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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
281

Remedies for the breach of a commercial contract for the sale of goods : a comparative analysis between the English Sale of Goods Act 1979 and the Contract of Sale of Goods in Saudi Law

Alkhadhari, Abdulwahab January 2018 (has links)
This thesis focuses on remedies for a breach of the Contract of Sale of Goods under English and Saudi law, wherever the Contract is in the course of business. The primary aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse those remedies and how each of the above legal regimes has dealt with breaches. For this purpose, the remedies must be analysed to identify differences and similarities between the two regimes, while at the same time highlighting the weaknesses and strengths of each. In addition, the reasons why the two legal systems have adopted their respective approaches in favouring specific remedies will be considered, in order to determine whether there are any differences in the underlying legal principles affecting the de facto results for the Buyer and Seller. In so doing, the aim is to provide a detailed and ingenious analysis, which may be of assistance in understanding each regime.
282

Administração de contrato em projetos de construção pesada no Brasil: um estudo da interface com o processo de análise do risco. / Contract administration in heavy construction projects in Brazil: a study of the interface with risk analysis process.

Ricardino, Roberto 26 July 2007 (has links)
Tomando por hipótese fatores e habilidades influentes na gestão de projetos e de contratos, esta dissertação tem por objetivo propor um conjunto mínimo de procedimentos que oriente o planejamento da Administração de Contrato, com base no gerenciamento de riscos. Partindo de uma revisão da literatura sobre os processos de administração de contratos e de riscos, o trabalho discute a sua interface e investiga os pontos de vista das partes compradora e vendedora que celebram contratos de obras do setor da construção pesada, aqui representadas por duas organizações com forte presença no mercado brasileiro. Também é apresentado e discutido um método de análise e estruturação de contratos. O trabalho revela os principais requisitos do planejamento da Administração de Contrato. / Assuming influential factors and skills on project and contract management, the aim of this dissertation is to propose a minimum set of procedures to serve as guidance on Contract Administration planning, based on risk management. Grounded in a review of the literature on contract and risk management processes, this work discusses its interface and examines the viewpoints of the buying and selling parties that sign contracts of projects in the heavy construction industry, herein represented by two companies that play a significant role in the Brazilian market. In addition, a contract analysis and structuring method is presented and discussed. This work shows the main requirements of Contract Administration planning.
283

Os contratos de EPC : entre tipicidade e atipicidade

Seibert, Guilherme January 2017 (has links)
O presente trabalho analisa a qualificação do tipo social do contrato de EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) na ordem jurídica brasileira em face do tipo legal do contrato de empreitada. Investiga-se, portanto, a existência de identidade ou diferença entre ambos os tipos a fim de que se possa dar ao EPC a devida qualificação jurídica. Para isso, no Capítulo I, são apresentados os caracteres gerais dos contratos de construção, com foco na delimitação do espaço normativo específico ocupado pelo contrato de empreitada. No Capítulo II, apresenta-se o Contrato de EPC. São delineadas suas principais características gerais para que, em um segundo momento, possa-se aprofundar a análise a partir do emprego do método tipológico. Por fim, no Capítulo III, demonstra-se a forma como o regulamento dos contratos atípicos mistos em geral é construído para, posteriormente, analisar-se a formação do regulamento do EPC em seus principais pontos. / The present work analyzes the qualification of the social type of the EPC Contract (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) in the Brazilian legal order in consideration with the legal type of the works and supply contract. It is therefore investigated the existence of an identity or difference between the two contractual types in order to give the EPC the appropriate legal status. For this purpose, in Chapter I the general characteristics of construction contracts are presented, focusing on the delimitation of the specific normative space occupied by the works and supply contract. In Chapter II, the EPC Contract is presented. Its main general characteristics are presented so that, in a second moment, one can deepen the analysis using the typological method. Finally, Chapter III demonstrates the way in which the regulation of mixed atypical contracts in general is constructed, so that it can be analyzed the formation of the EPC regulation in its main points.
284

Dano moral por inadimplemento contratual e suas consequências / Moral damage for contract breach and its consequences

Braz, Alex Trevisan 09 April 2014 (has links)
Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar o dano moral decorrente do descumprimento do contrato. O contrato é firmado para que seja cumprido, nem sempre, porém, o é. Do descumprimento do avençado surgem diferentes consequências e o que essa pesquisa pretende esclarecer é que uma dessas consequências pode ser a lesão moral. Através da análise da figura do contrato, dos efeitos de seu descumprimento e do instituto do dano moral, o estudo buscará comprovar que a quebra contratual pode ocasionar danos de diferentes naturezas, inclusive, o de natureza moral. Na verdade, independentemente da origem do dano moral, se no descumprimento do contrato, ou não, a lesão dessa natureza é reparável. A pesquisa pretende, ainda, propor a reunião de determinados contratos, cujo descumprimento comumente causa danos morais, na categoria dos contratos morais. Esses contratos possuem características comuns que os tornam potenciais causadores de danos morais, quando descumpridos. Por fim, fora realizada pesquisa junto ao Superior Tribunal de Justiça no intuito de evidenciar o cenário jurisprudencial acerca do tema. Tal levantamento evidenciou o estabelecimento naquela Corte de uma regra da excepcionalidade do dano moral no caso de descumprimento do contrato, regra essa que, como será demonstrado, não parece aceitável. / This study aims to analyze the moral damage resulting from breach of contract. The contract is to be fulfilled, not always, however, it is. The breach of contract has different consequences and what this research intends to clarify is that one of these consequences can be moral damage. Through the analysis of the contract, breach´s effects and the figure of moral damage, the study will seek to prove that the breach of contract may cause damages of different natures, including the moral one. In fact, regardless of the source of moral damages, whether it results from event of failure to comply with any obligation set forth in the contract or not, such injury is repairable. The research also intends to propose an arrangement of certain contracts that whenever breached, usually causes moral damages, in the category of \'moral contracts\'. These contracts have common characteristics that make them potential cause of moral damage, when breached. A research in the Superior Court was also conducted to demonstrate the jurisprudential scenario on the subject. This research showed that the Court established a moral damage exceptionality rule in cases of violation of contract. This rule, however, as will be shown, does not seem acceptable .
285

A onerosidade excessiva no Direito Civil brasileiro / Hardship in the Brazilian civil Law

Cardoso, Luiz Philipe Tavares de Azevedo 02 June 2010 (has links)
Esta dissertação tem como tema a onerosidade excessiva no direito civil brasileiro. Primeiramente, fazem-se necessários uma noção inicial da figura, uma delimitação conceitual do problema e uma síntese de seu desenvolvimento histórico no direito civil brasileiro. Feito isso, são apresentadas as teorias utilizadas para sua fundamentação pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência brasileiras antes do advento de texto legal expresso sobre a matéria. Concluída essa fase preparatória, adentra-se no direito positivo vigente, precisamente no Código Civil, para explicar o conteúdo da onerosidade excessiva, de seus pressupostos e de suas conseqüências. São diretamente estudados os artigos 478, 479, 480, 317 e ainda outros específicos de alguns tipos contratuais. São abordados ainda alguns tópicos correlatos que finalizam o entendimento da matéria, como os pressupostos negativos da figura, sua incidência em contratos de sinalagma indireto e nos contratos aleatórios e as diferenças nos pressupostos para sua configuração no Código de Defesa do Consumidor. / The theme of this dissertation is known in english as hardship, which means the fundamental alteration of the equilibrium of the contract. Firstly, it is necessary to make an introductional notion of the figure, a conceptual delineation of the problem and a summary of its historical evolution in the brazilian civil law. After that, it is presented the theories used by authors and courts to reason the solution of the problem before the existence of legal text about the issue. Then, we study the related articles of the Brazilian Civil Code to explain the content of hardship, the content of its requirements, and the content of its consequences. The articles 478, 479, 480, 317 are directly studied, and also other articles from particular named contracts. Some related issues finalize the understanding of the theme, as the negative requirements of the figure, its incidence in some particular categories of contracts, and the difference of its requirements in the Consumer Defense Code.
286

Contract-farming : a case study of sunflower farming in the Bojanala district of the North West Province

Raphala, Balefilwe Solomon January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2007
287

SKÄLIGT ELLER OSKÄLIGT? : - Gränsdragningsproblem vid en marknadsrättslig bedömning av oskälighet - i avtalsvillkor på delar av bredband- och digital-TV-marknaden. / FAIR OR UNFAIR? : - Distinction and boundary problems in terms of contract on parts of the broadband- and digital-TV-market - a commercial law assessment of unfairness

Edman, Anders, Prochazka, Andreas, Antman, Lena January 2006 (has links)
<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Bredbands- och digital-TV-marknaden växer kraftigt och det är av stor betydelse ur konsumentsynpunkt att företagen tillämpar skäliga avtalsvillkor. I denna uppsats granskas ett antal standardavtal utfärdade av företagen på respektive marknad. Företagen vars villkor vi analyserar är Universal Telecom, Glocalnet och Tyfon Svenska AB som tillhandahåller bredbandstjänster, samt Viasat, Boxer och Canal Digital, som levererar digital-TV. Det rör sig i dessa fall om ensidigt upprättade standardavtal där konsumenten inte har möjlighet till individuell förhandling. Syftet med uppsatsen är att bringa klarhet i hur man går tillväga vid en oskälighetsbedömning av villkor i standardavtal riktade till konsumenter samt vilken lagstiftning som till övervägande del används inom området. Vi vill även utreda om dessa avtal innehåller oskäliga avtalsvillkor samt i förekommande fall presentera vilka slags oskäliga avtalsvillkor det rör sig om.</p><p>Vid en oskälighetsbedömning skall hänsyn tas till god sed, tvingande konsumentskyddande lagstiftning, allmänna tvingande rättsprinciper, dispositiv lag samt om obalans uppkommer till följd av en avtalsbestämmelse. Avtalsvillkoren får heller inte vara vilseledande eller otydligt utformade.</p><p>De lagar som främst tillämpas på dessa marknader är AVLK, EkomL, KkL och KtjL. De två sistnämnda lagarna är dock inte direkt tillämpliga utan får tillämpas analogt.</p><p>Vid ingången av arbetet misstänkte vi att det kunde vara svårt att hitta oskäliga avtalsvillkor i så stora företag som vi faktiskt valt, men i samtliga av de granskade standardavtalen förekom oskäliga avtalsvillkor. En gemensam nämnare för företagen är att deras avtal innehöll villkor som på ett eller annat sätt oskäligt begränsade konsumentens rätt till ersättning, s.k. ansvarsbegränsningsklausuler. Alla företagen har även villkorsändringsklausuler som bedömts som oskäliga eftersom de ger näringsidkaren ensidig rätt att ändra i villkoren avseende pris, tjänst eller dylikt.</p><p>Villkor som föreskriver formkrav vid uppsägning, reklamation eller andra meddelanden återfanns i inte mindre än tre av de granskade företagen. Detta är anmärkningsvärt eftersom det med stöd av förarbetena till KkL och tidigare avgöranden har bedömts som oskäligt en längre tid. En del av de undersökta bolagen försöker utnyttja sig av force majeure-klausuler för att slippa prestera sin del av avtalet. Force majeure är omständigheter som det inte kan rådas över, exempelvis krig och naturkatastrofer. Många av företagen utvidgar innebörden till att innefatta även andra omständigheter som ligger inom kontrollsfären.</p>
288

Contract Enforcement – And Its Impact on Bilateral Trade

Thuresson, Carin January 2008 (has links)
Today it is well known that institutions have a significant impact on growth and development. Less research has been investigating how institutions and in-stitutional quality affect trade. This thesis will specifically examine the effect contract enforcement has on bilateral trade. Secure property rights and con-tract enforcement are important for a country’s productivity and growth. The empirical analysis is based on the gravity model of trade to examine what explains the trade flows and more importantly what impact contract enforce-ment has on the bilateral trade. Instead of using one of the many existing sub-jective measurements of contract enforcement, an objective measurement called Contract-Intensive Money (CIM) is used. The results show that contract enforcement of the exporting country has a greater impact on exports than that of the importing country. As expected the institutionally dependent sector of machinery and transport equipment requires a higher level of contract enforcement than the standardized food sector. It implies that the exporting country will have a comparative advantage in export-ing complex products and import simple products. The results also indicates that the effect on exports is higher when there is development of a country’s poor contract enforcement rather than improvement in already high-quality contract enforcement in the partner country.
289

Informationsplikten   i försäkringsavtalslagen : Uppfylls syftet med informationen?

Nilsson, Jennie January 2011 (has links)
This thesis treats the information the insurance company is going to give the policyholders just before the insurance is to be concluded and soon thereafter. The purpose for the essay is to investigate whether the mentioned information can be considered to meet the purpose referred to its establishment. The investigation will also show if the penalty for not upholding this obligation is reasonable in relation to the aim the duty to inform the policyholders is meant to uphold. Information to be provided before the contract is concluded should facilitate the choice of insurance. The information to be given to the policyholders as soon as possible after the contract is concluded should be given as a form of confirmation and information on conditions that has not been stated before. The purposes that have been mentioned is for both the information to consumers and companies. The conclusion that can be made after the analysis is that the information is of great importance for the policyholder, both for consumers and companies. Some penalties can be regarded as a tad harsh against the insurance company, according to the author. If just policyholders have an interest to use the information their position would get better. The general purpose of the information has therefore been achieved. / Uppsatsen behandlar för- och efterköpsinformation som ska ges vid tecknande av konsument- och företagsförsäkring. Uppsatsens syfte har varit att utreda huruvida nämnda information kan anses uppfylla de ändamål som ställts vid dess tillkomst. Vidare utreds huruvida påföljderna vid försummelse av informationsplikten kan anses rimliga ställt mot de ändamål som informationen ska fylla. Förköpsinformationen ska lämnas innan försäkringen tecknas och på grundval av given information ska valet av försäkring underlättas för försäkringstagaren. Efterköpsinformationen är den information som snarast efter avtalsslut ska ges till försäkringstagaren som en form av bekräftelse. Efterköpsinformationen ska även innehålla upplysningar gällande vissa andra villkor om det inte tidigare har gjorts. Avseende konsumentförsäkring aktualiseras en civilrättslig påföljd om försäkringsbolaget underlåtit att ge efterköpsinformation, som innebär att försäkringsbolaget inte får åberopa avtalsvillkor som inte särskilt framhållits. Vid underlåtelse att ge förköpsinformation till konsument kan en marknadsrättslig påföljd bli aktuell, vilket innebär att försäkringsbolaget åläggs att utge information. Samma marknadsrättsliga påföljd aktualiseras för underlåtelse att ge både för- och efterköpsinformation avseende företagsförsäkring. Av den analys som gjorts är en slutsats att för- och efterköpsinformationen kan antas vara av stor betydelse för nämnda försäkringstagare. Avgörande för att syftena med informationen, både för och efterköpsinformation, ska uppfyllas är att ett intresse finns hos försäkringstagaren att ta del av dem, som bör motiveras av olika skäl. Författarens åsikt är att den civilrättsliga påföljden ger ett starkt skydd för konsumenten som inte kan anses rimligt mot informationens syfte. Dock kan anses den marknadsrättsliga påföljden utgöra ett för svagt skydd för försäkringstagarna.
290

Ledningsinnehavares kontraheringsplikt avseende anvisad leverantör enligt naturgaslagen : Hur förhåller sig bestämmelsen till avtalsfriheten och den allmänna kontraheringsplikten?

Mulaomerovic, Maja January 2012 (has links)
Den svenska naturgasmarknaden regleras genom naturgaslagen. Enligt 7 kap. 8 a § naturgaslagen föreligger en skyldighet för innehavare av naturgasledningar att ingå avtal med en gasleverantör på marknaden om att denne ska agera anvisad leverantör i fall då gasförbrukaren inte har ett giltigt avtal med en leverantör. Enligt bestämmelsen har dock gasleverantörerna på marknaden ingen skyldighet att ingå avtal med ledningsinnehavaren om att bli anvisad leverantör. Inom avtalsrätten är en fundamental princip avtalsfrihet. Principen innebär en rätt för individer att på egen hand avgöra huruvida avtal ska ingås, med vem avtal ska ingås och på vilka villkor. Avtalsfriheten är dock inte absolut, den är begränsad till följd av olika omständigheter och behov i samhället. Ett av undantagen till avtalsfriheten är kontraheringsplikten, skyldigheten att i vissa fall ingå avtal. Rättsfiguren finns inom olika rättsområden och motiveras ur olika perspektiv. Det har dock utvecklats en princip om en allmän kontraheringsplikt, vilken är utgångspunkten i denna framställning. Skyldigheten för ledningsinnehavaren enligt 7 kap. 8 a § naturgaslagen innebär att ledningsinnehavaren åläggs en kontraheringsplikt. Genom denna framställning presenteras naturgasmarknaden och bakgrunden till denna bestämmelse i syfte att analysera kontraheringsplikten som följer av stadgandet. Motivet till bestämmelsen kompareras med motiven till den allmänna kontraheringsplikten i syfte att analysera hur kontraheringsplikten i 7 kap. 8 a § naturgaslagen förhåller sig till avtalsfriheten och den allmänna kontraheringsplikten. Det ifrågasätts huruvida skyldigheten som åläggs ledningsinnehavaren är att anse som motiverad samt huruvida ett avtalsförhållande är det optimala verktyget för att uppnå det faktiska syftet med bestämmelsen. / The Swedish natural gas market is regulated through the Swedish Natural Gas Act. In accordance with the Natural Gas Act chapter 7 section 8 a the owner of the natural gas pipelines is obliged to enter into an agreement with a gas supplier regarding becoming an assigned gas supplier when gas users do not have a contract with a gas supplier. According to the regulation gas suppliers are not obliged to enter into an agreement with the owner of the pipelines regarding becoming assigned suppliers. Contractual freedom is a fundamental principle in Swedish contract law. The principle gives the right to every individual to decide whether or not to enter into an agreement, with whom to enter the agreement and on which terms. However, the contractual freedom is not absolute, it is limited by various circumstances and needs within society. One of the exceptions from contractual freedom is the obligation to contract. The principle occurs in different judicial areas and is motivated out of different perspectives. However, a principle of general obligation to contract has been identified and is the basis for comparison in this thesis. The obligation imposed on the owner of the pipelines according to the Natural Gas Act chapter 7 section 8 a means that the owner of the pipelines has an obligation to contract. The background to this regulation is presented for the purpose of analyzing the obligation to contract as a consequence of the regulation. The motives of the regulation are compared to the motives of the principle of general obligation to contract in order to analyze the relationship between the obligation to contract according to the regulation, the contractual freedom and the principle of general obligation to contract. The obligation imposed on the owner of the pipelines is questioned alongside the choice to achieve the purpose of the regulation through contract.

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