Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux questions de l’hétérogénéité inobservée et des solutions en coin dans les modèles de choix d’assolements. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous nous appuyons sur un modèle de choix de production multicultures avec choix d’assolement de forme NMNL, dont nous proposons des extensions. Ces extensions conduisent à des problèmes spécifiques d’estimation, auxquels nous apportons des solutions. La question de l’hétérogénéité inobservée est traitée en considérant une spécification à paramètres aléatoires. Ceci nous permet de tenir compte des effets de l’hétérogénéité inobservée sur l’ensemble des paramètres du modèle. Nous montrons que les versions stochastiques de l’algorithme EM sont particulièrement adaptées pour estimer ce type de modèle.Nos résultats d’estimation et de simulation montrent que les agriculteurs réagissent de façon hétérogène aux incitations économiques et que ne pas tenir compte de cette hétérogénéité peut conduire à des effets simulés de politiques publique biaisés.Pour tenir compte des solutions en coin dans les choix d’assolement, nous proposons une modélisation basée sur les modèles à changement de régime endogène avec coûts fixes associés aux régimes. Contrairement aux approches basées sur des systèmes de régression censurées, notre modèle est cohérent d’un point de vue micro-économique. Nos résultats montrent que les coûts fixes associés aux régimes jouent un rôle important dans le choix des agriculteurs de produire ou non certaines cultures et qu’ils constituent, à court terme, un déterminant important des c / In this thesis, we are interested in questions of unobserved heterogeneity and corner solutions in acreage choice models. To answer these questions, we rely on a NMNL acreage share multi-crop models, of which we propose extensions. These extensions lead to specific estimation problems, to which we provide solutions.The question of unobserved heterogeneity is dealt with by considering a random parameter specification. This allows us to take into account the effects of the unobserved heterogeneity on all the parameters of the model. We show that the stochastic versions of the EM algorithm are particularly suitable for estimating this type of modelOur estimation and simulation results show that farmers react heterogeneously to economic incentives and that ignoring this heterogeneity can lead to biased simulated effects of public policies.In order to take account of the corner solutions in acreage choices, we propose modelling based on endogenous regime switching models with regime fixed costs. Unlike approaches based on censored regression systems, our model is “fully” consistent from a micro-economic viewpoint. Our results show that the regime fixed costs play an important role in farmers’ choice to produce or not some crops and they are, in the short term, an important determinant of acreage choices.

La demande croissante pour alléger les moteurs d’avions et diminuer les émissions polluantes de la propulsion aéronautique réclame à rendre plus compact le système de compression des moteurs, qui représente environ 40%-50% de la masse totale. Or, à taux de compression global égal, la réduction du nombre d’étage exige d’un point de vue aérodynamique une augmentation de la charge des aubes de compresseur par étage. La charge d’aube est aujourd’hui limitée car elle induit différents mécanismes de pertes tridimensionnelles très pénalisant. L’un des plus importants est le décollement de coin qui se forme à la jonction entre l’extrados de l’aube et le moyeu ou le carter. Bien que des travaux existent sur les mécanismes et paramètres intervenant dans le décollement de coin, il est encore difficile de proposer une méthode de contrôle efficace. Cela est principalement dû à deux raisons : (i) le manque de compréhension fine des mécanismes physiques, (ii) l’utilisation pour la conception de modèles de turbulence classiques de type RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) qui ne sont pas capables de prédire précisément le décollement de coin, car ils ne peuvent pas décrire correctement les mécanismes de transport turbulent. Des simulations de type RANS et LES (large-eddy simulation = simulation des grandes échelles) sont présentées dans cette thèse sur une configuration de grille d’aubes de compresseur, et comparées avec les données expérimentales obtenues au LMFA (issues de travaux séparés). L’approche RANS surestime globalement le décollement de coin. Une amélioration significative est obtenue par la méthode LES, en particulier pour le coefficient de pression statique sur l’aube et les pertes de pression totale. Ces résultats montrent que la zone de décollement de coin, qui est la source principale des pertes, génère des tourbillons de grande échelle associés à de forts niveaux d’énergie. Les histogrammes bimodaux de la vitesse tangentielle qui ont été observés expérimentalement semblent confirmés par les résultats LES. En ce qui concerne les amplitudes des fluctuations de vitesse tangentielle, les résultats expérimentaux et ceux de la LES mettent en évidence deux pics sur certains profils perpendiculaires aux parois. Enfin, grâce à l’approche LES, les bilans de l’énergie cinétique turbulente sont calculés et analysés. Ils décrivent l’équilibre entre les termes de production, de dissipation et de transport. Une des perspectives de cette analyse est d’aider à améliorer la modélisation de la turbulence en approche RANS. / The increasing demand to reduce the mass of aircraft jet engines and emissions of aircraft propulsion requires to make the compression system of engines more compact, since this component accounts for about 40%-50% of the total mass. However, at a given overall pressure ratio, decreasing the number of stages will raise the compressor blade loading per stage. The blade loading is extremely restricted by different three-dimensional flow loss mechanisms. One of them is the corner separation that forms between the blade suction side and the hub or shroud. Although some works previously investigated the mechanisms and the parameters of corner separation, it is still difficult to propose an effective control method of the corner separation. That is mainly due to two reasons: (i) the lack of knowledge of the physical mechanisms, (ii) the nowadays classical RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) turbulence models are not capable to accurately predict the corner separation, since they cannot correctly describe the turbulent transport mechanisms. RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) and LES (large-eddy simulation) simulations are here presented on a compressor cascade configuration, in comparison with experimental data obtained at LMFA (from separate works). The RANS approach globally over-estimates the corner separation, whereas a significant improvement is achieved with the LES, especially for the blade surface static pressure coefficient and the total pressure losses. The corner separation region, which is the main source of the total pressure losses, is shown to generate large-scale energy-containing eddies. The bimodal histograms of the streamwise velocity that were observed experimentally seem to be confirmed by the LES results. Concerning the streamwise velocity fluctuations (RMS), both the experiment and the LES show some profiles with two peaks. Finally, thanks to the LES approach, the turbulent kinetic energy budget, which represents the balance between the production, dissipation and transport terms, are computed and analyzed. This may help the improvement of RANS turbulence modeling.

This thesis is in its theoretical part focusing on reading literacy, reading pre-literacy, projects to promote literacy in the Czech Republic and reading corner in kindergarten.The research is based on qualitative research using a strategy of multiple case studies of purposely chosen kindergartens and methods of observation, interviews and content analysis.The aim of this research was to determine how and for what purpose the reading corner in kindergartens is used. The basic research questions are: How the reading corners help in the development of reading literacy in kindergartens, specific research questions elaborate it as follows: How can reading corner be equipped in kindergarten; how kindergarten schools receive books and magazines; how well do they know today's market offerings; what activities are implemented in reading corner in kindergarten; what led the teacher / director to create a reading corner; how does children feel about the reading corner themselves. The results showed a diverse approach to the phenomenon of kindergarten reading corner. Kindergartens agreed on the positive impact of reading corners on the development of reading pre-literacy of girls and boys, especially in the case of free children's games, as well as in controlled activities. We can indicate a weak spot in a lack of...

Im Konstruktiven Glasbau ist es keine Besonderheit mehr, Glasträger für Dachkonstruktionen und Glasschwerter in Fassaden einzusetzen, um leichte, transparente und in den Hintergrund tretende Tragkonstruktionen umzusetzen. Für die Fügung dieser tragenden Bauteile werden bisher Verbindungsmittel aus Edelstahl eingesetzt, die optisch beeinträchtigen, Bohrungen im Glas erfordern und ungünstige Spannungsspitzen im Glas hervorrufen. Demgegenüber ist das Kleben für den spröden Werkstoff Glas ein materialgerechteres Fügeverfahren. Die Untersuchung einer flächigen Klebverbindung zum Lastabtrag zwischen tragenden Glas-Bauteilen im Primärtragwerk ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit. Bei einer relativ großen Schichtdicke bildet die transparente Ausführung eine ganz wesentliche Prämisse. Ein weiterer Anspruch liegt in der Alterungsbeständigkeit und der Tragfähigkeit. An einer Auswahl von 14 potentiell geeigneten, transparenten Acrylat-, Epoxidharz- und Polyurethanklebstoffen werden mit Hilfe thermomechanischer und mechanischer Prüfverfahren temperaturabhängige Materialeigenschaften ermittelt. Ergänzend wird die Langzeitbeständigkeit der Klebstoffe durch eine künstliche Alterung im Verbund überprüft. Im Anschluss erfolgt die Ermittlung der lichttechnischen Eigenschaften sowie die visuelle Beurteilung der Sichtproben. Im Resultat wird ein UV- und lichthärtender Acrylatklebstoff als besonders geeignet identifiziert. Für diesen Klebstoff werden Haftfestigkeitsuntersuchungen im Druckscherversuch unter Temperatur- und Alterungseinflüssen sowie Zeitstandversuche an Substanzproben und kleinen Prüfkörpern durchgeführt. Für den Einsatz in einer flächigen Klebung wird ein geeignetes Dosier- und Aushärteverfahren entwickelt. Der Tragfähigkeitsnachweis der geklebten Verbindung erfolgt an großformatigen Bauteilmustern. Bei diesen Versuchen wird jeweils die Belastbarkeitsgrenze des Glases erreicht, während die Klebung intakt bleibt. Ein Zeitstandversuch dient zur Aufzeichnung des Kriechverhaltens an Bauteilmustern bei erhöhter Temperatur. Begleitend zum Entstehen der vorliegenden Arbeit werden mehrere Bauvorhaben mit Ganzglaskonstruktionen umgesetzt. Der Verzicht auf jegliche metallische Verbindungsmittel stellt bei diesen Objekten in Deutschland ein bauaufsichtliches und bautechnisches Novum dar. Die Fügung von Glasstütze und Glasträger innerhalb des gläsernen Primärtragwerks erfolgt ausschließlich und erstmals über eine transparente Acrylatklebung, deren Ausführung auf Erkenntnissen der vorliegenden Arbeit basiert. Die umschließende Verglasung wird mit einem zugelassenen Silikonklebstoff an der Tragkonstruktion befestigt. Zwei der beschriebenen Bauvorhaben werden seit der Erstellung in einem umfangreichen Monitoring beobachtet, um weitergehende Aussagen zum Langzeitverhalten der Klebungen zu erhalten. Die weitgehenden Untersuchungen der vorliegenden Arbeit wie auch des laufenden Monitorings sollen Bedeutung und Zuverlässigkeit der transparenten, lastabtragenden Klebungen im Konstruktiven Glasbau belegen helfen. / The use of glass beams in transparent roofs and glass fins as part of the facade is already state-of-the-art construction to achieve a transparent and lightweight appearance. Until now, mechanical fasteners made from stainless steel are used to join these structural components. Those fasteners visually interfere, require holes in the glass and cause unfavorable stress peaks in the glass. In contrast, adhesive bonding is much more appropriate to join the brittle material glass. The subject of this dissertation is the study of a planar adhesive joint which transfers the load between the load-bearing glass components into the primary structure. With a relatively large layer thickness, the manufacturing of the transparent joint represents a major challenge. Furthermore, the aging resistance and the load-bearing capacity must be proven. A selection of 14 potentially suitable, transparent adhesives of acrylate, epoxy resin and polyurethane are tested for temperature-depending material properties. These tests are based on thermo-mechanical and mechanical test methods. In addition, the long-term durability of the adhesives is verified by artificial aging test on bonded specimens. Subsequently, the photometric characteristics and the visual quality of the samples are assessed. As the result an UV- and light-curing acrylate adhesive is identified as particularly suitable. Compression shear tests under temperature and aging influences as well as creep tests are performed on substance samples and small-scale specimens to determine the adhesive strength of this adhesive. A suitable application and curing process is developed for use in planar bonded joints. Tests on specimen components were carried out to determine the load-bearing capacity of the bonded glass frame corners. In these experiments, the glass fails while the adhesive joint remains intact. Creep test are used to record the creep deformation of component specimen at increased temperature. Accompanying the study, several building projects are realized to use adhesive bonding technology in all-glass constructions. Without any visible forms of connection, the glass construction represents a significant innovation in Germany in terms of both building legislation and building technology. It´s the first time, glass fins and glass beams are joint to a glass primary structural system via transparent acrylate adhesive. The connection method is based on the findings of the present study. The glass panels of the envelope are joined to the primary glass structure with an approved silicone adhesive. Two of the described construction projects are monitored to obtain further knowledge about the long-term behaviour of the bonded joints. The comprehensive studies of this thesis as well as the ongoing monitoring have proven the significance and the reliability of transparent, load-bearing bonded joints in the field of glass construction.

I det här examensarbetet har vi studerat Trafikverkets huvudprocess Planera åtgärder och gått på djupet i delprocessen Tidig planering med andra. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga hur arbetet utförs i verkligheten kopplat till processen Tidig planering med andra. Utifrån kartläggningen av problemet är studien ämnad att ta fram ett lösningsförslag till Trafikverket. Genom tio intervjuer, två observationer och 35 mottagna frågeformulär har vi kunnat skapa oss en djupare bild och förståelse över förbättringsområdet För omfattande process. För omfattande process innebär att processen i sig beskriver i stora drag hur en samhällsplanerare arbetar men lämnar utrymme till egen tolkning, vilket i sin tur leder till att kommuner får olika bemötanden. Med hjälp av verktygen paretodiagram, histogram och korrelationsmatris kunde vi tydliggöra nuläget. I analysen framkom det att grundorsaken till att förbättringsområdet För omfattande process uppstått är på grund av avsaknad av kunskap om ämnena process och processledning. Genom teorikoppling har vi tagit fram ett lämpligt lösningsförslag för att ta tag i grundorsaken. Lösningsförslaget innefattar kompetensutveckling inom offensiv kvalitetsutveckling. Till lösningsförslaget tillkommer en implementeringsplan för att underlätta framtida förbättringar i Trafikverket. Slutsatsen som tagits är att Trafikverket har svaga kunskaper om processer och för att kunna arbeta med processer samt ständigt utveckla processerna behöver de genomgå en utbildning. Utbildningen kan lägga grunden för att Trafikverket i framtiden ska kunna ta fram en önskvärd process som alla i enheterna Samhällsplanering kan arbeta efter och känner för. / In this examination paper we have studied the Swedish Transport Administrations main process Plan measures and thoroughly analysed the subprocess Early planning with other stakeholders. The purpose with this study was to chart how the work is conducted in real life connected to the process Early planning with other stakeholders. From the mapping of the improvement area is the study meant to propose a solution to the Swedish Transport Administration. By conducting ten interviews, two observations and 35 received questionnaires we have created a more in depth knowledge and understanding about the improvement area Too extensive process. Too extensive process means that the process describes generally how a planner works but leaves space for interpretation, which leads to that different municipalities gets different refutation. Using the tools, pareto charts, histogram and correlation matrix we where able to clarify the present situation. In the analysis it appeared he improvement area Too extensive process emerged by a lack of knowledge within the subject of process and process management. Through theory linking we are presenting a suitable solution proposition to handle the main reason for development. The solution contains capacity building through a total quality management. To the solution proposition resides an implementation plan to facilitate future improvements within the Swedish Transport Administration. The conclusion is that the Swedish Transport Administration has flickering knowledge about processes. To be able to work with processes and constantly improvements the processes do they need to conduct a capacity building. The capacity building can lay the foundation for the Swedish Transport Administration to in the future be able to present a desired process which all in The infrastructural planners division can work with and work for.

The subject matter of the assigned project is Aquapark Brno – located near Lužánky. The subject is an architectural study elaboration of an aquapark adjoining the current swimming pool building which was established in 1979. This building facility is used primarily by professional swimmers and sportsmen for it contains the only 50 meters long swimming pool with a tribune in Brno. The aim of the project is to create new areas and pools for visitors with recreational intentions and therefore to widen the possibilities for free time activities. The project also deals with restoration of a 16 meters long training pool in the existing building, creation of inner and outer aquapark areas and adding exercise and dance halls as an extension to the existing fitness center. Another goal of this project was to make the pedestrian access to the area more pleasant which is achieved by creating an underground parking space in the area of the existing building’s frontal space and also by designing a footpath leading from the remote side of the excessively frequented Sportovní street. The primary aim of the project is an operational connection of the existing and the new building by a central building and also preventing an eclipse of the area by integrating the building in the area’s hillside. The advantage of the project is the presence of relaxation facilities and sports areas. The project completes the sporting environment of the area which makes it an attractive locality for a family recreation.

Detection of objects based on color is not commonly used method of computer vision. There are many methods thats deals with the detection of significant points, but the color information has been omitted. The goal of this thesis is to design method of the detection significant color image areas and these areas match up with areas detected in another image. I analyzed features of detectors required to identify the reciprocal correspondence of images, defined the color significance concept, described basic color models and their properties, and a design of statistically compiled data - based method was described. Algorithms for the detection of color use color models RGB and HSV. Correspondence of areas detected in different images is performedy Kohonen neural network. The first input vector can teach Kohonen neural network and the second vector is classified by this network. To remove erroneous classifications RANSAC method is used. As a result, the method can be used for basic and rapid determination of correspondence between images, or to speed up commonly used methods for detection of significant points. At the end of the thesis are presented programs, showing functionality and options of design methods. The designed algorithms have been developed in MATLAB.

This thesis deals with issues automatic composing panoramic photos from individual photos. Gradually examines the various steps of algorithms and methods used in them, which are used in creating panoramas. It also focuses on the design of the own system based on methods discussed to construct panoramas. This system is implemented using OpenCV library and it is created also a graphical interface using a Qt library. Finally, are in this thesis evaluated outcomes of this designed and implemented system on available datasets.

This master’s thesis deals with the design and static assessment of a lookout tower in The Brno Zoological Garden situated on the hill called Mniší hora. The construction of the lookout tower is meant to be of a circular ground plan and its overall height is 31 m. The construction was designed in two variants. For both methods was used a combination of steel and solid or glued laminated timber. For detailed elaboration was selected only one variant. The lookout tower was assessed in a Scia Engineer 15.1 software.

The aim of the final thesis was to design and assess timber loadbearing structure of planetarium located in Brno and height of the construction 10 m. Designed building of planetarium consists of dome and hall, which operate separately. The structure is designed from glue laminated timber, solid timber and steel bracing, ridge ring and connecting elements. Building foundations is solved by reinforced anchor blocks fixed to foundation pads, which are connected by foundation strips. Loadbearing structure of the dome consists of arched beams together with purlins and ridge ring. Stability is ensured by 4 fields of cross bracing located between purlins. Loadbearing structure of the hall consists of roof and wall beams connected by frame corners together with roof and wall purlins. In gable walls is structure complemented by columns. Stability is ensured by diagonal and vertical elements situated between wall purlins, which together form a truss system.