Estudamos a Eletrodinâmica de Wheeler-Feynman usando um princípio variacional para um funcional de ação finito acoplado a um problema de valor na fronteira. Para trajetórias C2 por trechos, a condição de ponto crítico desse funcional fornece as equações de movimento de Wheeler-Feynman mais uma condição de continuidade dos momentos parciais e energias parciais, conhecida como condição de quina de Weierstrass-Erdmann. Estudamos em detalhe um sub-caso mais simples, onde os dados de fronteira têm um comprimento mínimo. Nesse caso, mostramos que a condição de extremo se reduz a um problema de valor na chegada para uma equação diferencial com retardo misto dependente do estado e do tipo neutro. Resolvemos numericamente esse problema usando um método de shooting e um método de Runge-Kutta de quarta ordem. Para os casos em que as fronteiras mínimas têm velocidades descontínuas, elaboramos uma técnica para resolver as condições de quina de Weierstrass-Erdmann junto com o problema de valor na chegada. As trajetórias com velocidades descontínuas previstas pelo método variacional foram verificadas por experimentos numéricos. Em um segundo desenvolvimento, para o caso mais difícil de fronteiras de comprimento arbitrário, implementamos um método de minimização com gradiente fraco para o princípio variacional e problema de fronteira acima citado. Elaboramos dois métodos numéricos, ambos implementados em MATLAB, para encontrar soluções do problema eletromagnético de dois corpos. O primeiro combina o método de elementos finitos com o método de Newton para encontrar as soluções que anulam o gradiente fraco do funcional para fronteiras genéricas. O segundo usa o método do declive máximo para encontrar as soluções que minimizam a ação. Nesses dois métodos as trajetórias são aproximadas dentro de um espaço de dimensão finita gerado por uma Galerkiana que suporta velocidades descontínuas. Foram realizados diversos testes e experimentos numéricos para verificar a convergência das trajetórias calculada numericamente; também comparamos os valores do funcional calculados numericamente com alguns resultados analíticos sobre órbitas circulares. / We study the Wheeler-Feynman electrodynamics using a variational principle for an action functional coupled to a finite boundary value problem. For piecewise C2 trajectories, the critical point condition for this functional gives the Wheeler-Feynman equations of motion in addition to a continuity condition of partial moments and partial energies, known as the Weierstrass-Erdmann corner conditions. In the simplest case, for the boundary value problem of shortest length, we show that the critical point condition reduces to a two-point boundary value problem for a state-dependent mixed-type neutral differential-delay equation. We solve this special problem numerically using a shooting method and a fourth order Runge-Kutta. For the cases where the boundary segment has discontinuous velocities we developed a technique to solve the Weierstrass-Erdmann corner conditions and the two-point boundary value problem together. The trajectories with discontinuous velocities presupposed by the variational method were verified by numerical experiments. In a second development, for the harder case with boundaries of arbitrary length, we implemented a method of minimization with weak gradient for the variational principle quoted above. Two numerical methods were implemented in MATLAB to find solutions of the two-body electromagnetic problem. The first combines the finite element method with Newtons method to find the solutions that vanish the weak gradient. The second uses the method of steepest descent to find the solutions that minimize the action. In both methods the trajectories are approximated within a finite-dimensional space generated by a Galerkian that supports discontinuous velocities. Many tests and numerical experiments were performed to verify the convergence of the numerically calculated trajectories; also were compared the values of the functional computed numerically with some known analytical results on circular orbits.

The subject of proposal is a new dominant of the city of Brno. It is a building which will affect panorama of the city, a building which will be important part of a new South district and a new Brno Railway Station. The building will become orientation point in long-distance views as well as in the area. The proposal works with a building which is open and alive thanks to mix-use and public access on different height levels. Greenery forms the corner of the building and creates it’s identity. The base for architectural study became urban concept designed as a pre-diploma project. Important element of the concept is axis which draws the greenery from the river Svratka into the area and connects it with the new station. The Europoint – proposed building – becomes termination of the axis. The building is situated on a unique site which requires unique concept. The motive of the house is greenery and future vision of buildings which enrich surroundings in some ways. The basic volume is triangular and uses area of the site on maximum level with corner towards boulevard. This corner becomes the central element, especially from entry and view from the boulevard. I recreated the corner using vegetation into green and living. The green corner gives a new perspective on creating exposed corners, adds value to the urban area and creates identity of the building. The green motive intertwines with the building from entrance hall up to the bar at the highest floor. The volume of the building is defined by the inside usage and then form follows function. When choosing the functions I took into account needs of the area and took advantage of high-rise building. Commercial areas in the ground floor, administration centre of Czech Railways and conference rooms were created. The administrative use is added by co-working in the middle if the building, the upper part offers flats with view over Brno and in the crown is the highest placed bar in Brno.

This master’s thesis describes the design and implementation of the application that created the basis set pieces "puzzle" according to the shape of the folded edges of the original image. This application is developed using Matlab. The work also describes how to create a database of actual pieces of the puzzle composite photo image. Closer was also focused on finding the characteristic section points, their segmentation and appropriate description. There is dismantled procedure for selecting the types of symptoms and their extraction. On the basis of suitably described pieces of segmented parts is designed and implemented the algorithm of comparing and grouping into clusters. Using the proposed method of visualization is then displayed in the resulting composite picture puzzle.

This master’s thesis describes the design and implementation of the application that created the basis set pieces "puzzle" according to the shape of the folded edges of the original image. This application is developed using Matlab. The work also describes how to create a database of actual pieces of the puzzle composite photo image. Closer was also focused on finding the characteristic section points, their segmentation and appropriate description. There is dismantled procedure for selecting the types of symptoms and their extraction. On the basis of suitably described pieces of segmented parts is designed and implemented the algorithm of comparing and grouping into clusters. Using the proposed method of visualization is then displayed in the resulting composite picture puzzle.

Ces vingts dernières années ont vu le concept d’intrication quantique prendre une place importante dans l’étude des systèmes quantiques à N corps rencontrés par exemple en théorie de la matière condensée. L’entropie d’intrication est une mesure de l’intrication entre deux parties formant un système dans un état quantique pur. L’étude de cette entropie permet d’obtenir des informations cruciales sur les systèmes considérés. Dans ce mémoire, nous étudions l’entropie d’intrication de régions dites squelettiques, pour un réseau harmonique bidimensionnel correspondant à une version discrète de la théorie d’un champ scalaire relativiste sans masse. Une région squelettique ne possède pas de volume, en opposition à une région dite pleine. Au sein d’un réseau à deux dimensions, il s’agira d’une chaîne finie de sites. Nous montrons que le comportement de l’entropie d’intrication d’une région unidimensionnelle diffère de celui de l’entropie d’une région pleine (à deux dimensions). En particulier, nous montrons qu’il apparaît de nouveaux termes universels associés à ces nouveaux comportements pour des régions squelettiques. Notre étude est principalement menée à l’aide de calculs numériques, bien que certains résultats soient obtenus de manière semi-analytique. / In the last twenty years, the concept of entanglement entropy has taken an important place in the study of N-body quantum systems seen in condensed matter, among others. Entanglement entropy is an entanglement measure between two parts forming a system in a pure quantum state. The study of this entropy allows one to obtain crucial information about N-body quantum systems. In this master’s thesis, we will study the entanglement entropy of so-called skeletal regions, for a harmonic two-dimensional lattice corresponding to a discrete version of a massless relativistic scalar field theory. A skeletal region doesn’t possess a volume, unlike a region said to be full. In the case of a two-dimensional lattice, the skeletal region is defined by a finite chain of sites. We show that the behaviour of entanglement entropy of an unidimensional region differs from the case of a full region (which is two-dimensional). In particular, we show the appearance of new universal coefficients linked to skeletal regions. Our study consists mainly of numerical calculations, although some results are obtained in a semi-analytical manner.

The assignment of the work was the elaboration of two planned blocks of the new Brno southern center. In cooperation with the Office of the Architect of the City of Brno, we adjusted them to the final form, from which twelve plots were created, for twelve graduates of the Nový-Palasčák studio. The land solved by me is located at the meeting of Opuštěná Street and the Svratka River. It thus forms an important urban corner, marking the newly emerging district. Due to its character, significance, size and multifunctional arrangement, I called this corner building „Opuštěná Palace“.

The need for modern transportation systems together with the high demand for sustainable pavements under applied loads have led to a great deal of research on concrete pavements worldwide. Development of finite element techniques enabled researchers to analyse the concrete pavement under a combination of axle group loadings and environmental effects. Consequently, mechanistic approaches for designing of concrete pavements were developed based on results of finite element analyses. However, unpredictable failure modes of concrete pavements associated with expensive maintenance and rehabilitation costs have led to the use of empiricalmechanistic approach in concrete pavement design. Despite progressive knowledge of concrete pavement behaviour under applied loads, concrete pavements still suffer from deterioration due to crack initiation and propagation, indicating the need for further research. Cracks can be related to fatigue of the concrete and/or erosion of materials in sub-layers. Although longitudinal, midedge and corner cracks are the most common damage modes in concrete pavements, Austroads method for concrete pavement design was developed based on traditional mid-edge bottom-up transverse cracking introduced by Packard and Tayabji (1985). Research presented in this thesis aims to address the most common fatigue related distresses in concrete pavements. It uses comprehensive finite element models and analyses to determine the structural behaviour of concrete pavements under vehicular loads and environmental effects. Results of this research are supported by laboratory tests and an experimental field test. Results of this research indicate that the induced tensile stresses within the concrete pavement are significantly affected by vehicle speed, differential temperature gradient and loss of moisture content. Subsequently, the interaction between the above mentioned factors and concrete damage modes are discussed. Typical dynamic amplifications of different axle groups are presented. A new fatigue test setup is also developed to take into consideration effects of pavement curvature on fatigue life of the concrete. Ultimately, results of the research presented in this thesis are employed to develop a new guide for designing concrete pavements with zero maintenance of fatigue damage.

With the explosive development of wireless communication systems the specifications of the supporting hardware platforms have become more and more demanding. According to the long term goals of the industry, future communications systems should integrate a wide variety of standards. This leads to the idea of software defined radio, implemented on fully reconfigurable hardware.Among other reconfigurable hardware blocks, suitable for the software radio concept, an outstanding importance belongs to the reconfigurable filters that are responsible for the selectivity of the system. The problematic of filtering is strictly connected to the architecture chosen for a multi-mode receiver realization. According to the chosen architecture, the filters can exhibit low pass or band pass frequency responses.The idea of reconfigurable frequency parameters has been introduced since the beginning of modern filtering applications due to the required precision of the frequency response. However, the reconfiguration of the parameters was usually done in a limited range around ideal values. The purpose of the presented research is to transform the classical filter structures with simple self-correction into fully reconfigurable filters over a wide range of frequencies. The ideal variation of the frequency parameters is continuous and consequently difficult to implement in real circuits. Therefore, it is usually sufficient to use a discrete programming template with reasonably small steps.There are several methods to implement variable frequency parameters. The most often used programming templates employ resistor and capacitor arrays, switched according to a given code. The low pass filter implementation proposed in this work uses a special switching template, optimized for a quasi-linear frequency variation over logarithmic axes. The template also includes the possibility to compensate errors caused by component tolerances and temperature. Another important topic concerns the implementation of programmable band pass filters, suitable for IF sampling receivers. The discussion is centered on the feasibility and the flexibility of different band pass filter architectures. Due to the high frequency requirements, the emphasis lays on filters that employ transconductance amplifiers and capacitors. / Die rasch fortschreitende Entwicklung drahtloser Kommunikationssysteme führt zu immer anspruchsvolleren Spezifikationen der diese Systeme unterstützenden Hardwareplattformen. Zukünftige Kommunikationssysteme sollen übereinstimmend mit den längerfristigen Zielen der Industrie verschiedene Standards integrieren. Dies führt zu der Idee von vollständig rekonfigurierbarer Hardware, welche mittels Software gesteuert wird.Inmitten anderer rekonfigurierbarer Hardwareblöcke, die für das Software Radio Konzept geeignet sind, besitzen die steuerbaren Filter, welche wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Selektivität des Systems haben, eine enorme Bedeutung. Die Filterproblematik ist eng mit der gewählten Architektur der standardübergreifenden Empfängerrealisierung verknüpft. Die Filter können entsprechend der ausgesuchten Architektur Tiefpass- oder Bandpasscharakter annehmen.Die Idee rekonfigurierbarer Frequenzparameter wurde bereits mit Beginn moderner Filteranwendungen auf Grund geforderter Frequenzganggenauigkeit umgesetzt. Jedoch wurde die Parameterrekonfiguration üblicherweise nur in einem begrenzten Bereich um die Idealwerte herum vorgenommen. Das Ziel der vorgestellten Forschungsarbeit ist es, diese klassischen Filterstrukturen mit einfacher Selbstkorrektur in über große Frequenzbereiche voll rekonfigurierbare Filter zu transformieren. Idealerweise werden die Frequenzparameter kontinuierlich variiert weswegen sich die Implementierung in reellen Schaltkreisen als schwierig erweist. Deshalb ist es üblicherweise ausreichend, ein diskretes Steuerschema mit kleinen Schrittweiten zu verwenden.Es gibt verschiedene Methoden, variable Frequenzparameter zu implementieren. Die meisten Schemata verwenden Widerstands- und Kondensatorfelder, die entsprechend eines Kodes geschaltet werden. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellte Implementierung eines Tiefpassfilters nutzt ein spezielles Umschaltschema, welches für die quasi-lineare Frequenzvariation bei Darstellung über logarithmischen Axen optimiert wurde. Es beinhaltet weiterhin die Möglichkeit, Fehler zu kompensieren, die durch Bauelementtoleranzen und Temperaturschwankungen hervorgerufen werden.Ein weiteres interessantes Thema betrifft die Implementierung steuerbarer Bandpassfilter, die für Empfänger mit Zwischenfrequenzabtastung geeignet sind. Die Betrachtung beschränkt sich hierbei auf die Durchführbarkeit und Flexibilität verschiedener Bandpassfilterarchitekturen. Auf Grund hoher Frequenzanforderungen liegt der Schwerpunkt auf Filtern, die auf Transkonduktanzverstärkern und Kondensatoren basieren.

The subject of my diploma thesis is a new-building of a municipal authority with a nursery school in Obora near Boskovice. The objects are statically and operationally separated from each other, but they formo ne unit. The building is located on the corner of the village in a flat terrain and thus forms the dominant feature of the village and a landmark. The target of the design was to create a building that will harmoniously connect to the surrounding buildings, public spaces and the school garden. The municipal authority has a rectangular floor plan, two-storey, basement, covered with a sloping roof, the building has a designed elevator. In the basement there are cellars of local associations, on the ground floor there is information center, a municipal library and on the first floor there is a municipal office with a registry office and a ceremonial hall. The attic can be used in the future for municipal apartments for rent. An official board with a public space is designed ahead of the municipal office. A photovoltaic power plant will be located on the roof of the municipal office. The nursery school has a trapezoidal floor plan, ground floor, no basement, covered with a vegetated flat roof. In the nursery school there is a children's day room with a storage room, storage of mattresses, teaching aids, food preparation, technical and hygienic facilities. The structural systém of both objects is longitudinal, wall. The underground part of the municipal office is designed in a white concrete tub system. The vertical load-bearing constructions are made from cut ceramic blocks. The horizontal constructions in the municipal office are monolithic, ferroconcrete, and in the nursery school they are prefabricated, ferroconcrete. The project was made in AutoCad software application, 3D model in 3D modelling computer program SketchUp.

This document deals with an image points of interest detection possibilities, especially corner detectors. Many applications which are interested in computer vision needs these points as their necessary step in the image processing. It describes the reasons why it is so useful to find these points and shows some basic methods to find them. There are compared features of these methods at the end.