Alternating traditional classroom-based teaching techniques with hands-on learning activities outdoors is beneficial for children of all ages. The purpose of this thesis was to explore whether and how teachers may negotiate the constraints to facilitating hands-on learning opportunities outdoors. A snowball sample was used to identify twelve outdoor educators for semi-structured interviews documenting their characteristics, skills and experiences, perceptions of the constraints to outdoor education and recommendations for building interest in and supporting outdoor education. The findings suggested that participants’ childhood experiences outdoors were influential on their decisions to start teaching outdoor education, and that the participants’ perceptions of the constraints varied dependent on their experiences, objectives and attitudes. The participants’ recommendations were focused on what teachers could do to help themselves and each other to succeed. Altogether, the participants’ experiences suggest that passionate and engaged outdoor educators can have a lasting impact on students’ relationships with the natural world. / October 2016

SOUZA, Francisco Emmanoel Andrade de. Superpartícula de Brink-Schwarz. 2015. 41 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-04-09T19:14:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_feasouza.pdf: 334413 bytes, checksum: 0cdd802691e14a640eef8c0a3aa12b7c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-04-10T20:46:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_feasouza.pdf: 334413 bytes, checksum: 0cdd802691e14a640eef8c0a3aa12b7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-10T20:46:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_feasouza.pdf: 334413 bytes, checksum: 0cdd802691e14a640eef8c0a3aa12b7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / In this work, the pseudo-classical formulation of relativistic and non-relativistic Brinck-Schwarz superparticle is presented. Such a formulation has a portion represented by Grassmann variables that describe the degrees of freedom of spin. During the formulation of the theory, we use the theory of constraints to allow quantization of the system and also we constructed a Lagrangian representing Grassmannian systems. Such a system is invariant under supersymmetry and reparameterizations. The Dirac equation appears as a constrainst of theory. / Neste trabalho, a formulação pseudo-clássica da superpartícula de Brinck-Schwarz relativística e não-relativística é apresentada. Tal formulação possui uma parte representada por variáveis de Grassmann que descrevem os graus de liberdade de spin. Durante a formulação da teoria, utilizou-se a teoria dos vínculos para possibilitar a quantização do sistema e foi construída também uma Lagrangeana que represente sistemas Grassmannianos. Tal sistema é invariante sob supersimetria e reparametrização. A equação de Dirac surge como um vínculo da teoria.

Information systems and information technology are rapidly evolving, and the usage of it at the same pace. In different fields, predictive analysis is used daily. Within the area of e-retail, referring to online retailing, it is used for personalisation and as decision support. There’s a lot of research on how to increase the accuracy of the predictions and different methods for this, however, there’s a lack of research regarding the actions an organisation can take given different predictions. Hence, this master’s study researches what factors affording or constraining value are in relation to the usage of predictive tools given different organisational roles. This thesis is made by a case study with a qualitative approach, following the interpretivism paradigm. The data used in this research comes from document analysis followed by semi-structured interviews to gather additional information about what the document analysis or previous research has not covered. The empirical findings were analysed using thematic analysis and are then discussed in relation to the research questions and theoretical framework, together with what’s previously been stated in the literature. The research questions for this thesis are the following: RQ1: How do different organisational roles affect the actions taken on information from predictive analysis in e-retail? and RQ2: What are the key factors affording or constraining value generation in predictive analysis within e-retail? The empirical findings resulted in six themes, where three are relevant to each research question. The findings suggests that there are four major categories of roles that have similar affordances of predictive analysis, these are customer-, sales and financial operations-, management-, andlastly supply chain and inventory related. When several roles within an organisation use the same prediction tool, there are positive effects such as less biased decisions and improved communication through collaboration. Several factors, both constraining and affording value were found. The main constraining factors are related to technological knowledge and interpreted value as well as trustworthiness. The affording factors are instead the allowance of tying predictions to certain KPIs and the ability to be able to slice into the data to show what’s relevant for the individual. In addition to these factors, some desires for functionality were found. These were, among others, a confidence score of the predictions, prediction for certain goals, and predicted optimal send times for emails in the future. My suggestion for future research is to approach the same problem using another theoretical framework to further enhance a novel field, as well as involving participants with different backgrounds than was used in this thesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3707850 bytes, checksum: ac7f3ffc992b6cdd3ee53234cc8f1db5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent years much has been said about project management and how its contributions are important to the organizations to seek excellence and effectiveness in its undertakings. According to the Project Management Institute (PMI) , it is estimated that 25 % of global GDP are allocated to the projects, featuring increasingly the recognizing and the importance of this methodology and increasing its diffusion. Organizations that adopt this management methodology seek competitive advantages, new job opportunities and even to conquer other markets. But what it is perceived is that many organizations simply cannot meet deadlines in its planning and, in the presence of this scarcity, this dissertation presents the method of time planning on projects called Critical Chain Method, which is the application of the Constraints Theory in the environmental of projects, in a simulation of its applicability in the planning of activities to build an electrical energy sub transmission line of 69,000 volts. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of project management: PERT / CPM and Critical Chain Method (CCPM) in the building of this line. The methodologies adopted were a case study, seeking to understand by documental analyze of records the shape and the behavior of the planning by PERT / CPM and a experimental research, through planning simulation using the Critical Chain Method. In conclusion, this study showed that the CCPM reduces the deadlines and absorbs the deviations, without compromising the delivery of projects, since there are a commitment of the professionals involved and a radical change in the organizational culture of the enterprise analyzed. / Nos últimos anos muito se tem falado a respeito de gerenciamento de projetos e de como as suas contribuições são importantes para as organizações que buscam excelência e efetividade em seus empreendimentos. Segundo o Project Management Institute (PMI), é estimado que 25% do PIB mundial estejam destinados a projetos, caracterizando cada vez mais o reconhecimento e a importância dessa metodologia e aumentando a sua difusão. As organizações que adotam essa metodologia de gerenciamento buscam vantagens competitivas, novas oportunidades de trabalho e até mesmo a conquista de outros mercados. Mas o que se percebe é que muitas organizações simplesmente não conseguem cumprir os prazos estabelecidos em seus planejamentos, e, diante dessa carência, apresenta-se neste trabalho o método de planejamento de tempos em projetos denominado Método da Corrente Crítica, que é a aplicação da Teoria das Restrições no ambiente de projetos, em uma simulação de sua aplicabilidade no planejamento das atividades de construção de uma Linha de Subtransmissão de energia elétrica de 69.000 volts. O objetivo deste estudo foi confrontar dois métodos de gerenciamento de projetos: o PERT/CPM e o Método da Corrente Crítica (CCPM) na construção dessa linha. As metodologias adotadas foram um estudo de caso, buscando entender através da análise documental de registros a forma e o comportamento do planejamento por PERT/CPM, e uma pesquisa experimental, por meio de uma simulação de planejamento utilizando o Método da Corrente Crítica. Como conclusão, este trabalho mostrou que o método CCPM reduz os prazos e absorve os desvios, sem comprometer a entrega dos projetos, desde que existam um comprometimento dos profissionais envolvidos e uma mudança radical na cultura organizacional da empresa analisada.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Neste trabalho, a formulaÃÃo pseudo-clÃssica da superpartÃcula de Brinck-Schwarz relativÃstica e nÃo-relativÃstica à apresentada. Tal formulaÃÃo possui uma parte representada por variÃveis de Grassmann que descrevem os graus de liberdade de spin. Durante a formulaÃÃo da teoria, utilizou-se a teoria dos vÃnculos para possibilitar a quantizaÃÃo do sistema e foi construÃda tambÃm uma Lagrangeana que represente sistemas Grassmannianos. Tal sistema à invariante sob supersimetria e reparametrizaÃÃo. A equaÃÃo de Dirac surge como um vÃnculo da teoria. / In this work, the pseudo-classical formulation of relativistic and non-relativistic Brinck-Schwarz superparticle is presented. Such a formulation has a portion represented by Grassmann variables that describe the degrees of freedom of spin. During the formulation of the theory, we use the theory of constraints to allow quantization of the system and also we constructed a Lagrangian representing Grassmannian systems. Such a system is invariant under supersymmetry and reparameterizations. The Dirac equation appears as a constrainst of theory.

The purpose of the study was to thematically map and describe what motives and factors previous ice hockey women experienced as contributing to their dropout from ice hockey. The study involved 15 interviewees; women aged 17–42 (M = 23.3 SD = 6,8) where all participants previously played ice hockey but have now chosen to quit. In the study, interviews were conducted with all participants and the participants had been active in ice hockey between 3 and 24 years (Average = 13.3). The result was analyzed via a thematic analysis. The results show that the participants experience several different intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints as contributing reasons for terminated sports participation (i.e., negative emotions, low competence, coach's behavior, teammates' behaviors, and financial constraints). To reduce the number of dropouts from sports, federations, clubs, and districts are recommended, among other things, to work to increase coaches' knowledge of psychological and psychosocial aspects to create better and more pleasant environments in women's hockey. This together with strengthening the participants' three basic needs (competence, autonomy & relatedness). Future research in the field is recommended to focus on a broader societal perspective and how it is related to dropouts from sports. / Syftet med studien var att tematiskt kartlägga och beskriva vilka motiv och faktorer tidigare ishockeykvinnor upplevde bidragande till deras avhopp från ishockey. Studien involverade 15 intervjuade; kvinnor i åldrarna 17–42 år (M = 23,3 SD = 6,8) där samtliga deltagare tidigare spelat ishockey men nu har valt att sluta. I studien genomfördes intervjuer med samtliga deltagare och deltagarna hade varit aktiva i ishockey mellan 3 och 24 år (genomsnitt = 13,3). Resultatet analyserades via en tematisk analys. Resultaten visar att deltagarna upplever flera olika intrapersonella, interpersonella och strukturella begränsningar som bidragande orsaker till avslutat idrottsdeltagande (ex. negativa känslor, låg kompetens, tränares beteende,lagkamraters beteende och ekonomiska begränsningar). För att minska antalet bortfall från idrott rekommenderas förbund, klubbar och distrikt bland annat att arbeta för att öka tränarnas kunskap om psykologiska och psykosociala aspekter för att skapa bättre och trevligare miljöer inom damhockey. Detta tillsammans med att stärka deltagarna tre grundläggande behov (kompetens, autonomi och tillhörighet). Framtida forskning inom området rekommenderas att fokusera på ett bredare samhällsperspektiv och hur det är relaterat till bortfall från idrott.