Orientador: Fernando Bernardi de Souza / Banca: Gilberto Miller Devos Ganga / Banca: Daniel Jugend / Resumo: Tendo como base o reconhecimento que os métodos Teoria das Restrições (theory of Constraints - TOC), Produção Enxuta (Lean Production - LP) e o Seis Sigma (Six Sigma - SS) possuem características complementares que podem potencializá-los quando utilizados em conjunto, algumas empresas relatam experiências de aplicação concomitantes destes método. Entretanto, o desafio de obter melhores resultados levaram pesquisadores e profissionais a buscarem melhores soluções, resultando, entre outras, em iniciativas de integração. Conhecidas como Integração TLS, estas iniciativas vêm procurando encontrar soluções que permitem compatibilizar características muitas vezes conflitantes entre elas, encontrando um modelo que as unifiquem. O objetivo prinicpal deste trabalho é realizar uma pesquisa de cunho fundamentalmente teórico que investigue tais modelos, avaliando suas características e identificando como tal integração foi viabilizada. A pesquisa teórica é complementada por uma pesquisa de campo com a aplicação de questionários para os autores dos modelos de integração, para as empresas que realizam a implantação dos modelos de integração e para as empresas praticantes da Integração TLS. Esta pesquisa foi direcionada para avaliação dos cinco modelos existentes de Integração TSL, não considerando eventuais integrações com outros métodos de gestão. Também se buscou encontrar na literatura relatos de casos de aplicação destes modelos. Cinco modelos foram identificados, nos quais se constatou que a base de todos eles é a proposição de um proposição de um processo focalizado de melhoria contínua, com papeis bem definidos para cada método que os constitui. Ao final da pesquisa teórica e pesquisa de campo é proposto um modelo de Integração TLS, concretizando as etapas do método de pesquisa de desenvolvimento teórico conceitual / Abstract: Based on the recognition that the methods Theory of Constraints (TOC), Lean Production (LP) and Six Sigma (SS) have complementary characteristics that can empower them when used together, some companies report these experiences concomitant application method . However, the challenge of getting better results led researchers and practitioners to seek better solutions , resulting, among others, in integration initiatives. Integration known as TLS, these iniatives are seeking to find solutions to reconcile often conflicting features between them, finding a model that unify. The main objective of this paper is to research largely theoretical slant to investigate such models, assessing their characteristics and identifying how such integration was made possible. Theoretical research is complemented by a field survey with questionnaires to the authors of integration models for companies that perform the deployment and integration models for business practitioners Integration TLS. This research was concluded to evalue the five existing models Integration TLS, without considering future integration with other management methods. We also sought to find in the literature reports of applications of these models. Five models were identified, of which it was found that the basis of all of them is the proposition of a focused continuous process improvement, with well-defined roles for each method that is. At the end of the theoretical research and field research is proposed a model of integration. TLS, implemeting the steps of the method of theoretical conceptual development research / Mestre

As atividades de transporte rodoviário de cargas têm evoluído ao passo em que o mercado exige serviços diferenciados, no que se refere a velocidade, confiabilidade, com custos compatíveis. Circunstâncias que condicionam as empresas prestadoras que atuam no ramo de transportes empenhar esforços na melhoria dos seus processos de gestão, tencionando posicionar-se em um cenário competitivo. Conhecer os processos de maneira sistêmica possibilita tomada de decisões mais assertivas e para tanto, compreender as restrições oriundas das adversidades do mercado e ou perdas que advenham dos procedimentos organizacionais são itens fundamentais para a melhoria da gestão organizacional. Nesta perspectiva, esta dissertação objetivou compreender restrições e perdas no contexto do transporte rodoviário de cargas, tomando como adágio as Teorias das Restrições e o Sistema Toyota de Produção. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido estudo com natureza da pesquisa aplicada, abordagem qualitativa, exploratório e com procedimento técnico estudo de caso. Por meio da categorização, foi possível identificar e analisar informações que em última instância, atenderam os objetivos propostos neste estudo. Os elementos com mais influxo, foram a ruptura na comunicação entre o comando tático da matriz para com as operações de cada uma das unidades estratégicas de negócio, a gestão dos processos de forma eficiente e eficaz entre unidades e as perdas oriundas de avaria, erros de aferição e descaminhos de mercadorias. Os resultados apurados, apontam para as esferas empresarial e acadêmica, por meio da identificação de restrições e perdas, plausíveis de tomada de decisão, melhorias na organização e contribuição científica. / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS / The road transport activities has improved in regarding of market requirements for premium services, what includes speed, reliability, with compatible costs. Some conditions that affect companies that operate in transport sector induces to engage efforts in management process improvements, intending to position themselves in a competitive environment. Knowing the processes in a systemically way enables to make more assertive decisions, and to do so, understand the constraints arising from market adversities and/or losses coming from organizational procedures are essential keys for organizational management improvements. In this perspective, this dissertation aims to understand the constraints and losses in the context of road transport, taking as adage on Theory of Constraints and on Toyota Production System, therefore, was developed a study with applied research essence, qualitative approach, exploratory and technical procedure case study. Through the categorizing, it was possible to identify and analyze information that in the last instance, met the objectives proposed in this study. The elements with most influx were the breakdown in communication between the tactical command of the headquarters towards the operations of each strategic business units, the management of process in an efficient and effective way between units and losses in regarding to damages, measurement errors and waywardness of goods. The results obtained aim to the business and academic environment, by identifying constraints and losses, improvements on making plausible decisions in the organization and scientific contribution.

D.Phil. (Leadership in Performance and Change) / The desire for organisational competitiveness as a result of factors such as the changing and increasing needs of customers, deregulation, the globalisation of the economy and work, the increasing competition due to globalisation, the need to control costs and increase efficiency, as well as the fast pace of technological advancement, has compelled organisations to embark on changes that take place at a fast and ever-increasing rate. However, it was noted that organisations are not at all succeeding in implementing and institutionalising change initiatives effectively. There is a high failure rate in the implementation of transformational change efforts, and this is attributed to the fact that managers are not well-equipped to deal with challenges associated with the implementation of transformational changes in organisations. As a result of the high failure rate in change implementation, there had been a number of empirical studies conducted, which investigated reasons behind this low success rate. Unfortunately very few studies have focused on the human side of transformational change. Most of the researches have dwelt more on the technical side of change. This quantitative study was then conducted in order to identify and explore the elements and dynamics of transformational change, which can be regarded as constituting the human dimension of transformational change. Specifically, the main objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the elements and dynamics of transformational change (that is, perceptions, reactions, experiences, personal impact, and organisational impact) relate to the status of the change process. This research adopted a two-pronged approach, which incorporated a literature study first, and thereafter an empirical study. The literature study contextualised the elements and dynamics of transformational change within the Correctional Services environment. An overview of transformational change in the Department of Correctional Services was also provided. Based on the results of the literature study, a theoretical model, which hypothesised the relationships between perceptions and experience on one side, and the status of change on the other, was developed and empirically tested. The empirical data was collected by means of two survey questionnaires – one for correctional officials and the other for offenders, which were administered to 1000 correctional officials and 500 offenders. Methodologically, the study was guided by an exploratory, survey, descriptive, correlational and explanatory research designs, which were underpinned by ontological and epistemological perspectives. All completed and returned questionnaires were computed to analyse the responses of the respondents. The results of the analysis of data showed that the DCS change was characterised by positive perceptions; positive, negative and introspective-anxious experiences; negative responses in terms of emotional reactions and resistance; negative personal impact at intrapersonal and interpersonal levels; and positive organisational impact as the key aspects of the elements and dynamics of transformational change. The discussion in this thesis revolves around the above-named elements and dynamics of transformational change. Through performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, a three-factor measurement model which encompassed perception, experience and the status of change, was identified and confirmed. The structural equation modelling found that both perceptions and experiences were the predictors of the status of change.

South Africa endorsed a world trade accord ratified in Geneva on December 13, 1993. To promote world economic growth, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) aimed to slash duties on 8000 categories of manufactured goods. Tariff barriers have declined significantly and are now approaching trivial levels (Hill, 1999, p163). Unfortunately, South Africa is ranked near the bottom of the World Competitiveness Report (Cheales, 1995, p8). Increased foreign competition has caused many South African companies to search for techniques that will improve their overall performance. Unless these techniques can be identified and implemented timeously, some companies may fail to remain competitive. This research addresses the lack of awareness in the Eastern Cape (SA) and utilisation of two techniques used successfully in the USA (and elsewhere in developed countries) namely, Constraint Management and simulation. The overall objective was to develop a method of convincing industry management of the benefits of the two techniques. The approach adopted was to use simulation to prove Constraint Management. To achieve this objective a comprehensive literature survey was performed to determine the logic of each technique and the associated benefits. The next step was to determine the levels of awareness among industry practitioners and managers. Managers, engineers and academics were requested to complete questionnaires in order to determine awareness and utilisation of each technique as well as factors that prevented the application of both. The simulation modeling process was examined in order to verify the logic of simulation and a model of a manufacturing system was developed. Constraint Management principles were then applied to the model in a series of experiments. This process was then developed into a manual that could be used to address the lack of awareness and utilisation of both Constraint Management and simulation. The manual was tested on a group of BTech students and industry practitioners in order to establish whether its use would be effective in raising awareness, understanding and utilisation. The outcome was positive and it was established that this technique was effective.

Network theory has been widely and successfully used to model, analyse and visualise complex systems. This study aimed to develop approaches to analyse complex integrated sugarcane supply and processing systems. A literature review includes network theory, complex systems, the Theory of constraints, indicator analysis and root cause analysis. The cause-and-effect networks of four sugarcane milling areas in South Africa; viz. Eston, Felixton, Komati and Umfolozi were developed, where the factors that negatively affected the performance of the milling areas were represented by vertices, the relationships among the factors by arcs and the strength of these relationships by weights. Three network theory based analytical tools namely; (a) primary influence vertex analysis, (b) indicator vertex analysis and (c) root cause vertex analysis were developed to analyse the networks. The results from the analyses indicate variations in the numbers and strengths of primary influence factors, problem indicator factors and root causes of problems between the four milling areas. Rainfall, drought and high soil content in sugarcane were identified as the strongest primary influences in the respective milling areas. High crush rate variability, low cutter productivity, running behind allocation and increases in operating costs were identified as the strongest indicators of poor performance in the respective milling areas. Rainfall was found to be the most dominating root cause of poor performance in all the milling areas. Since the South African integrated sugarcane production and processing system is complex, it is likely that the unique approaches developed in this study can be used successfully to also analyse other relatively complex systems. It is recommended that these approaches be tested within other systems. The main contribution of this study is in the form of a relatively easy-to-use network theory based comprehensive systems analyses tool. This analytical approach has, to the author's knowledge, not been used in any agri-industrial application previously. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 maciel_mr_me_bauru.pdf: 1930775 bytes, checksum: dbddb8110bec5711cf48bb47cc114131 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Um dos aspectos que mais contribui para o cenário competitivo é a gestão da produção das empresas. As organizações enfrentam grandes mudanças e diversas são as abordagens que estão sendo aplicadas visando vantagens competitivas. Entre estas abordagens destaca-se a Teoria das Restrições, do original em inglês Theory of Constraints (TOC), cujas técnicas de gestão da produção, nela baseadas reconhecem o importante papel das restrições do sistema e tem como foco melhorar o fluxo produtivo. Tais técnicas partem de premissas nem sempre facilmente compreendidas por alunos ou pessoas ligadas às organizações, o que parece favorecer a utilização de formas não convencionais de ensino, como aplicação de jogos ou simuladores. Contudo, tais jogos ou simuladores atualmente disponíveis os quais foram pesquisados neste trabalho não contemplam os conceitos mais atuais de planejamento e controle da produção baseados na TOC, em especial aqueles relacionados aos métodos Tambor-Pulmão-Corda Simplificado (TPC-S) e GP (Gerenciamento de Pulmao) aplicados em sistemas de produção para estoque, denominados de Produção para Disponibilidade (Make to Availability - MTA). Assim, esse trabalho visa levantar as funcionalidades necessárias para que tal software obtenha êxito no ensino da abordagem MTA, assim como em desenvolvê-lo e elaborar um plano de aula para demonstrar sua utilização / One of the aspects contributes most to the competitive scenario is the management of production of the companies. Organizations are facing major changes and there are several approaches being implemented in order to advantage. These approaches there is the Theory of Constraints (TOC), whose production management techniques based on it recognize the important role of system constraints and focuses enhance the production flow. These techiniques depart from the premises do not always easily understood by students or people associated with organizations, which appears to favor the use of unconventional forms of education such as the application or game simulators. However, such games or simulators available which were investigated in this work don't include the latest concepts of production planning and control based on TOC, especially those related to methods Drum-Buffer-Rope Simplified and Buffer Management applied in production systems for stock, called make to availability - MTA. Thus, this paper aims to raise the necessary features for such software is successful in teaching approach MTA, as well as develop it and develop a lesson plan to demonstrate its use

Verifica-se uma crescente necessidade de gerenciar melhor a execução de obras de construção civil. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como enfoque demonstrar a aplicabilidade de uma nova metodologia de gerenciamento de projetos, baseada na Teoria das Restrições, chamada de Gerenciamento de Projetos por Corrente Crítica (CCPM), a fim de auxiliar a gestão de obras. A metodologia da pesquisa foi realizada por meio da pesquisa-ação na obra de uma construtora de médio porte, com duas fases de implementação da CCPM. Na primeira fase, formulou-se o planejamento do processo de construção de dois sobrados geminados. Após detalhamento do cronograma de atividades, a CCPM foi implementada e os resultados foram analisados. Na segunda fase, buscou-se entender e melhorar o processo de execução, na tentativa de eliminar ou reduzir os obstáculos identificados na primeira fase. Os resultados obtidos na segunda fase evidenciaram que a abordagem da CCPM aumentou o foco da equipe nas atividades; apresentou um controle simples e visual do andamento da obra; motivou as pessoas e o trabalho em equipe; aumentou a produtividade e reduziu a multitarefa nas atividades. No entanto, exigiu tempo de preparação e dedicação para realização do planejamento, mudança de hábitos, cultura e pensamento, além da necessidade de obtenção de consenso entre os envolvidos. / There is a growing need to improve management in civil construction. Therefore this work focuses on demonstrating the applicability of a new project management methodology, based on the Theory of Constraints, called Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM), which can collaborates with civil construction management. The research method was an action research in a medium company with two implementation phases. In the first phase, the construction of two semi-detached houses planning was formulated and the results were analyzed. The second phase was to understand and improve the implementation process in an attempt to eliminate or reduce the problems identified at the first phase. The second phase results showed that the CCPM approach increased the team's focus, presented a simple and visual control of the work status, motivated people and teamwork; increased productivity and reduced the multitasking. However, the process required time and dedication for the planning, changed habits, culture and thoughts, besides that it required consensus among stakeholders.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Distell Group limited is South Africa's leading producer and marketer of fine wines, spirits and ready-to-drinks. The wine division has been confronted with limitations on pressing capacity for a number of years. Sales of Distell wine brands are projected to grow substantially, in particular in the premium and super premium categories. Therefore a need for increase sUstainable supply of wine was created. The objective of this study was to increase the throughput in Distell wineries significantly, without or with minimal cash investment, by applying the principles of a combined supply chain strategy. To achieve this, the study needed to allow for the analysis of various scenarios, and indicate where the various constraints were within the process. Theory of constraint, which is a management philosophy aiming to continually achieve more of the system's goal was applied to the Distell situation. The focus points were to create value for the organisation, with collaboration between grape farmers and the wineries. It was necessary to follow a process of data capturing, and the data obtained from the various sources in 2008 was combined into one database to develop a capacity evaluation model. There is no doubt that the Distell wineries as a group, improved their efficiency over the last number of years, with effective management of the individual wineries. There is however enough evidence to support the change to a combined supply chain strategy, which could unlock more total benefits than the individual management. It is clear from the findings in this study that not all the current available capacity is fully utilised. This study found that the white process in Distell was working at a higher than required rate of the set capacity targets, and would need substantial capital investment to increase throughput. The red process indicated opportunities for increase throughput in the total system. It is possible to increase total throughput and maintain quality for Distell wineries. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Distell is een van Suid Afrika se grootste produseerders en bemarkers van hoe gehalte wyn, spiritus produkte en alkoholiese drankies. Die wynkelder omgewing ervaar al vir 'n geruime tyd kapasiteit tekorte. Die vraag na Distell wynhandelsmerke verwag om 'n konstante groei te toon oor die volgende paar jare, veral op die premium en super premium katogoriee. Oit veroorsaak 'n groeiende behoefte vir die volhoubare voorsiening van wyn, binne die maatskapy. Die doel van die studie was om produksie te verhoog binne die Distell kelders, met min of geen kapitale beleging, deur 'n holistiese strategie te volg ten opsigte van die bestuur van die waardeketting. Die studie het verskeie alternatiewe ondersoek met die doe I om die beperkings in die proses te identifiseer en te ontleed. Die bestuurs filosofie 'Theory of constraint' is toegepas, waar daar gestreef word om meer te bereik, van die mikpunt wat ge5tel is vir 'n spesifieke proses. Die hoofdoel van die maatskapy was om waarde te skep, deur samewerking tussen druiwe produsente en die verskiliende Distell kelders. Die nodige data vir die ontleding van die beskikbare kapasiteit is verkry gedurende die 2008 seisoen. Die inligting is saamgevoeg in een data-stel, en 'n kapasiteitsmodel is ontwikkel. Daar is geen twyfel dat Disteli kelders as 'n groep hul doeltreffenheid verbeter het, deur die individueele prosesse te bestuur. Die studie lewer egter genoeg bewyse dat daar 'n groter potensieeHe voordeel is, indien die proses op 'n holistiese waardekettingstrategie bestuur sal word. Die studie lewer bewyse dat die huidige beskikbare kapasiteit nog nie optimaal benut word nie. Die verwerking van druiwe in die witwyn proses vind plaas teen 'n hoer kapasiteitsbenutting as wat waarvoor beplan was. Om enige verdere witdruiwe volumes te hanteer, sal tot groot kapitale besteding lei. Die rooiwyn proses wys daar is ruimte vir verbetering, sonder groot kapitale spandering. Die studie het gevind dat die totale proses meer volumes rooidruiwe kan hanteer, en steeds voldoen aan die nodige kwaliteit vereistes.

Orientador: Fernando Bernardi de Souza / Banca: Kleber Francisco Esposto / Banca: Renato de Campos / Resumo: Um dos aspectos que mais contribui para o cenário competitivo é a gestão da produção das empresas. As organizações enfrentam grandes mudanças e diversas são as abordagens que estão sendo aplicadas visando vantagens competitivas. Entre estas abordagens destaca-se a Teoria das Restrições, do original em inglês Theory of Constraints (TOC), cujas técnicas de gestão da produção, nela baseadas reconhecem o importante papel das restrições do sistema e tem como foco melhorar o fluxo produtivo. Tais técnicas partem de premissas nem sempre facilmente compreendidas por alunos ou pessoas ligadas às organizações, o que parece favorecer a utilização de formas não convencionais de ensino, como aplicação de jogos ou simuladores. Contudo, tais jogos ou simuladores atualmente disponíveis os quais foram pesquisados neste trabalho não contemplam os conceitos mais atuais de planejamento e controle da produção baseados na TOC, em especial aqueles relacionados aos métodos Tambor-Pulmão-Corda Simplificado (TPC-S) e GP (Gerenciamento de Pulmao) aplicados em sistemas de produção para estoque, denominados de Produção para Disponibilidade (Make to Availability - MTA). Assim, esse trabalho visa levantar as funcionalidades necessárias para que tal software obtenha êxito no ensino da abordagem MTA, assim como em desenvolvê-lo e elaborar um plano de aula para demonstrar sua utilização / Abstract: One of the aspects contributes most to the competitive scenario is the management of production of the companies. Organizations are facing major changes and there are several approaches being implemented in order to advantage. These approaches there is the Theory of Constraints (TOC), whose production management techniques based on it recognize the important role of system constraints and focuses enhance the production flow. These techiniques depart from the premises do not always easily understood by students or people associated with organizations, which appears to favor the use of unconventional forms of education such as the application or game simulators. However, such games or simulators available which were investigated in this work don't include the latest concepts of production planning and control based on TOC, especially those related to methods Drum-Buffer-Rope Simplified and Buffer Management applied in production systems for stock, called make to availability - MTA. Thus, this paper aims to raise the necessary features for such software is successful in teaching approach MTA, as well as develop it and develop a lesson plan to demonstrate its use / Mestre

Cette recherche en ergonomie porte sur le travail d’articulation des dimensions sociales et économiques des entreprises sous-tendant la conception d’ordonnancements du personnel robustes dans un contexte social sensible.Le plus souvent considérée comme un levier de flexibilité par les entreprises, les apports croisés de la littérature en GRH et en ergonomie a permis de considérer l’ordonnancement comme une activité de management de ressources « distribué », soulevant ainsi des enjeux liés à la fois aux dimensions économiques et sociales des entreprises (santé, compétences, formation, satisfaction des agents). L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’apporter des éléments de compréhension sur ce travail multifacette d’articulation et sur son évaluation, et ce faisant de définir la robustesse des ordonnancements.Pour appréhender cette activité, répartie entre trois niveaux différents (stratégique, tactique, opérationnel), six types de recueils de données ont été réalisés : des entretiens semi-directifs, des observations de l’activité des ordonnanceurs du niveau tactique, des groupes de travail métiers et inter-métiers, ainsi que des entretiens d’auto-confrontation outillés par des plannings réalisés.Les résultats mettent en évidence une construction dynamique de la robustesse, comme étant le résultat des stratégies mises en œuvre par les ordonnanceurs des différents niveaux. A partir de la gestion de contraintes de nature humaine et opérationnelle, les stratégies de construction de la robustesse reposent sur les connaissances qu’ont les ordonnanceurs de la réglementation, du processus, des autres ordonnanceurs et des agents commerciaux. Les ordonnancements robustes prennent différentes formes (stable ou flexible, immédiate ou différée) et doivent permettre de résister aux aléas mais aussi de construire de marges de manœuvre pour le futur.Les retombées de notre recherche portent sur la définition de la robustesse dans le champ de l’ordonnancement du personnel, sur l’activité de conception distribuée inter-métiers et à l’identification des conditions favorables à la conception de tels ordonnancements. / This research in ergonomics focuses on the design of robust personnel schedules in a sensitive social context, based on the articulation work between the social and economic dimensions of companies .it is often seen as a lever for flexibility by companies. Research in ergonomics and human resources management shows that it possible to consider scheduling as a "distributed" resource management activity, which raises issues related to both the economic and social dimensions of companies (health, skills, training, agent satisfaction). Our objectives are to understand how schedulers articulate theses dimensions, evaluate this work, and to define the robustness on scheduling.To understand this activity, divided between three different levels (strategic, tactical, operational), six types of data collection were carried out: semi-directive interviews, observations of the activity of planners at the tactical level, business and inter-business working groups, as well as self-confrontation interviews based on achieved schedules.The robustness is dynamically built from the constraint management strategies of schedulers. These are based on the schedulers’ knowledge : of regulations, of process, of other schedulers and commercial agents. Robustness takes different forms (stable or flexible, immediate or delayed) and must make it possible to resist disruptions but also to build room for manœuvre for the future.The impact of our research is related to the definition of robustness on personnel scheduling, to the joint collective activity and to the identification of the conditions in favour of robustness’ construction.