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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Dynamique interne au front d'écoulements à surface libre. Application aux laves torrentielles / Internal dynamics within the front of free-surface flows. Application to debris flows

Freydier, Perrine 30 March 2017 (has links)
Le modèle de couche mince intégré sur l'épaisseur, Saint-Venant, utilisé classiquement pour simuler la propagation de laves torrentielles et coulées boueuses, repose sur plusieurs approximations concernant la forme des profils de vitesse en zones non-uniformes. Il est pourtant nécessaire d'utiliser ce type de modélisation, comme outil d'aide à la gestion des risques liés aux laves torrentielles. Nous proposons d'éprouver ses hypothèses, en observant une zone fortement non-uniforme, le front de coulées à surface libre et le champ de vitesse à l'intérieur de cette zone.En améliorant notre connaissance de l'évolution de la forme des profils de vitesse (de la dynamique interne) au front de coulées, nous cherchons à améliorer les modèles de couche mince. Cette thèse porte donc sur l'étude de la dynamique interne au front d'écoulements à surface libre de fluides newtoniens et viscoplastiques.Nous avons utilisé le dispositif du canal à fond mobile qui permet de générer des coulées stationnaires dans le référentiel de l'observateur au moyen d'un fond mobile remontant vers l'amont. Nous avons réalisé un travail technique sur ce canal et sur l'analyse des images pour pouvoir mesurer les champs de vitesse à haute résolution spatiale aux fronts de coulées à surface libre de fluides viscoplastiques. L'étude des fluides newtoniens a aussi été réalisée afin de valider les modèles et éprouver le dispositif expérimental.Nous avons comparé les résultats expérimentaux aux solutions théoriques de deux modèles de couche mince adaptés à la rhéologie de Herschel-Bulkley : le modèle classique de la lubrification, à la base du modèle de Saint-Venant et un modèle consistant à l'ordre 1 développé dans cette thèse. Le modèle consistant d'ordre 1 est la somme du modèle à l'ordre 0 (la lubrification) et de termes correctifs qui proviennent des contraintes normales et des termes d'inertie. Dans le cadre de notre configuration du fond mobile remontant vers l'amont, il est possible de déduire la forme du front en cherchant une solution de type onde progressive, sans passer par un modèle intégré dans l'épaisseur.Pour les fluides viscoplastiques, la structure classique du profil de vitesse, avec une zone cisaillée surmontée d'un plug non cisaillé est bien reconnaissable sur nos profils de vitesse en zone uniforme, et en zone faiblement variée. Mais à l'approche du front, cependant, la vitesse de surface augmente, les profils de vitesse expérimentaux deviennent cisaillés sur toute l'épaisseur, conduisant à la disparition du plug à proximité de la ligne de front.Le modèle de lubrification prédit l’existence d'un plug dans le front jusqu'à la ligne de contact, ce qui n'est pas observé expérimentalement. La vitesse de surface du modèle de lubrification augmente à l'approche du front, mais est largement sous-estimée par rapport à la vitesse de surface mesurée. Les vitesses de surface prédites par le modèle d'ordre 1 augmentent plus drastiquement au front, en meilleur accord avec les mesures que le modèle de lubrification. Pour certaines configurations expérimentales l'accord est même très bon. Remarquablement, le cisaillement des profils de vitesse à l'approche du front, observé expérimentalement, est aussi prédit par le modèle d'ordre 1.Les profils de vitesse présentent donc une évolution au front de coulées viscoplastiques en contradiction avec les hypothèses du modèle de Saint-Venant. Le modèle consistant d'ordre 1 permet d'améliorer les prédictions. Un modèle intégré dans l'épaisseur de type Saint-Venant basé sur les développements consistants d'ordre 1 est alors calculé, car il constitue l'étape nécessaire avant d'être intégré dans un outil de simulation opérationnel. / A depth-averaged model based on the thin-layer assumption, called Saint-Venant (Shallow-Water), is classically used to simulate the propagation and the spreading of debris and mud flows. It is based on several approximations concerning the shape of the velocity profile in non-uniform zones. We propose to test these hypotheses, examining a strongly non-uniform zone, the front of free-surface viscoplastic flows and the velocity field within this zone. By improving our knowledge about the internal dynamics in the front zone, we seek to improve the thin-layer models. This thesis therefore focuses on the study of the internal dynamics within the front of viscoplatic free-surface flows.We used the moving conveyor belt to generate stationary flows. We carried out a technical work on this set-up, and specific analysis of images obtained from the high-speed camera, in order to be able to measure velocity fields with a high resolution. The study of a Newtonian fluid was also carried out in order to validate the lubrication model and the experimental device.We compared experimental results to theoretical solutions of two thin-layer models taking into account the Herschel-Bulkley rheology: the classical model of lubrication, which is at the base of Saint-Venant model, and a consistent first-order model specifically developed in this thesis.The first-order model is equal to the zero-order model (lubrication), plus corrective terms derived from the normal stresses and inertia terms.In this study, for the purpose of comparison with our experimental results, we are interested in travelling-wave solutions. We are able to solve the shape of the front without using a depth-averaged model.Far from the front, experimental velocity profiles clearly display the characteristic 2-layer structure predicted by the lubrication solution, with constant values close to the free-surface (plug) and a sheared layer underneath. Closer to surge tip, the shape of experimental longitudinal velocity profilesthen begins to differ from the theoretical prediction. The 2-layer structure tends to disappear, and the profiles display shear across the whole depth ofthe flow. In this tip region, surface velocity also appears to increase faster than its theoretical counterpart. Surface velocity predicted by the first-order model increase more drastically in the tip region, in better agreement with the measurements than the lubrication model. The first-order model predicts a sheared velocity profile when approaching the front, as observed experimentally.The consistent first-order model then provides better predictions about internal dynamics than lubrication model. A depth-integrated model like Saint-Venant, based on consistent first-order developments is then calculated, as a first step before being integrated into an operational simulation tool.
12

Study Of Belts Acting As A Positioning System For Interconnected Gripping Tools In Tube Filling Machines / Studie av remmar verkande som positioneringssystem till sammanlänkade gripvertyg hos tubfyllingsmaskiner

Hohner, Robin, André, Ekengren January 2018 (has links)
The task performed in this assignment is to improve the reliability of Norden Machinery ABs product family. This is to be done by examining and replacing the belt used to stop the spreading of tubes from ingoing shipping crate to the infeed of the machine. The way that this was approached was by testing different candidates on a spectrum of their rigidity to find if a flexible or more rigid belt would perform better than the current context of the system. The testing was conducted for a period of 4 weeks and results were gathered by examining damages to the belts by the use of microscope. After the damage had been analyzed the conclusion was drawn that flexible alternatives seems to perform the task better than their rigid counterparts however more work is needed in the fields regarding the fastening and operation of the machine to use the best suited candidates derived from this test, the monolithic belt FMT-02TXCT-U1.
13

Análise do processo de regulação da atividade de triagem de materiais recicláveis: estudo de caso em uma cooperativa / Analysis of the regulation process of sorting recyclable materials activity: a case study in a cooperative

Souza, Renato Luvizoto Rodrigues de 17 December 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SOUZA_Renato_2014.pdf: 1978160 bytes, checksum: c3d8365999634e1499ee6fe2898caa01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This dissertation discusses the construction of the operational methods in the conveyor belt of sorting recyclable materials in a collectors' cooperative. Cooperatives represent not only a way out of the problems of management of municipal solid waste, but also a possibility of integration and income generation for people who are outside the formal work. Nevertheless, the search for income and better life clashes with precarious working conditions. In this context, the aim of this study is to understand how the cooperative regulate their activity against the difficulties in the conveyor belt of sorting recyclable materials. The applied methodology includes a case study outlined by the Activity Ergonomics. The results indicate both an intense physical and mental effort associated with the collection of recyclable materials. During the activity, the cooperative members face few situations which may affect the objectives and regulate their activity without risking their internal state. Collective joints emerge from the conveyor belt as a possibility of collective regulation of the difficulties arising from the instantaneous overlapping variations (volume, variety and condition of materials) and ascending and descending requirements. These results indicate that the collection of recyclable materials is only possible through the inventiveness of the cooperative members to use perceptual exploration and solve problems facing the pace of work. / Nesta dissertação se discute a construção dos modos operatórios na esteira de triagem de materiais recicláveis em uma cooperativa de catadores. As cooperativas representam não só uma saída para os problemas de gestão dos resíduos sólidos municipais, mas também uma possibilidade de integração e geração de renda para pessoas que estão à margem do trabalho formal. Apesar disso, a busca por renda e melhor condição de vida se choca nas precárias condições de trabalho. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é compreender como os cooperados regulam sua atividade frente às dificuldades na esteira de triagem de materiais recicláveis. A metodologia aplicada conta com um estudo de caso delineado pela Ergonomia da Atividade. Os resultados indicam um intenso esforço físico e mental associado à triagem de materiais recicláveis. Durante a atividade os cooperados se deparam com poucas situações em que podem agir sobre os objetivos e regularem sua atividade sem colocar em risco seu estado interno. As articulações coletivas emergem da esteira como uma possibilidade de regulação coletiva das dificuldades advindas das sobreposições instantâneas das variabilidades (volume, variedade e estado dos materiais) e das prescrições ascendentes e descendentes. Esses resultados indicam que a triagem de materiais recicláveis só é possível graças à inventividade dos cooperados em utilizar a exploração perceptiva e resolver problemas frente ao ritmo de trabalho.
14

Pásový dopravník přestavitelný / Adjustable belt conveyor

Drápalík, Martin January 2015 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to design a conveyor belt readjustable to transport brown coal according to specific parameters. The introduction is focused on describing and dividing conveyor belts and characterizing their individual parts. The main part of the thesis is a description of selected components and design solutions, a functional computation carried out in accordance with the standard ČSN ISO 5048 and further an analysis of transported material's properties. The drafting documentation is attached to the thesis.
15

Pásový dopravník přestavitelný / Adjustable belt conveyor

Drápalík, Martin January 2016 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to design a conveyor belt readjustable to transport brown coal according to specific parameters. The introduction is focused on describing and dividing conveyor belts and characterizing their individual parts. The main part of the thesis is a description of selected components and design solutions, a functional computation carried out in accordance with the standard ČSN ISO 5048 and further an analysis of transported material's properties. The drafting documentation is attached to the thesis.
16

Radar Based Solutions for Crushing andScreening Applications / Tillämpning av radarbaserade system inom gruvindustrin

Ehrlin, Emma January 2022 (has links)
This project was carried out for a Company in the mining and construction business, and focused on the development of a radar based material monitoring solution for conveyor belts. A minor prestudy showed that there are possible customer values related to material monitoring solutions for equipment relevant for the Company, and that such solutions using radar possibly can fulfil the application requirements. The main focus of the project was chosen based on this prestudy. The methods used were mainly experiments with the developed prototype, and a study of literature. The prototype was developed with an aim to measure mass flow and to monitor the material surface for deviances. Millimeter-wave pulsed coherent radar sensors were used, and data processing approaches included Kalman filtering. Results showed that mass flow can be calculated using the tested senors and data processing models, as the calculated mass flow was well in line with a belt scale reference, but that additional data is needed to prove consistency in the results. Results also showed that trends in the material surface can be observed in the radar data, indicating the possibilities to detect deviances. From a technical perspective, results and the possibilities for further development and improvement show that radar based solutions can be used for applications relevant for the Company. / Detta examensarbete genomfördes för ett företag inomgruv- och anläggningsbranschen och handlade om utvecklingen av en radarbaserad prototyp för mätningar av materialet på transportband. En mindre förstudie visade på möjliga kundvärden relaterade till sådana mätningar, samt att radar har potentialen att uppfylla kravspecifikationen för flera applikationer. Huvudfokuset för projektet valdes sedan utifrån denna förstudie. Metoderna som användes var främst experiment med den utvecklade prototypen samt litteraturstudier. Prototypen utvecklades med syfte att mäta massflöde samt att upptäcka avikelser i materialets yta. Radarsensorer med en frekvens på 60GHz användes, och för databehandling användes bland annat ett Kalman-filter. Resultaten visade att massflöde kan beräknas med de testade sensorerna och databehandlingsmodellerna, eftersom det beräknade massflödet låg i linje med referensdata från en bandvåg. Ytterligare data behövs emellertid för att visa hur resultaten påverkas av förändrade omständigheter, såsom storleken på fragmenten som mäts. Studien visade också att mönster i materialytan kan observeras i radardatan, vilket indikerar att det också är möjligt upptäcka avvikelser. Ur ett teknisktperspektiv visar resultaten och möjligheterna till vidareutveckling tillsammans att radarbaserade lösningar kan användas för applikationer relevanta för företaget.
17

Auswahlsystematik für energieeffiziente quasistationäre elektrische Antriebssysteme

Schützhold, Jörg 22 February 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Rund 70 % der Energieaufnahme von elektrischen Antriebssystemen wird von quasistationären Antrieben in Transportanlagen hervorgerufen. Eine gesteigerte Energieeffizienz führt neben reduzierten Energiekosten zu weiteren Nutzeffekten, wie z.B. einem verringerten Kühlaufwand, einem kleinerem Bauraum und einer höheren Lebensdauer der Komponenten. Zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz dieser Transportanlagen werden in dieser Arbeit Methoden zur Auslegung der zugehörigen Antriebssysteme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Förderprozesses erarbeitet. Als repräsentative Transportanwendungen werden Pumpen- und Förderbandanlagen untersucht. Dabei wird das gesamte elektromechanische System analysiert, um das volle Energiesparpotenzial zu erfassen – beginnend mit dem Lastprofil des transportierten Förderguts bis hin zur elektrischen Energieversorgung. Hierzu werden alle Systemkomponenten modelliert, um die Verluste in verschiedenen Betriebspunkten im Volllast- und Teillastbereich abzuschätzen. Darauf aufbauend erfolgt die Erarbeitung praktikabler Projektierungshinweise und prozessspezifischer Auswahldiagramme, welche eine schnelle Vorauswahl der energieeffizientesten Antriebstopologie ermöglichen. Da die Verlustmodelle auf frei zugänglichen Datenblattangaben basieren, können die vorgestellten Methoden und Auswahlkriterien bereits in einem frühen Projektierungsstadium zur Auslegung einer energieeffizienten Transportanlage angewandt werden.
18

Ecoulements à surface libre de fluides à seuil : rhéométrie et validation des caractéristiques hydrauliques dans un canal à fond mobile. Application aux laves torrentielles / Rheology of debris flows : influence and formation of the granular front

Ghemmour, Assia 24 October 2011 (has links)
Cette thèse présente une étude expérimentale visant à caractériser les propriétés hydrauliquesd'écoulements à surface libre de fluides complexes: fluides viscoplastiques et mélangesfluides viscoplastiques-grains. Ce travail est motivé par la nécessité d'améliorer lesconnaissances sur les propriétés des écoulements de laves torrentielles, dans un contexte deprotection contre les risques naturels en montagne. Nous avons développé un dispositif delaboratoire original, un canal à fond mobile, permettant de générer des coulées gravitaires quisont globalement stationnaires dans le référentiel du laboratoire. Les coulées présentent unfront très raide, suivi à l'amont d'une zone d'épaisseur uniforme. Les fluides viscoplastiquesutilisés (carbopol et kaolin) ont été choisis de manière à modéliser la matrice des couléesboueuses naturelles en prenant en compte les critères de similitude adaptés. Ces fluidessuivent une loi de comportement de Herschel-Bulkley, et leurs propriétés rhéologiques ont étédéterminées au moyen d'un rhéomètre de laboratoire en accordant un soin particulier àl'établissement des incertitudes associées. Nous présentons des mesures précises de l'évolutionde l'épaisseur des coulées dans la zone uniforme en fonction de la vitesse du fond du canal etde la pente. Ces résultats sont comparés à des prédictions théoriques correspondant à unécoulement permanent et uniforme d'un fluide de Herschel-Bulkley, et nous montrons quel'accord est satisfaisant moyennant les incertitudes sur les mesures rhéologiques. Nous avonségalement analysé la forme du front des coulées et, là-aussi, l'accord avec des modèleshydrauliques (modèles de type Saint-Venant) est bon. Ces deux études permettent de validerles prédictions hydrauliques obtenues à partir de lois de comportement mesurées aurhéomètre. Enfin, dans une dernière partie, nous présentons une étude préliminaire de ladynamique de particules rigides isolées placées au sein de la coulée, en nous intéressant auxvitesses longitudinales et aux vitesses de chute pour différentes tailles et différentes densitésde particules. / This thesis presents an experimental study dedicated to characterise the hydraulic propertiesof free surface flows of complex fluids : viscoplastic fluids and mixtures made of viscoplasticfluids and grains. This study is motivated by the need to improve knowledge on properties ofthe flow of debris flows in a context of protection against natural hazards in the mountains.We have developed an original laboratory device - a channel with a mobile bottom - togenerate gravitary flows that are globally stationary in the laboratory frame. The flows have avery steep front followed upstream by a zone of uniform thickness. Viscoplastic fluids used(carbopol and kaolin) were selected so to model the matrix of natural mud flows, taking intoaccount the criteria of similarity adapted. These fluids follow a behavior law of Herschel-Bulkley, and their rheological properties were determined using a laboratory rheometer byproviding a particular care to the establishment of the associated uncertainties. We presentaccurate measurements of the evolution of the thickness of the flow in the uniform zone withthe the velocity speed of channel belt. These results are compared with theoretical predictionscorresponding to a steady uniform flow of a fluid of Herschel-Bulkley, and we show that theagreement is satisfactory through the uncertainties on the rheological measurements. We alsoanalyzed the shape of front, and here too, the agreement with hydraulic models (models likeSaint-Venant) is good. Both of the studies allowed to validate the hydraulic predictionsobtained from behavior laws measured with the rheometer. Finally, in a last section, wepresent a Preliminary study about the dynamics of isolated rigid particles placed in the flow,by paying attention to longitudinal velocities and falling velocities for different particle sizesand densities.
19

Auswahlsystematik für energieeffiziente quasistationäre elektrische Antriebssysteme: - am Beispiel von Pumpen- und Förderbandanlagen -

Schützhold, Jörg 29 June 2016 (has links)
Rund 70 % der Energieaufnahme von elektrischen Antriebssystemen wird von quasistationären Antrieben in Transportanlagen hervorgerufen. Eine gesteigerte Energieeffizienz führt neben reduzierten Energiekosten zu weiteren Nutzeffekten, wie z.B. einem verringerten Kühlaufwand, einem kleinerem Bauraum und einer höheren Lebensdauer der Komponenten. Zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz dieser Transportanlagen werden in dieser Arbeit Methoden zur Auslegung der zugehörigen Antriebssysteme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Förderprozesses erarbeitet. Als repräsentative Transportanwendungen werden Pumpen- und Förderbandanlagen untersucht. Dabei wird das gesamte elektromechanische System analysiert, um das volle Energiesparpotenzial zu erfassen – beginnend mit dem Lastprofil des transportierten Förderguts bis hin zur elektrischen Energieversorgung. Hierzu werden alle Systemkomponenten modelliert, um die Verluste in verschiedenen Betriebspunkten im Volllast- und Teillastbereich abzuschätzen. Darauf aufbauend erfolgt die Erarbeitung praktikabler Projektierungshinweise und prozessspezifischer Auswahldiagramme, welche eine schnelle Vorauswahl der energieeffizientesten Antriebstopologie ermöglichen. Da die Verlustmodelle auf frei zugänglichen Datenblattangaben basieren, können die vorgestellten Methoden und Auswahlkriterien bereits in einem frühen Projektierungsstadium zur Auslegung einer energieeffizienten Transportanlage angewandt werden.
20

Studies of particle and atom manipulation using free space light beams and photonic crystal fibres

Gherardi, David Mark January 2009 (has links)
Light can exert optical forces on matter. In the macroscopic world these forces are minuscule, but on the microscopic or atomic scale, these forces are large enough to trap and manipulate particles. They may even be used to cool atoms to a fraction of a degree above absolute zero. This thesis details a number of experiments concerned with the optical manipulation of atoms and micron-size particles using free space light beams and photonic crystal fibres. Two atom guiding experiments are described. In the first experiment, a spatial light modulator is used to generate higher blue-detuned azimuthal Laguerre-Gaussian LG) beams, which are annular beams with a hollow core. These LG beams are then used to guide laser cooled rubidium-85 atoms within the dark core over a distance of 30 mm. The second atom guiding experiment involves attempting to guide laser cooled and thermal rubidium atoms through a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre using red-detuned light. Hollow-core photonic crystal fibres are fibres that are able to guide light with low attenuation within a hollow core. For this experiment a hot wire detection system was designed, along with a number of complex vacuum systems. The first dual-beam fibre trap for micron-size particles constructed using endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibre (ESM-PCF) is described. The characteristics of dual-beam fibre traps are governed by the fibres used. As ESM-PCF has considerably different properties in comparison to conventional single- or multimode fibres, this dual beam ESM-PCF trap exhibits some novel characteristics. I show that the dual beam ESM-PCF trap can form trapping, repulsive and line potentials; an interference-free ‘white light’ trap; and a dual-wavelength optical conveyor belt.

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