This study looked at how children who are exposed to the impact of HIV/AIDS in their immediate families are affected and what coping strategies they employ. Research was conducted in Lusaka, Zambia, involving eight female and eight male Zambian children between the ages of thirteen and sixteen, as research participants. Separate gender specific focus group discussions were held, after which the recorded proceedings were transcribed and analysed using thematic content analysis. The study found that children experience socioeconomic difficulties, psychosocial deprivations, and insecurity as a result of parental death or illness. However, they are still able to find ways to survive and cope with their difficulties. State and private sector efforts have focussed primarily on addressing the socioeconomic needs of these children as this has been understood to be the most critical. The psychological impact of HIV/AIDS on children in Zambia, and the resultant needs that arise, will need to be tackled as a matter of priority.

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’exploiter l’adaptation interculturelle des étudiants-sojourners chinois en France, et plus précisément en premier lieu leur parcours personnel, en second lieu leurs stratégies en face des difficultés d’adaptation dans l’apprentissage du métier d’étudiant étranger et celui du métier d’étudiant adulte. Actuellement, plus de 30.000 étudiants chinois s’inscrivent chaque année en enseignement supérieur en France. Éloignés de leur pays natal, ils doivent s'adapter à un nouvel environnement. Du fait de leurs difficultés à communiquer dans une langue étrangère, des différences culturelles et sociales et de la pression économique, une partie des étudiants chinois rencontrent des problèmes, tant sur le plan physique que psychologique pendant leur séjour en France : difficultés dans leur adaptation à un système éducatif nouveau, dans la manière d'appréhender une culture différente (barrière de la langue, mode de vie, etc..). Du point de vue théorique nous nous situons dans une perspective historico-culturelle du psychisme, avec l’idée que les processus psychiques sont dépendants du contexte dans lesquels ils se développent, la théorie des champs conceptuels proposée par Gérard Vergnaud. Du point de vue des concepts et recherches, nous utilisons notamment Culture shock de Oberg, Courbe en U de Lysgaard, Pression-adaptation-croissance dynamique de Kim et Stratégies d’acculturation de Berry ; d’autres réflexions concernent les facteurs d’influence sur l’adaptation interculturelle et favorisent notre analyses des données. Ce travail a mis en œuvre une méthode de construction des données impliquant le croisement de plusieurs techniques de recueil des données (cross-fertilisation, Acioly-Régnier, 2010) qui combine l’observation ethnographique, le récit de vie par bande-dessinées personnalisée et l’entretien d’auto-confrontation simple. Ont ainsi été abordés divers aspects de l’adaptation des étudiants : passage du projet à la venue en France, rapport à l’enseignement et à l’administration française, vie quotidienne extra universitaire, intégration sociale, projet au-delà du séjour. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que les étudiants-sojourners chinois s’adaptent d’autant mieux qu’ils ont des véritables stratégies pour réagir à de nouveaux contextes. Il a également été confirmé que dans leur adaptation interculturelle, les étudiants-sojourners chinois étudiés pratiquent une stratégie convertible multidimensionnelle. / The objective of this research is to exploit the intercultural adaptation of the Chinese sojourners - students in France, and more exactly first of all their personal course, secondly their strategies in front of the difficulties of adaptation in the learning of the job of foreign student and that of the job of grown-up student. At present, more than 30.000 Chinese students join every year higher education in France. Taken away from their native country, they have to adapt themselves to a new environment. Because of their difficulties communicating in a foreign language, cultural and social differences and economic pressure, a part of the Chinese students meet problems, both on the plan physical and psychological during their stay in France: difficulties in their adaptation to a new education system, in the way of taking a new and different culture (language barrier, lifestyle, etc.). From the theoretical point of view we are situated in a historico-cultural prospect of the psyche, with the idea that the psychic processes are dependent on the context in which they develop (the theory of the conceptual fields was proposed by Gérard Vergnaud). From the point of view of the concepts and the searches, we use in particular Culture shock of Oberg, U Curved for Kim's dynamic Lysgaard, Pression-adaptation-croissance and Strategies of acculturation of Berry; other reflections concern the factors of influence on the intercultural adaptation and favour our data analyses. This work has implemented a method of construction of the data involving the crossing of several techniques of data collection (cross-fertilization, Acioly-Régnier, on 2010) which combines the ethnographical observation, the narrative of life by band drawn personalized and the maintenance of simple auto-confrontation. Several aspects of the adaptation of the students were approached: passage of the project in the coming in France, relationship with the education and in the French administration, the extra university everyday life, the social integration, the project beyond the stay. The results of this research show that the Chinese sojourners students adapt themselves all the better since they have real strategies to react to new contexts. It was also confirmed that in their intercultural adaptation, the Chinese sojourners students practise a multidimensional convertible strategy.

The aim of this study was to gain an increased understanding of how social worker’s in Sweden experience, manage and prevent secondary traumatization at work. It was a phenomenological and qualitative study were the results was collected through semi-structured interviews with social worker’s. The result has been interpreted from the coping theories by Lazarus and Folkman. The result shows that the majority of the social worker’s that we interviewed experience secondary traumatization and use different coping stratigies to handle said trauma. The main problemfocused coping strategies constitues coaching sessions and also simply being prepared. The more often used emotional strategies includes, among others, social support, self-care, reflection and avoidance. Social worker’s use different strategies during similar situations which is mainly based on their own personality, experiances and knowledge. A sense of purpose, competence building, and a balance between work- and private life are largely perceived to be the most important preventative factors, where both the organization and the individual need to take their respective responsibility.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-04-25T12:25:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Laryssa Nunes Mohn.pdf: 643467 bytes, checksum: 8b05feaf7e12a154c7759d5c5b8a81af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T12:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laryssa Nunes Mohn.pdf: 643467 bytes, checksum: 8b05feaf7e12a154c7759d5c5b8a81af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-03 / Issues related to violence have drawn attention and become the object of study of different areas of knowledge. Note, increasingly, that violence against adolescents has increased not only in Brazil but worldwide. However, despite the impact of such violence be multiple, there are individual variations. Knowing how the teenager faces the consequences of exposure to violence is of utmost importance not only to broaden the understanding of this phase of development, but also to bring important information to prepare care programs, prevention and treatment for adolescents. This study is the result and conclusion of the Master in Psychology, held at the Graduate program stricto sensu of the Catholic University of Goiás, in the search line Psychopathology Clinical and Health. This study aims to survey in literature of the last ten years than has been produced on adolescents exposed to violent livings and their coping strategies, and bring to understand how teens goianos have noticed these livings that are exposed and their coping strategies in response to these events. This research originated from the need for material on the subject and also the necessity of deepening of issues related to violent livings and adolescents, such as coping forms the adolescents goianos before exposure to violent events, as well as their perceptions respect of such acts, if culture influences these experiences and ways of coping, whether gender affects the way teenagers behave before them and the consequences of exposure of adolescents. To meet the goal, the dissertation was organized into two chapters, the first entitled "Systematic review of the production of articles on violence, adolescence and coping", which aims to raise in the literature of the past ten years, related articles with adolescence, violence and coping with the intention to find out what is being produced on the subject. In the second chapter, "An empirical study on how teenagers goianos face episodes of violence suffered," seeks to categorize the problems described by goianos adolescents and to verify the correlation between violent livings, their types and nature and strategies coping goianos adolescents. Through these results, we can foster discussion on the topic, as well as contribute to the create programs and actions for the promotion, prevention and treatment of these adolescents, considering the particularities and complexities involving this period human development. / Os temas relacionados à violência têm chamado a atenção e se tornado objeto de estudo de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Nota-se, cada vez mais, que a violência contra o adolescente tem aumentado não só no Brasil, mas em todo o mundo. No entanto, apesar do impacto desse tipo de violência ser múltiplo, existem variações individuais. Conhecer a forma como o adolescente enfrenta as consequências da exposição à violência é de extrema importância não só por ampliar o entendimento dessa fase do desenvolvimento, como também por trazer informações importantes para a elaboração de programas de atendimento, prevenção e tratamento para adolescentes. O presente estudo foi resultado e conclusão do curso de Mestrado em Psicologia, realizado no programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, na linha de pesquisa Psicopatologia Clínica e da Saúde. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento, na literatura dos últimos dez anos, do que tem sido produzido sobre adolescentes expostos a vivências violentas e suas estratégias de coping, além de intentar compreender como os adolescentes goianos têm percebido essas vivências a que são expostos e suas estratégias de coping diante de tais eventos. Esta investigação originou-se da necessidade de material sobre o tema e também da indispensabilidade de aprofundamento das questões relacionadas às vivências violentas e aos adolescentes, tais como: as formas de enfrentamento dos adolescentes goianos ante a exposição a eventos violentos, assim como suas percepções a respeito de tais atos, se a cultura influencia essas vivências e as formas de enfrentamento, se o gênero interfere na forma como os adolescentes se portam ante elas e as consequências dessas exposições dos adolescentes. Para cumprir o objetivo, organizou-se a dissertação em dois capítulos, sendo o primeiro intitulado “Revisão sistemática sobre as produções de artigos acerca da violência, adolescência e coping”, que tem como finalidade levantar, na literatura dos últimos dez anos, artigos relacionados com a adolescência, a violência e o coping, com a intenção de averiguar o que está sendo produzido sobre o assunto. No segundo capítulo, “Estudo empírico sobre como os adolescentes goianos enfrentam os episódios de violência sofridos”, busca-se categorizar os problemas descritos pelos adolescentes goianos, além de averiguar a existência de correlação entre vivências violentas, seus tipos e natureza e as estratégias de coping de adolescentes goianos. Por meio dos resultados encontrados, podese fomentar a discussão sobre o tema, bem com contribuir para que se criem programas e ações voltadas para a promoção, a prevenção e o tratamento desses adolescentes, considerando-se as particularidades e complexidades que envolvem esse período do desenvolvimento humano.

Stressrelaterade besvär är ett stort samhällsproblem inte minst bland studenter. Tidigare forskning tyder på att stress är ett multifaktoriellt fenomen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka relationen mellan stress och kön, akademisk self-efficacy, copingstrategier samt fysisk aktivitet. Hundratjugosju högskolestudenter, varav 43 män besvarade en enkät innehållande frågor om kön, fysisk aktivitet, stress, copingstrategier och akademisk self-efficacy. De etablerade instrumenten var: Perceived Stress Scale, Brief Cope och College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale. Resultaten visade att kvinnor upplevde högre grad av stress än män. Resultatet visade positiv korrelation mellan stress och undvikande emotionella copingstrategier. En negativ korrelation visades mellan stress och akademisk self-efficacy, samt mellan stress och problemfokuserade copingstrategier. Vidare resultat visade att akademisk self-efficacy och copingstrategier (problemfokuserade, aktiva emotionella, undvikande emotionella) kunde förklara störst varians i högskolestudenternas upplevda stress. Framtida forskning bör var av kvalitativ karaktär och bedrivas med copingstrategier som utgångspunkt för att fånga individens subjektiva upplevelse av stresshantering.

Many children experience symptoms of mental health problems and a significant proportion reach clinical thresholds of psychological disorder. It has been argued that the rising incidence of these problems and widespread failure to scale effective treatments for those in need means that prevention and early intervention in the development of emotional and behavioural problems is a public health priority. Child development is shaped by many forces, including for example parenting and peer relationships, this PhD is very specifically interested in the consequences of stress for children’s emotions and behaviour. Although the effects of stress are largely deemed negative, striking individual differences are almost universally observed. In the context of equivalent stressors, some children experience poorer outcomes, some remain relatively unaffected and others appear to experience better outcomes. Understanding what causes these differences is important for advancing our knowledge of the stress process, and is also key to designing services to improve children’s emotions and behaviour. This PhD has four aims. Firstly, it examines the relationship between two routine, school- based stressors and children’s emotional and behavioural outcomes. Secondly, it investigates the role of the cognitive appraisal process in accounting for individual differences in those outcomes. Thirdly, it examines the conditions under which cognitive appraisal operates, both in terms of its role as an organiser of coping efforts and cortisol (a stress hormone) as well as the extent to which children display consistency in their appraisals across contexts. Fourthly, it outlines the implications of the study for policy and practice efforts to improve children’s emotions and behaviour. The empirical study was designed as a prospective longitudinal study, following 66 children over the course of one year in which they experienced two routine, school-based stressors (KS2 exams and transition). Participants were recruited via opportunity sampling methods, and a combination of psychological and physiological data were collected at four time points.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar as estratégias de enfrentamento da ansiedade na performance musical utilizadas por mestrandos do curso de Pós-Graduação em Práticas Interpretativas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) na preparação e realização de recital avaliativo de Mestrado. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo multicasos, com abordagem fenomenológica, qualitativa e descritiva, abarcando três estudantes de instrumentos distintos – flauta transversal, piano e violão. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados se deram através de entrevista semiestruturada e observação dos momentos de preparação do repertório e realização do recital, registrado em áudio e vídeo. Os dados analisados foram abordados individualmente e também transversalizados, mostrando semelhanças e diferenças entre os casos. Os resultados apontam para ampla variedade de estratégias utilizadas pelos mestrandos, bem como a existência de inter-relações entre elas. Ocorreram momentos marcantes e distintos de ansiedade na performance musical durante a preparação e realização do recital, associados a diferentes causas e geradores de variados tipos de sintomas. / This research aims to investigate strategies for coping with music performance anxiety used by graduate students of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) in a judged recital. The methodology used was the multi-cases study, with phenomenological, qualitative and descriptive approaches, including three students of different instruments - flute, piano and guitar. The data, collected through semi-structured interviews, observation and recordings during the study sessions and performances, were individually investigated and compared, showing similarities and differences in the strategies used by the students. The results pointed to a wide variety of interrelated strategies used by the students, as well as different anxiety situations associated to different causes and symptoms.

Från att ha setts som ett kall har synen på sjuksköterskeyrket successivt förändrats till att vara en profession med helt nya krav. Vi lever idag i ett 24-timmars samhälle och bedriver sjukvård dygnet runt. Att arbeta på oregelbunden arbetstid – skiftarbete, har många negativa effekter på hälsan. Dygnsrytmen rubbas, och kan ge biologiska, fysiologiska och sociala störningar vilket gör att sjuksköterskans livsvärld påverkas och därmed också hennes hälsa vilket kan leda till lidande och utmattningssymtom. Skiftarbete är en vanlig företeelse inom sjuksköterskeyrket. Syftet med studien är att undersöka och belysa om det finns åtgärder som minskar hälsoriskerna för skiftarbetande sjuksköterskor. Metoden som använts är en litteraturstudie som bygger på kvantitativa och kvalitativa artiklar. I resultatet redovisas fem huvudgrupper där åtgärder kan vidtas; sjuksköterskans arbetsmiljö, sjuksköterskans stöd, arbetsschemats utformning, sjuksköterskans egenvård och ansvar och sjuksköterskans tolerans för skiftarbete. I diskussionen belyses åtgärderna och dess förtjänster men även motsatsförhållanden och diskrepanser mellan olika forskningsresultat. Arbetstiderna i vårt samhälle är under förändring och tendensen går mot kompaktare men också flexiblare arbetstider, mycket beroende på EU. / Program: Fristående kurs

Background: Sexual abuse is a highly distressing traumatic experience that negatively affects the lives of sexual abuse survivors. The number of individuals who reported sexual abuse has increased, which makes it a public and global concern. As a result, survivors of sexual abuse turn to counselling to cope with the traumatic impacts. Counsellors, psychotherapists, and psychologists engage in deep and meaningful explorations of the sexual abuse in order to support survivors. However, very little is known about the impacts and coping strategies involved in this type of work. Objectives: The objective of this study, therefore, was to explore the experiences of UK-based counselling professionals who counsel survivors of sexual abuse. The research questions were as follows: 1. What is the impact of counselling survivors of sexual abuse? and 2. What self-care strategies and coping techniques have been beneficial when counselling survivors of sexual abuse? Method: An inductive qualitative design was used for the purposes of this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve UK-based counselling professionals who provided counselling to individuals who had experienced sexual abuse. The collected data were then analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: The themes developed from the first research question revealed a number of ways in which counselling survivors of sexual abuse affected counselling professionals. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: work-related impacts, impacts on personal wellbeing and relationship impacts. These themes encompassed a total of fourteen sub-themes. Another two main themes were developed when exploring participants' self-care techniques and coping strategies: holistic self-care and work environment selfcare. Both of these main themes incorporated twelve more sub-themes. These are introduced and outlined in depth in turn. Conclusions: This research has provided a unique insight into the impacts and coping strategies of UK-based counselling professionals working with survivors of sexual abuse. The findings suggest that the counsellors experienced a number of negative impacts, some of which were perceived as traumatic in nature. Further, the impacts were not limited to the counsellors themselves; partners, children, extended family, and friends were also affected by the work. Such far-reaching impacts of sexual trauma have not been sufficiently explored previously. Contrary to the negative tendencies expressed in the research literature, some of the findings indicate positive aspects, such as high job satisfaction and evolved personal growth. The findings of this study provide a rare insight into the useful self-care techniques and copings strategies specific for counselling survivors of sexual abuse. Although the strategies are similar to those used in other areas of counselling, they emphasize organisational and educational responsibilities to support counsellors' wellbeing. Suggestions are proposed for research, educational, organisational, and ethical developments.

This research investigated the main sources of occupational stress that tertiary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers experience in the United Arab Emirates. A secondary focus was to identify the coping strategies used by EFL teachers who exhibit low levels of stress, and what types of support were needed by EFL teachers who exhibited moderate to high levels of stress. While theories abound in the literature on the reasons for stress and its consequences for teachers, little is known about the role of coping strategies and their specific usefulness in eradicating stress. Given the nature of the research questions, an interpretivist mixed methods approach was deemed appropriate. Data collection methods included a pre-tested online survey followed by 26 semi-structured interviews and a Likert-style questionnaire which were used to gain an in-depth understanding of the quantitative aspects of stress levels. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were used to examine the coping strategies of 113 self-identified EFL teachers with low stress levels. They were analysed through theme analysis and triangulated with other data to increase the robustness of the results. The sources of teacher stress derived from the analysis are ranked according to the 20 cited as most significant by the participants. They are discussed in detail under the headings of stressors related to classroom teaching, administration leadership style, professional issues and their own assessment as teachers. The strategies teachers use to cope with these stresses are varied and range from activities to attitudes. Key recommendations for the teaching faculty centre on general health and well-being, and overall workplace focus. Clearly, EFL teachers suffering from workplace stress must take care of themselves physically, psychologically and emotionally. Yet teachers in the UAE also expressed a desire for administrators who practice more democratic leadership styles, and acknowledged that the attitudes of their students toward learning English had a considerable impact on their own practices. Further inquiry is recommended into a more complete examination of teacher stressors and their relationship to cultural factors, specifically two of the cultural dimensions found in the UAE (power distance and uncertainty avoidance), which were found to be particularly relevant to stressors in the category of leadership style and practices.