Absorption cooling system driven by district heating network is relized as a smart strategy in Sweden. During summer time when the heating demand is low, the excessive hot water can be directly sold to drive absorption chillers instead of decreasing its production. In addition, this is also one answer to satisfy the cooling demand in more environmentally way since currently only around 26% of cooling demand in Sweden is satisfied by district cooling, the rest is fulfilled by individual air conditioning. Realizing this potential, the purpose of this study is to examine the returning hot water temperature in the district heating network with supply temperature of 70°C and also the effect to the absorption chiller’s COP. Through the simulation result, it is found out that the lowest possible returning water temperature is 55 °C at COP 0,69 with heat rejection (re-cooling) temperature water at 22 °C. This implies that the desired returning hot water temperature of 47 °C cannot be achieved. The lower returning hot water temperature is preferable since it gives the district heating network benefit in term of less distribution pump work, and energy recovery for the condensation process at central heating plant.

In a world that is slipping towards a global energy crisis as a result of a heavy dependence on depleting fossil-based fuels, investment in projects that promote energy efficiency will have a strong return on investment not only economically but also socially & environmentally. Firms will directly save significant amounts of money on their energy bills and besides, contribute to slowing down the environmental degradation & global warming by diminishing their carbon footprint. In the global contest to achieve high levels of energy efficiency, IT sector is no exception and telecommunication companies have developed new approaches on how to develop more efficient data centers and cooling systems in the past decades. This paper describes an ambitious project carried out by TeliaSonera to develop a highly-energy-efficient cooling approach for data centers called "Green Room". It is important to realize that Green Room approach is not specifically limited to data centers. It is designed to support any sort of “technical site” in need of an efficient cooling system. As a result, the word “datacenter” repeatedly used in this paper is expandable to a huger category of technical sites. As the hypothesis, Green Room was expected to generate appropriate temperature level accompanied with effectual steady air flow inside the room while using considerably lower amount of electricity compared with other cooling methods in the market. To begin with, an introduction is given to familiarize the readers with the concept of "data center" and immediately preceded a concise discussion in Chapter 2 providing convincing reasons to promote energy-efficient projects like Green Room from economic, social and environmental points of view. The chapter is complemented by a comprehensive part attached to this paper as Appendix I. In Chapter 3, the different cooling approaches currently available for datacenters is looked into. Chapter 4 describes how it is possible to assess the efficiency of a data center cooling system by introducing critical values such as PUE (power usage effectiveness) and COP (Coefficient of performance). Understandably, it is of great significance to determine how accurate the measurements carried out in this project are. Chapter 5 provides useful information on measurements and describes uncertainty estimation of the obtained results. Chapter 6 explains the test methodology and continues by touching on the components of Green Room and their technical specifications. Subsequently, it compares the Green Room approach to other cooling systems and identifies five major differences making the Green Room a distinctive cooling method. Chapter 7 explains the measurement requirements from the point of view of sensors, discusses the calibration process and finally represents the uncertainty calculations and their results. Chapter 8 broadly describes the five different categories of 25 independent tests carried out within a period of almost two weeks. It provides the readers with all the necessary details for each test and includes thorough description of conditions, numerical results, calculations, tables, charts, graphs, pictures and some thermal images. Ultimately, the last two chapters summarize the results of this project and assess its degree of success based on the hypothesis of this paper. Consequently, a number of questions have been raised and relevant suggestions made to modify this approach and improve the results. Surprisingly, the values obtained for efficiency of this cooling system are as expected. However, some part of calculations to achieve the total power load of the whole cooling production system is based on estimations acquired from software simulations. Overall, this is considered as a successful project fulfilling the primary expectations of the founders.

Svensk polis står inför stora utmaningar och speciellt i de utsatta områdena. I polisens strävanså ingår det utvidga den lokalt förankrade polisen. Författarnas ambition är att titta på begreppet Community Policing eller COP och om begreppet tillämpas av svensk polis. Studien är en litteraturöversikt med systematisk ansats. I resultatet kommer författarna fram till att det finns många barriärer internationellt för implementeringen av Community Policing. I diskussionen fördessa teman fram som tydliga problem;  1. Resursbrist, 2. Utbildning, 3. Motstånd inom polisen, 4. Eventuell effekt, 5. Mätbarhet av resultat.  Vidare i diskussionen rekommenderar författarna att COP är ett koncept som borde vara intressant för svensk polis att arbeta utifrån men att problemen som nämnts ovan även skulle kunna vara barriärer i en svensk kontext. Oavsett är satsningen som krävs troligtvis väldigt stor enligt författarna, däremot skulle ett områdespoliskoncept med Community Policing som filosofi kunna bli en ny byggsten inom svensk polis.

Klimatkrisen är vår tids största utmaning för planeten jordens överlevnad. Politiker, klimataktivister och civila ställs frågande mot varandra över hur klimatkrisen ska skötas och på bästa sätt för att inte längre vara en kris. Klimatjournalistiken ska på bästa sätt få alla parter hörda korrekt. Denna uppsats avser att kritiskt analysera de klimatjournalistiska diskurserna efter klimatkonferensen i Glagow (COP 26) den 1 november 2021 och efter Parisavtalet som är ett internationellt klimatavtal som undertecknades 2016. I denna studie utförs en kritisk diskursanalys som undersöker och jämför hur Dagens Nyheter rapporterar efter dessa klimatkonferenser och hur klimatfrågan i DN gestaltades under dessa perioder.  Studien visar på att Diskurserna i DN har förändrats mellan då Parisavtalet slöts och dagens COP 26 avtal. Studien visade även på en större utveckling för att nå klimatmålet 1.5°C efter COP 26 jämförelse med Parisavtalet. Det finns motsättningar mellan civila, aktivister, forskare och makthavare. Makthavarnas diskurser är mer positiva angående klimatfrågan jämförelse med civila, aktivister och forskare.  Kopplat till gestaltningsteorin visar studien på att artiklarna blir något svåra för läsarna att tolka när det kommer till den politiska sidan, vad politikerna vill och tänker göra åt ämnet. Detta leder till en slags så kallad osäkerhetsgestaltning.

No description available.

Canine Oral Papillomavirus (COPV) induces warts on the oral mucosa in domestic dogs and other canids. The canine oral papillomatosis (COP) is a well established animal model of mucosal papillomatosis. While the regression of a current infection is mediated by cellular immunity, humoral immunity does prevent reinfection. Question of the present study was, if unspecific stimulation of the immune system with the inducer of paramunity Baypamune® during the period of growth would have an influence on the course of canine oral papillomatosis. Clinical criteria for this purpose were period of growth, period of regression and the size and morphology of Papillomas at the end of growth. Additionally ALAT and ASAT were quantified in order to rule out deterioration of liver cells. PCV and leucocytes where monitored and a differentiation was performed. In a second part of the study, L1-antibodies and IFNg, TNF-a as well as IL-18 were determined by the Institute of Virology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Leipzig. At the end of the study, biopsies of mucosa were taken for detection of viral genome. In a pre-study, three Labrador Retrievers at 14 weeks of age were challenged with 15 μl of virus suspension (40 μg of COPV-L1 Protein/ml) per site by scarification of oral mucosa. Papillomas developed at all challenged sites. These were removed during the period of growth and handed over to the Institute of Virology of the Faculty of Summary 70 Veterinary Medicine of the University of Leipzig for preparation of the suspension used in the main study. In the main study, 13 Labrador Retrievers at 14 weeks of age were challenged with 10 μl of virus suspension (40 μg of COPV-L1 Protein/ml) per site by scarification of three areas of the left oral mucosa. All animals developed at least at one site warts, totally 88 % of the challenged sites showed papillomas. 44 Days after infection, 12 dogs were divided into two groups which did not differ in time of incubation and size of the papillomas. Over a period of four weeks, one group received a total of five dosis of Baypamune®, the other group five dosis of placebo. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the period of growth, period of regression, size and morphology of the papillomas. The administration of Baypamune® during the period of growth had no effect on the clinical course of COP in this trial. However, time of application of the substances should be considered critically, since papillomas of five animals had been in regression before the first application of Baypamune® and placebo had taken place. No deterioration of liver cells could be ascertained. There was no difference between the groups regarding packed cell volume, white blood count and differentiation throughout the study. Parameters of unspecific immunity determined by the Institute of Virology, IFN-γ, TNF-a und IL-18, delivered no evaluable results. However, four animals of the placebogroup showed Papilloma-DNA in the Biopsies taken, but none of the animals, that received Baypamune®, being this a possible indicator for stimulation of cellular immunity. Anti-L1-Antibodies rose earlier in the Baypamune®group than in the placebogroup. In conclusion therapeutic efficacy of Baypamune® in dogs with present COP could not be shown in this trial, making future investigation necessary.

The increasing number of registrations and usage of private airplanes have an outside impact of aviation emissions. This paper describes a design intervention to reduce private aviation specifically, and business travel in general, by use of holographic video conferencing technologies that seek to address deficiencies in current videoconferencing technologies. With an open-source technology roadmap for an interoperable holoconferencing system in mind, a campaign object – the COPCube – was created that will be used to lobby policymakers at the upcoming COP28 conference in Dubai, UAE, to reduce private travel, by example and regulation, and to invest in development of alternative technologies such as described in the paper.

Theoretical part of the thesis summarizes state of art in the field of interaction of sound stimuli with the vestibular system and balance control. Further it summarizes the effect of cochlear implantation on the peripheral vestibular structures and on the stance stability. Cochlear implantation is effective way of hearing rehabilitation. Nevertheless surgery in the region of the inner ear results in reduction of function of the peripheral vestibular structures on the implanted side. The functional deficit of the peripheral vestibular system induced by the surgery is well tolerated by patients and quickly spontaneously subside. Sound available to the patients after implantation is one of the important modalities needed for balance control. In patients with balance deficit was found higher reliance on hearing when maintaining stable stance. Some sounds can reduce postural sway. Namely listening to the broadband noise (such as white and pink) results in reduction of postural sway. The balance control also relies on the ability to localize sound source. Information about position of sound source can be utilized as point of reference for driving balance reactions. Experimental part of the thesis quantifies changes in stance stability in patients with cochlear implants using stabilometry. The...

An architectural proposal for the upcoming UNFCCC COP 25 climate talks, promoting sustainability and the global export of engineered timber from Sweden.

In this multivariate correlational study, the researcher examined the course culture of an online graduate course whose environment exhibited characteristics of a Community of practice (CoP). An online survey captured data used to explore the relationships among variables shown to describe a CoP in field environments and among student perceptions of their experience in the course culture. A canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and commonality analysis (CA) were conducted using five predictor variables and three criterion variables to evaluate the degree and direction of the relationships. The CCA revealed that the full model was significant, explaining approximately 74% of the variance among the two synthetic variates. Impact, faculty leadership, and connection were the largest contributors to the predictor variate. The criterion variate was primarily explained by value and perceived CoP, with exposure to the profession providing a smaller contribution. The CA confirmed these findings. Results from this study indicate that a CoP could be fostered in an online graduate course. The overall significance of the model indicates teachers can nurture an environment wherein graduate students will take the initiative to work with others to create and acquire knowledge that creates a sense of professional connection with each other and with the profession overall. The results of this study suggest further empirical research in implementing and assessing CoPs in online graduate courses is warranted.