Interiors are often dealing with the notion of front and back. Physically, with walls facing the occupant and concealing a “behind”, a backside, perhaps an adjacent room. But also, in organization; “in the back of the building” meaning the furthest away from the entrance or from the street, the public. There is also a variety of interiors that are backsides them self. Spaces that, in contrast to fronts or “primary” spaces not are intended to be shown perhaps because they are occupied by functions, or people that for some reason are desired to be hidden. The idea of a backside, though, whether considered good or bad, what belongs there and not, has shifted over time. I believe that this is a truly cultural issue, governed by social constructions that stabilize and become customs in the fabrication of interiors. In this project have I studied and reworked the information from a few domestic interiors. Through the methods of inverting and full-scale construction, have I investigated what a “backside of an interior” is, what it does and how the treatment of it has changed over time. In my studies, I have found that a contemporary apartment interior attempts to seamlessly exclude the “backside”, just like the parlours of a 100 years old bourgeoise palace. But in the contemporary apartment, it is because of praxis and standardization, and not because of what ideas govern the design. By building a full-scale part of an actual contemporary apartment - where I invert and reorganize the order of how it would have been costume - the praxis is brought to light and questioned.

[pt] Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o desempenho e a resistência de cantoneiras curtas de abas iguais pultrudadas em polímero reforçado com fibra de vidro (PRFV) submetidas à compressão centrada de curta duração. Os fundamentos teóricos associados ao comportamento de cantoneiras perfeitas e reais são apresentados e os resultados de um programa experimental que envolveu caracterização dos materiais e ensaios à compressão são reportados e discutidos. Ao todo, vinte e uma colunas bi-engastadas com diferentes razões largura/espessura das abas, comprimentos e propriedades mecânicas foram testadas. As forças críticas experimentais para o modo de flambagem à flexo-torção foram determinadas e comparadas com as previsões teóricas, apresentando boa concordância. A resistência à compressão de cada coluna foi obtida experimentalmente, discutindo-se a influência do comportamento pós-flambagem e das imperfeições na capacidade de carga final com relação à esperada para coluna perfeita e, finalmente, uma equação para resistência de coluna é proposta para resolver o problema. / [en] This paper aims to investigate performance and strength of glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) pultruded short equal leg angle columns subject to short-term concentric compression. Background theories associated with the behavior of perfect and real angle struts are presented and the results of an experimental program that involved material characterization and compression tests are reported and discussed. In all, twenty-one fixed-ended columns having different leg width-to-thickness ratio and lengths and mechanical properties were tested. Experimental critical loads for flexural-torsional buckling mode were determined and compared with theoretical predictions, showing a good agreement with each other. Compressive strength for each column was obtained, the influence of post-buckling behavior and imperfections in the final load-carrying capacity with respect to that expected for perfect column condition is discussed and, finally, a column strength equation is proposed to address the problem.

L’originalité de ce travail est d’étudier la contribution des nanocelluloses pour limiter deux défauts courant dans les papiers sécurités: le froissage et les “cornes”, où plis qui se manifestent dans les angles des papiers. Ces défauts sont principalement causés par une manipulation quotidienne de ces papiers à haute valeur ajoutée, et sont responsables d’une perte en qualité visuelle et mécanique ainsi que de troubles économiques. Les nanocellulose peuvent être divisées en deux différentes familles de matériaux : les nanofibrilles de celluloses (NFCs) et les nanocristaux de cellulose (NCCs). Les NFCs sont longues et flexibles et peuvent facilement s’enchevêtrer pour former un réseau cohésif maintenu par de nombreuses liaisons hydrogènes. Les NCCs sont des matériaux petits et rigides, et leurs impressionantes propriétés mécaniques font d’eux des candidats intéressants pour être utilisés en renfort de polymère. Dans cette étude, deux stratégies sont proposées pour incorporer ces deux types de nanocellulose dans la fabrication du papier sécurité. Premièrement, il est question d’introduire une couche de NFCs à l’intérieur du papier afin d’augmenter la résistance de ce papier au froissage. Ensuite, il est question d’imprégner ce papier avec de l’alcool polyvinylique renforcé par des NCCs afin d’augmenter la résistance aux cornes. Enfin, ces approches sont testées à l’échelle pilote et industrielle. / The original feature of this work is the use of nanocellulose for limiting two security paper defects: corner folds, also called “dog-ears”, and crumpling. These defects, caused principally by daily handling of these high added value documents, are responsible for a decrease of paper visual and mechanical quality and constitute an economic loss. Nanocellulose can be divided into two different families: cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). CNFs are long and flexible materials with the ability to entangle and form a network strongly maintained by hydrogen bonds. CNCs are short and rigid materials whose outstanding mechanical properties make them good candidates for reinforcement in a polymer matrix. In this study, two strategies are proposed to incorporate these two kinds of nanocellulose in the security paper process. First, it is question to introduce a CNF layer within the paper substrate in order to increase the paper crumpling resistance. Then, it is question to impregnate the paper with CNCs-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) in order to increase the dog-ears resistance. Finally, these approaches are tested at pilot and industrial scales.

an Internal Navigational System and a Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS). In navigational warfare the GNSS can be jammed, therefore are a third navigational system is needed. The system that has been tried in this thesis is camera based navigation. Through a video camera and a sensor reference the position is determined. This thesis will process the matching between the sensor reference and the video image. Two methods have been implemented: normalized cross correlation and position determination through a homography. Normalized cross correlation creates a correlation matrix. The other method uses point correspondences between the images to determine a homography between the images. And through the homography obtain a position. The more point correspondences the better the position determination will be. The results have been quite good. The methods have got the right position when the Euler angles of the UAV have been known. Normalized cross correlation has been the best method of the tested methods.

Orientador: Mara de Andrade Marinho Weill / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T14:26:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pugliesi_AdrianeCristineVasconcelos_M.pdf: 1278525 bytes, checksum: 13ca2c4b187494af68b82af01840563f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A erosão acelerada do solo constitui um processo importante de degradação da qualidade das terras agrícolas e do ambiente circundante. A avaliação dos efeitos da erosão em sistemas de produção agrícola, com ênfase nos aspectos econômicos da produção, representa uma valiosa ferramenta de análise para obtenção de subsídios ao planejamento do uso agrícola em bases sustentáveis. Este trabalho teve por objetivo valorar do ponto de vista econômico a erosão do solo agrícola a partir de diferentes sistemas de cultivo de milho em parcelas experimentais. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Campo Experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola da UNICAMP (SP), na área correspondente às parcelas experimentais, conduzidas com diferentes sistemas de manejo em duas fases designadas por Ensaio Anterior (1990 a 1996) e Ensaio Atual (2003 a 2005). Foram avaliados dados de produtividade das culturas, de perdas de terra e de nutrientes por erosão e calculados os custos de reposição dos nutrientes. Para o Ensaio Anterior, os resultados em termos de produtividade de milho pipoca, indicam o melhor tratamento como tendo sido T1¿ Grade Aradora e o pior T8¿ Enxada Rotativa, sendo o rendimento do primeiro 54% superior em relação ao segundo. Para perda de terra, os resultados revelam que houve significância estatística entre tratamentos sendo que as perdas médias foram menores para os tratamentos conservacionistas, com destaque para o tratamento T4- Plantio Direto. As perdas de nutrientes também diferiram significativamente entre tratamentos, qualificando-as como um importante parâmetro na avaliação econômica do efeito da erosão sobre a qualidade do solo. Com relação ao custo reposição dos nutrientes, as parcelas sob tratamento convencional apresentaram, como esperado, os maiores custos em função das maiores perdas. Para o Ensaio Atual, na safra 2003/04, a produtividade média de grãos das parcelas manejadas sob sistema plantio direto foi de 9.053,33 kg ha-1, contra 8.062,03 kg ha-1 das parcelas sob sistema convencional e na safra 2004/05, os valores foram respectivamente de 8.440,00 kg ha-1 e 7.346,25 kg ha-1. Embora, não tenha sido caracterizada significância estatística entre tratamentos, produtividades superiores em 12% e em 15%, obtidas nas parcelas manejadas sob sistema plantio direto nas duas safras, representam um ganho significativo de receita para o produtor. Em termos absolutos, as perdas de terra por erosão e as perdas de nutrientes foram maiores para o plantio convencional (PC) em relação ao sistema plantio direto (SPD), mas não foi caracterizada significância estatística em função dos elevados coeficientes de variação. Em termos médios, os resultados do custo reposição indicam valores mais baixos nas duas safras para as parcelas sob SPD. A valoração econômica da degradação do solo pela erosão acelerada, utilizando o método de custo reposição dos nutrientes perdidos devido aos processos erosivos, demonstrou ser uma alternativa promissora para avaliação da sustentabilidade de sistemas agrícolas. Embora no presente trabalho apenas parte do custo de degradação por erosão tenha sido valorada, pôde-se observar uma tendência de superioridade em termos dos sistemas agrícolas mais conservacionistas em relação aos sistemas convencionais, no que refere ao controle da erosão e, por conseguinte, à diminuição dos custos de reposição de nutrientes. No presente trabalho, não foi possível comprovar a ocorrência de degradação temporal do solo por erosão, que poderia ser medida pela variação da produtividade da terra, tendo em vista se tratar de um solo resiliente, de baixa erodibilidade, cujo manejo com nutrientes por meio de adubação compensa os efeitos da erosão, mantendo a produtividade do sistema no período analisado / Abstract: Soil erosion is an important process of land and environment degradation. The evaluation of the erosion effects on agricultural production systems, with emphasis in economical aspects of production process, constitutes a valuable tool to acquire useful subsidies to the agricultural use planning in a sustainable basis. The main objective of this work was to apply an economic valuation method, as a manner of including part of the costs due to erosion in the agricultural production process. The study was conducted in the Experimental Area of the Agricultural Engineering College of UNICAMP (SP), in plots used with different management systems. The work was performed in two stages, referred by Previous Essay (1990 to 1996) and Present Essay (2003 to 2005). They were analyzed data of corn yield, soil and nutrients losses. In economic evaluation, the replacement cost approach was used. For Previous Essay (1990 to 1996), the obtained results showed that the biggest value of corn productivity occurred in T1- Heavy harrow treatment and the minor value in T8- Rotary tiller treatment. The yield of the first treatment was 54% larger than that of the second. In relation to soil losses, the differences between treatments were significant. The soil losses were smaller in conservationist treatments, especially in the T4- Direct drilling treatment. Soil nutrient losses were also significantly different between treatments, qualifying them as an important parameter for economic evaluation of the erosion effect on soil quality. The plots under conventional treatments presented the biggest nutrients replacement costs, probably due the major soil losses occurred in these plots. For Present Essay, in the first year (2003/04), the corn average yield from plots under Direct-drilling system was 9,053.33 kg ha-1, against 8,062.03 kg ha-1 obtained from plots under Heavy harrow system. In the second year (2004/05), the values were respectively of 8,440.00 kg ha-1 and 7,346.25 kg ha-1. Although significant differences between treatments were not characterized, gains of 12% and 15% on corn yields from plots under Direct-drilling system represent important increases of income to the producer. The soil and nutrients losses were larger in plots managed under conventional system (heavy harrow); however, significant differences were not characterized in this case, probably due to the high coefficients of variation. The nutrients replacement costs were smaller for the plots under Direct-drilling system. The valuation of soil degradation by erosion using the replacement cost approach is a promising alternative to the economic sustainability evaluation of agricultural systems. Even though in present work only part of the cost of soil degradation due to erosion had been studied, a tendency of advantage of the conservationist systems comparing with the conventional systems could be observed in relation to erosion control and, consequently, to diminishing of nutrients replacement costs. It was not possible to prove the occurrence of temporal soil degradation by erosion, once the soil of experimental plots is productive and has a low erodibility. In this case, the nutrient management with fertilizers is able to mask the erosion effects, maintaining crop productivity / Mestrado / Agua e Solo / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

A model for stress and strain accumulation in strike slip earthquake faults is presented in which a finite width cuboidal fault region is embedded between two cuboidal tectonic plates. Elasto-plastic continuum constitutive equations model the gouge in the fault and the tectonic plates are linear elastic solids obeying the generalised Hooke's law. The model predicts a velocity field which is comparable to surface deformations. The plastic behaviour of the fault material allows the velocities in the tectonic plate to increase to values which are independent of the distance from the fault. Both of the non-trivial stress and strain components accumulate most significantly in the vicinity of the fault. The release of these strains during a dynamic earthquake event would produce the most severe deformations at the fault which is consistent with observations and the notion of an epicenter. The accumulations in the model, however, are at depths larger than would be expected. Plastic strains build up most significantly at the base of the fault which is in yield for the longest length of time but additionally is subject to larger temperatures which makes the material more ductile. The speed of propagation of the elasto-plastic boundary is calculated and its acceleration towards the surface of the fault may be indicative of a dynamic earthquake type event.

The aim of this thesis is automatic alignment of head CT scan. Currently, the alignment is performed manually by an expert, however this process is time consuming. Therefore, methods for automatization of this process are being developed. Two algorithms for alignment in axial and coronal plane were designed based on bilateral symmetry of head. Following an algorithm for alignment in sagittal plane which uses CG-TOB reference line for rotation angle detection. Algorithms were implemented in MATLAB and tested and validated using a database of manually annotated head CT scans.

This thesis deal with various methods of background detection and with it related motion detection in a scene. It's progressing from simplest methods to more comlex. For every one are reviewed the possibilities of using and her drawbacks. In introduction are described various types of scenes according to background and foreground type e.g . according to movement objects speed or presence of movement in background. Is proposed several common or specific improvements for obtaining better background even by using simple method. Next part of work solve real situation of shaking camera. There are tested two basic methods for optical stabilization. The first is registration of images by template matching. Alternative method used interest points (corners). Both methods are closely examinate and is sought best way to match following pictures. Except shaking of camera this work deal with rotating camera and in theory solve detection background from cameras placed on ridden car. Part of work is creation database of different types scenes

With the development of posibilities of image processing, stereoscopy, prices of web cameras and power of computers an opportunity to multiply an experience with working with 3D programs showed. From the picture from webcamera an estimation of a pose of user's head can be made. According to this pose a view on 3D scene can be changed. Then, when user moves his head, he will have a feeling as if monitor was a window through which one can see the scene behind. With the system which is the result of this project it will be possible to easily and cheaply add this kind of behaviour to any 3D application.

The solutions to certain elliptic boundary value problems have singularities with a typical structure near polyhedral corners. This structure can be exploited to devise an eigenvalue problem whose solution can be used to quantify the singularities of the given boundary value problem. It is necessary to parametrize a ball centered at the corner. There are different possibilities for a suitable parametrization; from the numerical point of view, spherical coordinates are not necessarily the best choice. This is why we do not specify a parametrization in this paper but present all results in a rather general form. We derive the eigenvalue problems that are associated with the Laplace and the linear elasticity problems and show interesting spectral properties. Finally, we discuss the necessity of widely accepted symmetry properties of the elasticity tensor. We show in an example that some of these properties are not only dispensable, but even invalid, although claimed in many standard books on linear elasticity.