Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva upplevelser hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen hade i mötet med den döende patienten. Vidare var syftet att beskriva hur hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen hanterade svårigheter som kunde uppstå i mötet med den döende patienten. Metod: Artikelsökningar genomfördes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och Science Direct. Inklusionskriterier var vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan åren 2000 – 2011, tillgängliga i fulltext, skrivna på svenska eller engelska samt att målgruppen var patienter 19 år och äldre. Huvudresultat: Flertalet studier visade att erfarenhet av omvårdnadsarbete med döende patienter skapade kunskap och trygghet för hälso- och sjukvårdpersonalen. Detta bidrog till en positiv inställning till omvårdnad av döende. Vidare visade studier att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal upplevde arbetet med döende emotionellt påfrestande. För att hantera dessa känslor samt den stress de orsakade hos hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal användes individuella copingstrategier. Slutsats: Erfarenhet av arbete med döende patienter resulterade i positiva känslor hos hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Bristande erfarenhet i vård av döende skapade känslor som rädsla, ensamhet, stress samt hjälplöshet. De upplevelser som skapade negativa känslor hanterades individuellt med hjälp av copingstrategier, exempelvis humor, distansering och med stöd från kollegor.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the awareness of stress and coping strategies of the directors of elementary schools in Taiwan. A total of 103 directors were randomly drawn as subjects from elementary schools in Kaohsiung city of southern Taiwan. Data collected were analyzed through t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results indicate that awareness of directors¡¦ job stress is below the average, with higher degree on ¡§administration load¡¨, and lower degree on ¡§interpersonal relationship¡¨. Rational thinking is more frequently adopted by directors for coping with job stress. Significant differences in stress awareness were found only on gender, educational and professional background, so were age, and professional background in coping strategies.

Literature has indicated that there are psychological characteristics in elite athletes of various sports that are significantly different than those of non-elite level athletes. The purpose of this study was to discover the different psychological characteristics associated with elite level gymnasts, and contrast the results with psychological characteristics of competitive gymnasts of other levels using the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28. Participants in this study were 195 gymnasts from gymnastics training centers throughout the United States. Results indicated that there was a significant difference in the Personal Resources Score (PCR) between the elite gymnast and all other levels. Furthermore, a significant difference was demonstrated among four of the seven sub-scales making up the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28. The study supports the hypothesis that the psychological make-up of "elite" level gymnasts is different than that of other competitive gymnastics levels.

The purpose of this dissertation was to develop a reliable and valid measure to assess coping responses to weight-related discrepancy in women. The decision to create such a measure stemmed from the difficulties individuals have with initiation and consistent regulation of weight-related behavior. When salient, perceived discrepancies with one’s weight or body can be emotionally laden, producing negative affective responses and discontent, labeled here as dissatisfaction. The individual must then find ways to cope. However, not all coping responses are equal, and are theorized to have varied impacts on future regulation of weight loss efforts. The present research addressed these issues by developing a theoretically-based measure, labeled the WEIGHT-COPE. The WEIGHT-COPE originally sought to capture healthy and unhealthy problem-focused coping efforts to lose weight, as well as approach and avoidance coping efforts theorized as more distal influences on problem-focused efforts. The WEIGHT-COPE and other relevant measures were completed by 470 females ages 18-35 years. Results of an exploratory factor analysis revealed a 38-item measure consisting of eight coping factors: Exercise/Physical Activity, Healthy Eating, Cutting Calories/Appetite Suppression, Supplement Use, Monitor/Planning, Disengage/Denial, Camouflage, and Acceptance/Positive Reframing. All factors were internally consistent ( = 0.71 to 0.89), and converged with other pertinent measures of weight satisfaction, weight controllability/changeability, social physique anxiety, self-esteem, weight loss efficacy, physical activity level, dietary intake and objectified body consciousness. To test theoretical implications on future self-regulation of weight loss behavior, a structural regression model was run utilizing the WEIGHT-COPE factors. The factors were associated in a theoretically-driven pattern, illustrating that coping responses to weight-related discrepancy have varied impact on weight loss behavior choice. Thus, the present findings provide preliminary support for the WEIGHT-COPE and suggest that individuals cope with weight-related discrepancy in different ways, which may then have various impacts future self-regulation of weight loss behavior. / text

This dissertation study sought to explore the hidden resilience among a homeless young adult population (ages 18-24). The majority of research conducted on homeless young adults remains limited to examining their multiple challenges and risk factors. While the high rates of substance use issues, mental health problems and trauma implicit in their lives warrant attention, research on the unconventional resilience of this group may enable service providers to better understand their unique needs. Recently researchers have begun to address the strengths and unique personal capabilities of this population. This dissertation follows this trend and utilizes the social estrangement model as a conceptual framework to examine predictors of resilience. Variables were examined within the context of four domains implicit in the social estrangement model that represent the amount of estrangement that exists in the lives of homeless young adults. The four domains explored within this conceptual framework included, institutional disaffiliation, psychological functioning, human capital and identification with the homeless culture. Findings from this study revealed that homeless young adults' self-esteem and optimistic perspectives of the future predicted higher resiliency, while drug dependency predicted lower resiliency. Additionally, homeless young adults' coping served as a mediating variable between their levels of self-esteem and optimistic perspectives of the future with resiliency. Implications for professionals working with a homeless young adult population include developing and strengthening substance preventions programs tailored to uniquely address their resiliency needs. Additionally, social workers and other direct service providers may incorporate intervention strategies that focus on improving self-esteem and increasing young adults' optimistic perspectives of the future. Homeless young adults will benefit from working with professionals who have a better understanding of their lives on streets and the unique coping strategies and survival skills that enable them to persist in a dangerous environment. Recognizing the strengths and resilience that homeless young adults are capable of, and incorporating strength-based perspectives in work with this group may empower these young adults to make positive choices and increase the likelihood of transitioning out of homelessness. / text

Sleep matters for adolescents. It matters for physical and mental health, for success in the classroom and in extracurricular activities, for safety while driving and for protection against potential future psychological problems and substance abuse. Although the recommended nightly amount of sleep for adolescents is over nine hours, many factors interact to preclude teens from getting the sleep they need. This study uses a biocultural, multi-method approach to examine how biological, cultural, and environmental factors interact to affect adolescent sleep behavior in a cohort of 50 high school freshmen in the United States. High school is a place where adolescents learn social and academic skills that will carry them into adult life, but it also provides a space where they are socialized into "how to sleep." By exploring sleep and related behaviors, including ways to cope with inadequate sleep, in a group of teens who were 14 or 15 years old and evenly divided between White and Hispanic and male and female participants, this research explores how sleep is embedded within webs of individual, household-level, school-specific and societal factors. Beyond examining how advice about sleep and teens' experience of sleep behavior is internalized and embodied by adolescents, special attention is paid to the relationships between personal technology use and sleep, and also to the relationships among sleep and food and caffeine intake.

Forskning om arbetsrelaterad stress och coping är viktig eftersom det påverkar upplevd hälsa. Forskare anser att man bör studera hälsofrämjande faktorer och ge förslag på åtgärder för att minska stress som annars orsakar stort individuellt lidande och kostnader för samhället. Utifrån ett salutogent perspektiv fokuserade denna studie på långtidsfriska undersköterskor på ett akutsjukhus och hur de upplevde stressiga situationer, vilka copingstrategier de använde och förslag på åtgärder för att förbättra arbetssituationen. Åtta halvstrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes, tolkades och bearbetades enligt ett induktivt tematiskt analyssätt. Undersköterskorna beskrev tre övergripande stressorer: tung arbetsbörda, brister i arbetsorganisationen och personalkonflikter vilket är kännetecken för arbetsuppgifter med stora krav och litet kontroll. De copingstrategier undersköterskorna använde sig framför allt av var problem- (ex. man tog sig an problemet) och emotionsfokuserade (ex. man pratade med andra). Slutligen framträdde förbättringsåtgärder för att åtgärda ovanstående stressorer. Samtliga resultat överensstämde med tidigare forskning och visar på behovet av att förbättra brister i arbetsorganisationen.

Tracking and addressing police members' effectiveness in areas that could impact on the standard of their services are important. Burnout, job stress and ways to cope are specific focus areas in this regard. Previous research indicates relationships between burnout, job stress and coping while such relationships in the SAPS in the Free State have not yet been investigated. The objectives of this research were to determine the reliability and validity of the MBI-GS for SAPS members in the Free State, and secondly to determine the relationship between job stress and burnout, and thirdly to determine whether coping strategies can moderate or mediate the relationship between job stress and burnout A stratified random sample of 332 police personnel in the Free State was taken. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MI-GS), Police Stress Inventory (PSI) and the Cope Questionnaire (COPE) were used as measuring instruments. Cronbach alpha coefficients, inter-item correlation coefficients, Pearson-product correlation coefficients and canonical correlation coefficients were used to analyse the data. Structural equation modelling (SEM) methods were used to construct coping models of burnout. Structural equation modelling confirmed a 3-factor model of burnout. All three factors showed acceptable internal consistencies. Job stress was associated with exhaustion, which led to cynicism. Job stress was independently related to lower levels of professional efficacy. Active coping and seeking emotional support moderate the relationship between job stress and professional efficacy. Avoidance moderates the relationship between job stress and exhaustion and mediates the relationship between job stress and cynicism. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur cancerpatienter ser på stöd i samband med sjukdom samt vilka faktorer är det som gör att vissa människor klarar av att hantera sjukdomar medan vissa har större benägenhet att fastna i kriser och hamna i depression. För syftet valdes den kvalitativa forskningsansatsen och vidare valdes Ad-hoc metoden som intervjuanalys då målet och mitt fokus som forskare låg i att skapa mening och sammanhang i materialet. Två kvinnor har intervjuats vid ett tillfälle och till grund för det transkriberade intervjumaterialet ligger tidigare forskning om stöd vid sjukdom, upplevelser av sjukdom, KASAM, coping, kristeori och depression i samband med cancer. Resultat och analys består av utdrag från respondenternas beskrivelser och berättelser samt citat kopplat och knutet till tidigare forskning och teoretiska perspektiv. I resultatet framgår hur kvinnorna upplevde stödet under sjukdom såväl som efter, KASAM och coping samt fokus på personliga faktorer för livskvalité.

Forskningens syfte var att kartlägga upplevd stress bland brottare, hur upplevelserna påverkat dem samt vilka copingstrategier som användes. Metoden som användes för denna undersökning var kvalitativa intervjuer med ett fenomenologiskt synsätt. Undersökningen visade att stress var något som alla deltagande brottare har upplevt och som de på olika sätt blivit påverkade utav. De flesta ansåg att stressen främst berodde på tidsbrist, pressen att prestera samt förväntningar från andra. De vanligaste biverkningarna av stressen var framförallt mentala såsom irritation och meningslöshet men också fysiska som magont och nervositet. Vilka copingstrategier som fungerade effektivast för brottarna varierade men de vanligaste strategierna var att lyssna på musik eller att överlåta ansvaret på tränare eller familjemedlemmar.