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Showing 1 to 7 of 7 (0.063 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"control programme"" "subject:"coontrol programme""
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Factors affecting the implementation of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme by professional nursesSekotlong, Raesetja Jacobeth January 2014 (has links)
Thesis (M. Cur.) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / The present study presents data about the factors that are affecting the implementation of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme by the professional nurses in the Mogalakwena Municipality of the Waterberg District in the Limpopo Province. Despite the intervention by the then Waterberg District Department of Health and Social Development through continual training and workshops of professional nurses in respect of the NTCP, there are still more challenges observed in terms of TB management.
Aim of the study
The aim of the study was to identify and describe the factors that are affecting the implementation of the NTCP and the findings may be utilised to describe the strategies to increase TB cure rate in the Mogalakwena Municipality of the Waterberg District.
Research Methodology
A quantitative research approach was used to conduct this study. One hundred and thirty one professional nurses employed at 28 clinics of the Mogalakwena Municipality were selected to participate in the study. The researcher distributed the questionnaires at the clinics. A structured questionnaire with both open and closed-ended questions was administered. The questionnaire was pretested in the Mahwelereng Local Area which did not form part of the main study.
Results
Of the 131 respondents, 33.6% were the largest age group of between 40 – 50 years followed by 24.4% who were older than 50 years in contrast with the smallest age group of 18 – 28 years that comprised 18.3% of the population. Sixteen per cent of the respondents were male while 84.0% were female.
The findings show that 83.2% of respondents held a diploma in nursing while 16.8% had a degree in nursing. The findings indicate that 98.4% of the respondents were reported to be having knowledge about TB while 1.6% reported not having knowledge. The findings v
indicate that 98.4% of the respondents had knowledge about TB suspect screening according to the NTCP in contrast with 1.6% of the participants who did not have knowledge about TB screening. About 95.4% of the respondents reported tracing of TB defaulters while 4.6% of the respondents reported that TB defaulters were not traced. Sixty point three per cent 63.3% of the respondents thought that a negative attitude of professional nurses was the main cause of poor implementation of the NTCP while 30.5% of them disagreed with the statement.
Conclusion
Respondents demonstrated non-compliance to the implementation of the NTCP, ignorance to acquire skills and negative attitude towards the programme that was consistently significant with other similar studies. The study recommends an updated training programme of all TB trained nurses, as well as values clarification about the importance of the implementation of the NTCP in the management of the TB disease.
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Evaluation of the user-provider interface in malaria control programme : The case of Jepara District, Central Java Province, IndonesiaUtarini, Adi January 2002 (has links)
Introduction: Early detection and case management remain the main strategies in malaria control programme (MCP) in a low endemic area such as in Java Island, Indonesia. These strategies require an understanding of the community’s care-seeking behaviour in relation to the various health services. Since most malaria cases in Java are diagnosed at home by the village malaria workers (VMWs), this study aimed to examine the user-provider interface in early detection and case management of malaria, particularly the interaction between the clinical malaria patients and the VMWs. Methods: The number of blood slides examined and the laboratory results over a 20-year period were retrieved from the routine malaria surveillance system. The population at risk of malaria and the rainfall data were obtained from secondary sources. In addition, age, sex, malaria species, types of drugs, drug and dosage and time lapse between slides taken and examined were recorded from the malaria registers at the three endemic health centres from 1994-1998. The quality of diagnosis was examined by re-reading 153 slides at the Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University. Prior to using rapid assessment procedures (RAP), we proposed 11 criteria and applied these to 15 published RAP studies in health. For each of the papers, two authors assessed the adequacy of information provided independently. Using the criteria as a guideline for developing a protocol, a RAP study of malaria was thereafter carried out. Data were retrieved from 38 free-listings, 28 in-depth interviews, seven focus group discussions and unstructured observation. A qualitative thematic content analysis was applied. Finally, based on the RAP results, a one-year longitudinal study of care-seeking behaviour of all clinical malaria cases treated by the VMWs was conducted in Mlonggo II area. Age, sex, daily actions and date of consultations were recorded by all VMWs in a diary that covered prior all contacts between the patients and the VMWs. Also, 24 interactions between the VMWs and the patients were audiotaped. Results: The incidence of malaria during the 1990s fluctuated, albeit at the lower level than that of the 1980s, and it reached a peak (3.5/1000 population) during an outbreak in 1996-97. There was no clear association between the El Nino phenomenon and incidence of malaria. The incidence was almost twice as high in children <15 years than in adults (15+ years). In <5 year old children the risk of P. vivax malaria was higher than the risk of P. falciparum. Comparisons between active and passive case detection (ACD and PCD) showed that almost 60% of 10, 493 confirmed malaria cases in Jepara were identified from ACD. ACD also detected significantly higher percentage of P. falciparum gametocyte infections than PCD (14.7% vs. 5.7%). The duration between slides taken to examination was however longer for ACD than for PCD (2.3 vs. 1.1 days). Applying the criteria to the published RAP studies, it was found that information was limited to address subjectivity, staff and ethics criteria. In Jepara, malaria (known as katisen or panas tis) was considered a common but minor illness. This was also reflected by the most common action taken by the patients, i.e. not doing anything. However, when the illness was perceived as important, the community had a good access to different health care providers. Eighty seven percent of cases had been treated by the VMWs on day four of the illness period. On day two, the proportion not treated was significantly higher in male than in female cases (60.7% and 54.6%; p 0.01) and in those <15 years of age compared with those 15+ years (71.3% and 56.9%; p<0.001). Insufficient understanding of malaria signs and symptoms likely leads to delay in illness recognition and treatment. Interactions between the VMWs and the patients were mostly focused on medical tasks, and low compliance with treatment was a common concern of the VMWs in the interaction. Conclusion: El Nino phenomenon was not associated with an epidemic in Jepara. A possible association between age and the risk of P. vivax malaria needs further investigation. In this decentralised health care system, ACD should be continued in a focus endemic area and therefore, efforts to retain the VMWs should be considered. This research showed similar findings between the RAP study and the longitudinal study. A consistent gap was found between the common understanding and the biomedical description of malaria. The performance of the VMWs supports the MCP through early contact with clinical malaria patients. Visits of VMWs within four days of symptom recognition appear to be the ideal situation for both the programme and the community. If case management continues to be the main strategy in MCP in this low endemic area, the emic perspective of the people must be well integrated to improve home treatment. Likewise, simple interventions to strengthen the role of VMWs in home management should be conducted.
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Molecular characterisation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, clinical isolates obtained in the Khomas region, Windhoek, NamibiaBreuer, Evelyn Ndinelao January 2017 (has links)
Thesis (MSc (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / According to the Namibia National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTCP) report of 2008, Namibia has one of the highest TB infection rates in the world with a case notification rate of 748/100,000. Rapid, specific and sensitive diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is needed for correct TB patient management. One of the aims of this study was thus to compare direct microscopy with two rapid molecular diagnostic tools (viz. GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Hain Genotype® MTBDR plus assay) for the identification of MTB from samples collected from the Khomas Region, Windhoek, Namibia. Only patients with positive TB sputum collected at the clinics and health facilities in the Khomas Region, Windhoek were eligible for the study. Three hundred and eighty-four samples were confirmed acid-fast positive by utilising the auramine staining method. The rifampicin (RIF) resistance profile detected by both molecular techniques was then compared for characterisation of the samples as drug resistant. Lastly, participants completed a survey, which included questions related to demographic and epidemiological data. Demographic data included patient age, gender, region of residence and history of treatment. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and was captured in an Excel spreadsheet. It was then imported into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 for data analysis. A memorandum of understanding was also signed with the Namibia Institute of Pathology (NIP) to obtain permission to use their samples and the equipment at their site.
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Factors influencing the quality of data for tuberculosis control programme in Oshakati District, NamibiaKagasi, Linda Vugutsa 11 1900 (has links)
This study investigated factors influencing the quality of data for the Tuberculosis (TB) control programme in Oshakati District in Namibia. A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using 50 nurses who were sampled from five departments in Oshakati State Hospital. Data was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire.
The results indicated that the majority (90%) of the respondents agreed that TB training improved correct recording and reporting. Sixty percent of the respondents agreed that TB trainings influenced the rate of incomplete records in the unit, while 26% of the respondents disagreed with this statement. This indicates that TB trainings influence the quality of data reported in the TB programme as it influences correct recording and completeness of data at operational level.
Participants’ knowledge on TB control guidelines, in particular the use of TB records to, used to capture the core TB indicators influenced the quality of data in the programme. The attitudes and practises of respondents affected implementation of TB guidelines hence, influencing the quality of data in the programme. The findings related to the influence of the quality of data in the TB programme and its effect to decision-making demonstrated a positive relationship (p=0.0023) between the attitudes of study participant on the use of data collected for decision-making.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice are the main factors influencing the quality of data in the TB control programme in Oshakati District. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)
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Factors influencing the quality of data for tuberculosis control programme in Oshakati District, NamibiaKagasi, Linda Vugutsa 11 1900 (has links)
This study investigated factors influencing the quality of data for the Tuberculosis (TB) control programme in Oshakati District in Namibia. A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using 50 nurses who were sampled from five departments in Oshakati State Hospital. Data was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire.
The results indicated that the majority (90%) of the respondents agreed that TB training improved correct recording and reporting. Sixty percent of the respondents agreed that TB trainings influenced the rate of incomplete records in the unit, while 26% of the respondents disagreed with this statement. This indicates that TB trainings influence the quality of data reported in the TB programme as it influences correct recording and completeness of data at operational level.
Participants’ knowledge on TB control guidelines, in particular the use of TB records to, used to capture the core TB indicators influenced the quality of data in the programme. The attitudes and practises of respondents affected implementation of TB guidelines hence, influencing the quality of data in the programme. The findings related to the influence of the quality of data in the TB programme and its effect to decision-making demonstrated a positive relationship (p=0.0023) between the attitudes of study participant on the use of data collected for decision-making.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice are the main factors influencing the quality of data in the TB control programme in Oshakati District. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)
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Knowledge, attitudes and treatment-seeking behaviour towards Malaria among adult residents of Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga province, South AfricaJanuary 2009 (has links)
Master of Public Health - MPH / Introduction:Highest-risk malaria areas in South Africa share borders with Mozambique, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. Ongoing migration between these neighbouring areas impacts on malaria control interventions. For example, 30% of the adult population in Bushbuckridge originate from Mozambique. Despite these dynamics, no studies were found which investigated knowledge,attitudes and behaviours towards malaria in Bushbuckridge.
Methods:This study was undertaken as a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A field-piloted structured questionnaire was administered to 602 randomly selected households, where only one household member was interviewed. Interviewees were heads of households, but in their absence,
responsible adults above 18 years were included.Results:Of 602 respondents, 93% (n=559, 95% CI: 90.4 – 94.7%) had heard about malaria, mainly from health facilities (29%, n=175) and radios (20%,n=119). Most respondents correctly associated malaria with mosquito bites. There were no differences in knowledge of the causes of malaria between males and females, whereas age and educational level influenced malaria knowledge.Younger and more educated respondents were more knowledgeable than their older and less educated counterparts. Despite 91% of respondents (n=546, 95% CI: 88.0 – 92.8%) knowing that malaria can kill if untreated; only 48% could identify one or two symptoms of malaria. Most (99%, n=595, 95% CI: 97.5 – 99.5%) of the respondents would seek treatment at health facilities,82% (n=488) of whom would do so within 24 hours of onset of malaria symptoms.Discussion and conclusion :
Most respondents showed a fair amount of knowledge on the causes of malaria, but not enough people were able to correctly identify the key symptoms of malaria. Health facility and radio were the main sources of malaria information. Most respondents sought treatment at health care
facilities, contrary to most African countries where treatment is first sought at non-public health facilities.Word count: 288
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Relationen mellan WHO:s globala aidsprogram och ickestatliga organisationer : Kan bristen på samarbete förklaras utifrån new interdependence approach eller medlemsstaternas agerande? / Relations Between WHO Global Programme on AIDS and NGOs : Can the lack of cooperation be explained by new interdependence approach or the actions of member states?Tengdelius, Daniel January 2023 (has links)
This thesis aims to understand why the World health organization’s Global programme on aids (WHO GPA) does not appear to be able to collaborate with non-governmental actors (NGO), even though booth WHO GPA and NGO`s appears to value and seek cooperation. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the lack of cooperation between WHO GPA and NGO: s can be explained using new interdependence approach or if the actions of WHO´s member states v. The selected case in this thesis is WHO GPA which existed from 1987 to 1995 and represents the first anti-aids program supported by UN and its member states. WHO GPA is therefore active in a policy area where a lot of interactions with NGO: s could be expected. To analyse the apparent lack of cooperation between WHO GPA and relevant NGO: s, this article will apply the theories new interdependence approach and neorealism. To explain the research questions, how does the interaction between WHO GPA and NGO: s appear within the global effort against the aids pandemic, what role did member states have in limiting or enable formal cooperation between WHO GPA and NGO:s and finally how the theory new interdependence approach can explain the interactions between the WHO GPA and NGO: s. To answer the research questions this thesis will apply a qualitative text analysis on material from WHO GPA, for example annual reviews, as well as previous research articles and books that concerns the WHO GPA. The analysis concludes that the interaction between WHO GPA and NGO: s, can be explained with the fact that informal cooperation does appear but not formal cooperation. This appears to be because while booth WHO GPA and NGO: s seeks support and cooperation, the interactions between them is still affected by mistrust. The member state’s role in limiting or enabling cooperation can be answered two levels, globally where powerful states have strong informal powers to control WHO GPA. When NGO: s are granted formal representation, the selection of NGO: s is not representative of the larger NGO community and not in response to cooperation between WHO GPA and NGO:s. Recipient states does also appear to hinder cooperation between NGO:s, WHO GPA and national aids programmes, because of rivalry between the state and NGO over limited aid. Finally, new interdependence approach appears to explain to lack of formal cooperation, because of a lack of distinct resources. However, it cannot explain the cases where NGO: s achieved official representation as the result of cross-national layering.
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