Diabetiker entwickeln nach durchschnittlich 10 Jahren Folgeschäden. Die Polyneuropathie mit nachfolgender Osteoarthropathie des Fußes ist eine meist zu spät erkannte und suboptimal versorgte Komplikation. Nicht rechtzeitig erkannte Schäden führen zu Ulcera, sekundären Infektionen, Osteomyelitiden und Amputationen. Fragestellung: Ist eine Ganganalyse incl. Posturographie in der Lage, eine evtl. bestehende Polyneuropathie zu verifizieren, um eine frühzeitige orthopädische Schuhversorgung vornehmen zu können? Material und Methoden: Es wurden Diabetiker (n = 73) mit (mittels Messung der Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit NLG) nachgewiesener Neuropathie und eine gesunde Vergleichsgruppe (n = 38) ohne Neuropathie am Ganganalysesystem GANGAS untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Allgemeinparameter relative Geschwindigkeit, Schrittlänge und Kadenz, sowie die Belastungsparameter Fersen-, Mittelfuß-, Vorfußbelastung und Belastung beim Auftritt und Abstoß zeigten keine wesentlich signifikanten Unterschiede im Gruppenvergleich. Dagegen zeigte die Posturographie (apparative Untersuchung der Schwankung des Druckschwerpunktes beim Romberg-Test, welche durch die Länge und Geschwindigkeit beschrieben wurde) signifikante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Patientengruppen. So lag z.B. der Median der Weglänge des Druckschwerpunktes beim Test mit geschlossenen Augen bei den Diabetikern bei 21,27 cm und in der Vergleichsgruppe bei 15,4 cm (p = 0,007). Die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Druckschwerpunktes beim Test mit geschlossenen Augen betrug im Median 1,33 cm/sec bei den Diabetikern und 0,96 cm/sec in der gesunden Vergleichsgruppe (p = 0,006). Beim Test mit offenen Augen ergab sich kein signifikanter Unterschied im Gruppenvergleich. Klinische Relevanz: Eine Instabilität des Ganges der Patienten mit diabetischer Neuropathie und entsprechenden Folgeschäden des Fußes läßt sich durch die Ganganalyse mit Standardparametern nach vorliegendem Datenmaterial nicht nachweisen. Die Posturographie ist eine einfache, zeitlich mit geringem Aufwand verbundene Methode, die mit statistischer Signifikanz die subjektiven Kriterien der klinisch-orthopädischen Frühdiagnostik sinnvoll ergänzen und damit die Verdachtsdiagnose eine diabetischen Fußes objektiv nachweisen kann, bevor bleibende Schäden am Fuß entstanden sind. / Every diabetic patient after about ten years develops secondary changes in different tissues. Polyneuropathy with consecutive osteoarthropathy of the foot often is recognized too late and suboptimal treated. Diabetic disorders recognized too late may lead to ulcera, secondery infections and even amputations. Question: Is standard gait analysis including posturography able to verify diabetic neuropathy in order to supply the patient with adapted orthopadic shoeware in time? Materials and methods: A group of diabetics (n=73) with proved neuropathy by measuring nerve conduction velocity and a healthy control group (n=38) without neuropathy were examined by the gait-analysis-system GANGAS. Results: The general parameters: relative speed, length of step and cadence as well as the loading parameters of the heel, middle foot and forefoot during treading and repulsion show no significant differences between both groups. Posturography however (apparative examination of the elongation of focal point of pressure (FPP) according to the Romberg test, described by length and speed) shows significant differences between both groups. For diabetics making the test with closed eyes the mean value of walking length of the FPP was 21,27 cm, for the healthy control persons it was only 15,4 cm (p = 0,007). Asimulary results were found for the speed of movement of FPP during the test with closed eyes: mean value in diabetics 1,33 cm/s and for the healthy control persons 0,96 cm/s (p = 0,006). During this test with open eyes there was no significant difference between both groups. Clinical Relevance: Walking instability of patients with diabetic neuropathy and corresponding sequential damage of the foot could not be proved by the current data with standard parameters. Posturography however is able to give additional information with statistical significance to the subjective criteria of the clinical-orthopedic early diagnosis and verify the diagnosis of a beginning diabetic foot before severe disorders have occured.

New technologies, such as an efficient vapor-compression evaporator, a stationary lime kiln (SLK), and the MixAlco process, compelled us to re-evaluate methods for producing sugar from cane. These technologies allow more water and lime to be used, and they add more value to bagasse. Extracting and preserving the sugars, and lime pretreating the bagasse to enhance biodigestibility, all at the same time in a pile, was demonstrated to be unfeasible; therefore, sugar extraction must occur before lime treating the bagasse. Sugar extraction should occur countercurrently by lixiviation, where liquid moves in stages opposite to the soaked bagasse (megasse), which is conveyed by screw-press conveyors that gently squeeze the fiber in each stage, improving extraction. The performance of a pilot-scale screw-press conveyor was tested for dewatering capabilities and power consumption. The unoptimized equipment decreased megasse moisture from 96 to 89%. Simulation of the process suggested that eight stages are necessary to achieve 98% recovery from typical sugarcane. The cumulative power for the screw-press conveyor system was 17.0±2.1 hp•h/ton dry fiber. Thin raw juice preserved with lime for several months showed no sucrose degradation and no quality deterioration, except for reducing sugar destruction. The lime loading needed for 1-year preservation is 0.20 g Ca(OH)2/g sucrose. Shorter times require less lime. After preservation, the juice was carbonated and filtered, and the resulting sludge pelletized. Due to their high organic content, the pellets were too weak for calcination temperatures used in the SLK. The organics must be decreased prior to pelletization and sodium must be supplemented as a binding agent. Long-term lime pretreatment of bagasse showed two delignification phases: bulk (rapid) and residual (slow). These were modeled by two simultaneous first-order reactions. Treatments with air purging and higher temperatures (50 – 57oC) delignified more effectively, especially during the residual phase, thus yielding higher cellulase-enzyme digestibilities after 2 – 8 weeks of treatment. At temperatures > 60oC, pure oxygen purging is preferred. Fresh bagasse was of better quality than old bagasse. Treatment with NaOH yielded a larger bulk delignification phase than Ca(OH)2. Long-term lime pulping of bagasse was unsuitable for copy-quality paper, but it was appropriate for strawboard and other filler applications.

Gurtförderanlagen werden im Bergbau und anderen Industriezweigen zum Transport von Schüttgütern eingesetzt. Der Anlagenbetrieb ist mit Geräuschemissionen verbunden. Dies kann bei Kontrolle und Wartung eine erhöhte Lärmbelastung für betroffene Mitarbeiter hervorrufen. Im Umfeld von Wohnbebauungen oder schutzbedürftigen Objekten kann die Überschreitung von Immissionsrichtwerten zu einer zeitlichen Betriebseinschränkung der hocheffizienten Anlagen führen. Zur Lärmminderung an der Quelle oder deren Nähe erfordert dies technische Schallschutzmaßnahmen. Die Tragrollen im Obertrum der Gurtförderanlagen sind bei der akustischen Wirkung von entscheidender Bedeutung. Mit einem Prüfstand für Tragrollen ist deren Schallleistung bei unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten bestimmbar. Die Ergebnisse lassen Rückschlüsse auf die mechanische Belastung und die Schallemission beim Betrieb in einer Förderanlage zu. Die Arbeit benennt die Ursachen der Geräuschemissionen beim Ablauf der Rollen und stellt diese in Verbindung mit den Eigenschaften der Oberfläche und der Außermittigkeit der Drehachse dar. Die Prüfung beider Parameter basiert auf einer Rundlaufmessung. Die gewonnenen winkelabhängigen Daten erlauben eine Berechnung der Exzentrizität der Drehachse und des Verlaufs der Kreisformabweichung auf dem Rollenmantel. Daraus abgeleitete Kennwerte dienen als Vorgaben zur Anpassung und Entwicklung von Herstellungsverfahren sowie zur gezielten Auswahl geräuscharmer Tragrollen für Gurtförderanlagen. / Belt conveyor systems are used in mining operations and other industry sectors to transport bulk material. The plant operation is being linked to noise emissions. During inspections and maintenance this can cause an increased noise exposure for affected employees. In the environment of residential buildings or areas in need of protection the exceedance of immission guideline values can lead to a temporary operational limitation of these highly efficient plants. Noise abatement measures primarily at the source or in the vicinity are required to reduce noise immission. The idlers on the carrying belt side of the belt conveyor systems are of crucial importance to the acoustical properties. Their sound power level is determinable at different belt speeds with a test stand for idlers. The results allow conclusions about the mechanical stress and sound emissions during operation in a belt conveyor system. The thesis identifies the sources of noise during the roll process and places them in conjunction with the properties of the surface and the centre offset of the axis. The examination of these two parameters is based on a total indicator reading (TIR) measurement. The angle-dependent data obtained allow a calculation of the eccentricity of the axis and the curve of the circular deviation of the roller tubes. Therefrom derived characteristic values serve as specifications for the adaptation and development of manufacturing processes as well as for a careful selection of low noise idlers for belt conveyors.

Kernthema der Dissertation ist die Weiterentwicklung von Kohle-Online-Messtechniken zur kontinuierlichen Bestimmung, das Brennstoffverhalten in Kraftwerkskesseln beeinflussender anorganischer Kohleinhaltsstoffe im Rheinischen Braunkohlerevier, die geologisch bedingt, natürlichen Schwankungen unterliegen. Im Rahmen dieses Vorhabens wurden die Gammastrahlenabsorptionsverfahren zur Aschegehaltsbestimmung und die Prompte-Gamma-Neutronen-Aktivierungs-Analyse (PGNAA) zur Multielement-Analyse als innovative Messmethoden zur Analyse des gesamten Kohlestroms auf Förderbandanlagen identifiziert, deren Eignung im Rahmen von Voruntersuchungen bestätigt, betrieblich eingeführt und unter Praxisbedingungen optimiert. Dabei wurde die Wechselwirkung zwischen Gamma- und Neutronenstrahlung unterschiedlicher Energien mit Braunkohlen und Fördergurten unterschiedlicher Eigenschaften sowie Einflüsse variierender homogener und inhomogener Elementzusammensetzungen bei verschiedenen Messsystemanordnungen und Förderleistungen auf die Messergebnisse systematisch erfasst und für die Versuchsanlagen in der betrieblichen Praxis umgesetzt. Die Gamma-Absorptionsmethode ist im betrieblichen Einsatz, die Erprobung der PGNAA-Prototypanlage steht bevor.

The main content of this thesis is analysis and proposal of supplying between storages in company Hella Autotechnik Nova in Mohelnice. The main content of creation of this company is wide sort of front headlamps, rear and break lights, but also there is some sort of its washers for the most famous cars brands. Otherwise this thesis is about modification of basic layout, what can be seen there nowadays between external storage Meriva and logistic centre, what is located in main building of this company.

The aim of master's thesis was design of electronically reconfigurable filters. Adjustability of pole frequency or quality factor is possible. First part of thesis deals with theoretical analysis of filters, their operation modes, design of frequency filters using Signal-Flow graph method and parasitic analysis. The next part describes active elements used in thesis. In a third part, three reconfigurable filters are described and designed and their simulations and parasitic analysis are made. Last part deals with filter design in EAGLE and experimental measurement.

This diploma thesis deals with design of reconection-less electronically reconfigurable filter structures which have single input and single output using unconventional active elements, which have ability to adjust one of their parameter e.g. gain or transconductance. The first part describes basic parameters of frequency filters, the division of filters by frequency transfer response and used circuit elements, their operational modes, the principle of reconnection-less electronically reconfiguration and the circuit design method MUNV. Second part describes all active elements used in the proposal of filters, their properties and the implementation using existing transistor-level models. The third part contains the design of three reconnection-less electronically reconfigurable filters and the simulations results obtained from simulation programs OrCAD Capture and PSpice. The obtained results were compared with theoretical behaviour. This part also contains results of these analyses: sensitivity, parasitic, Monte Carlo and temperature to determine the behaviour in varied cases.

The diploma thesis deals with the use of a simulation model for the development of an automatic algorithm for the creation of a routing table and route evaluation in a transport system. It includes a search of modeling and simulation issues and state-space search issues with an analysis of available search methods. The simulation model of the transport system is created in the software Tecnomatix Plant Simulation, where an algorithm for automatic creation of routing tables for routing and evaluation of routes according to static criteria is subsequently developed and tested. The work presents a proposal for the principle of the algorithm for evaluating the routes of the transport system, including dynamic criteria and their optimization.

This diploma thesis deals with transformation of passive elements in filter structures onto substitutes with new active element CFTA. A basic characteristic, types of filters, their frequency characteristics and a form of transfer functions are listed in an introduction. After it is introduced a development of signal flow graphs, single type of graphs and their modifications. There is specified the method Mason-Coates graphs which proves as optimal for analysis circuits. There are listed rules for a correct evaluation and make-up the graphs. Further are described active elements CFTA, CDTA and a current conveyor. There are defined active substitutes to a floating and grounded inductance, a floating capacitor and also a floating and grounded resistor in this thesis. Here, there are also designed substitutes to parallel combinations of floating passive elements. All substitutes use CFTA as an active element and the grounded capacitor as a passive element of substitute. There are presented forms of M-C graphs, transfer functions and equations for calculation passive elements of substitute at created equivalents. Functionality of designed substitutes is always verified on second order passive filters by the help of a PC simulation. There are tabular listed defined equivalents with corresponding signal graphs, transfer functions and equations for calculation capacitor of substitute are here tabular listed too. In this work there are defined two ways of connecting defined substitutes within the scope of one circuit that can be used as a simple connection or integration bounded elements. In the case of usage of the integration bounded elements it is possible to reduce total number used active elements. The usage defined substitutions are verified by way of both methods on known higher order passive frequency filter structures. Third order low pass filter is here realized and scaled in frequency scope from 100 Hz to 100 MHz.

The diploma dissertation deals with description and division of technologies of coal storage yards. A content of it is classification of individual storages thoroughly divided according to their feature. It introduces with measuring equipment used while solving diploma dissertation. Is incorporated herein by a description of the PLC including a description of each associated modules. Further there is clearly mentioned specification of needed data that is necessary to scan for control system of the storage. Within the diploma dissertation was created electrical system documentation data of collection control systems for longitudinal landfill with two universal machines.