo tem por escopo analisar o papel desempenhado por Augusto Teixeira de Freitas na preservação da tradição jurídica luso-brasileira, em um ambiente conturbado pela ascensão de novos modelos jurídicos de fundo liberal. Tendo por objeto principal a abordagem da Introdução à Consolidação das Leis Civis, o trabalho tem seu desenvolvimento fundado em uma prévia contextualização histórica por meio da qual se busca demonstrar a inspiração jusracionalista das idéias sistematizadoras do autor. Como resultado das principais modificações implementadas pelas reformas pombalinas da aplicação e do ensino do direito - viabilizadas pela Lei da Boa Razão e pelos Novos Estatutos da Universidade de Coimbra (1772) - a mentalidade jurídica de Augusto Teixeira de Freitas evidencia aspectos de vanguarda quanto à estrutura dogmática empregada; em contrapartida, os estreitos limites oferecidos pelo sistema do direito subsidiário (aos quais se deve acrescentar a influência de Friedrich Karl von Savigny) representavam um fator de refreamento quanto às alterações relativas ao fundo do sistema jurídico privado. Neste panorama dois aspectos metodológicos justificaram a escolha do tema abordado em nosso estudo: em primeiro lugar os limites ao poder de criação de Augusto Teixeira de Freitas, ao ensejo da redação da Consolidação das Leis Civis - lembremo-nos que ao elaborar o Esboço de Código Civil o autor contava com maior liberdade para manusear materiais à vontade; em segundo lugar, o diferente emprego do usus modernus pandectarum em Portugal e no Brasil (no que concerne à eficácia do contrato de compra e venda) a partir do segundo quartel do século XIX. Neste passo procura-se analisar de que modo a convergência das feições conservadora (quanto às leis que mandam) e inovadora (quanto às leis que ensinam) de Augusto Teixeira de Freitas vai explicar a proposta (de promulgação paralela) de um Código Geral e de um Código Civil articulada na Carta dirigida ao Ministro Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada em 20 de setembro de 1867 - ao mesmo tempo em que parece justificar a \"genialidade\" que lhe é freqüentemente atribuída. / Il presente studio ha lo scopo di analizzare il ruolo svolto da Augusto Teixeira de Freitas nella preservazione della tradizione giuridica luso-brasiliana, in un ambiente turbato dall\'ascensione di nuovi modelli giuridici di fondo liberale. Avendo come oggetto principale l\'approccio alla \"Introdução à Consolidação das Leis Civis?\" (Introduzione alla Consolidazione delle Legge Civili), questo saggio ha il suo svolgimento basato in una previa contestualizzazione storica per mezzo della quale s\'intende dimostrare l\'inspirazione giusrazionalista delle idee di sistematizzazione dell\'autore. Come risultato delle principali modifiche implementate dalle riforme di Pombal nell\'applicazione e insegnamento del diritto - propiziate dalla \"Lei da Boa Razão\" (Legge della Buona Ragione) e dai \"Novos Estatutos da Universidade de Coimbra\" (Nuovi Statuti dell\'Università di Coimbra) (1772) - il pensiero giuridico di Augusto Teixeira de Freitas evidenzia aspetti di avanguardia rispetto alla struttura dogmatica impiegata; d\'altra parte, gli stretti limiti presentati dal sistema del diritto sussidiario (ai quali si deve aggiungere l\'influenza di Friedrich Karl von Savigny) rappresentavano un fattore frenatore rispetto alle alterazioni relative al fondo del sistema giuridico privato. In questo panorama due aspetti metodologici giustificano la scelta del tema trattato nel nostro studio: anzitutto, i limiti al potere di creazione di Augusto Teixeira de Freitas, all\'ispirazione della redazione della Consolidação das Leis Civis (Consolidazione delle Legge Civili), - ricordiamoci che nell\'elaborazione del \"Esboço de Código Civil\" (Progetto di Codice Civile) l\'autore aveva più liberta per manipolare materiali liberamente; in secondo posto, il diverso impiego del usus modernus pandectarum in Portogallo ed in Brasile (rispetto all\'efficacia del contratto di compra vendita) a partire dal secondo quarto del secolo XIX. In questi termini si tratta di analizzare in che modo la convergenza degli aspetti conservatore (rispetto alle leggi che ordinano) e innovatore (rispetto alle leggi che insegnano) di Augusto Teixeira de Freitas spiegherà la proposta (di promulgazione parallela) di un Código Geral (Codice Generale) e di un Código Civil (Codice Civile) articolata nella lettera inviata al Ministro Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada il 20 settembre 1867 - allo stesso tempo che sembra giustificare il \"genio\" che gli è spesso attribuito.

In the thesis a methodology of understanding and explicating Christian faith consistent with the mystery of the simultaneous close connection and radical difference of God, human beings and the physical-organic cosmos environment is been mapped out. The theanthropocosmic principle as an expression of the mystery functions as the heuristic key in opening up the notion of kenosis (and incarnation) of Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit within the scope of the enduring interaction of . The Spirit in the kenotic sense of the word connects and differentiates the overall processes of being and becoming, here and there, now and then of the mystery of the `presences' of God, human beings and the natural cosmic world in being there (Dasein), being thus and thus (Sosein) and being dynamically actual (Aktsein). God acts in terms of the Spirit's operational kenotic presence within the margins of the creatureliness of people and the natural cosmic world as the kenotic clothing of God. A dynamic interpretation of the integral and differential character of being and becoming suggests that making sense of the dynamics of the formation of identities and identification is an ever ongoing endeavour. It implies a continuous process of negotiation whilst experiencing various continuums, remaining open-ended in an ever-increasing sense of wonder and mystery of "exitus a Deo-reditus in Deum". / Systematic Theology and theological Ethics / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)