Orientador: Adriane Orenha-Ottaiano / Banca: Marilei Amadeu Sabino / Banca: Ieda Maria Alves / Resumo: A presente pesquisa está vinculada ao Grupo de Pesquisa "Pedagogia do Léxico, da Tradução e Linguística de Corpus", cadastrado no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPq, bem como faz parte do projeto guarda-chuva "A compilação de materiais didáticos e glossários especializados baseados em corpora e sua contribuição para uma Pedagogia do Léxico e da Tradução", desenvolvido na UNESP. Tem como objetivo extrair e analisar, do ponto de vista sintático-morfológico e léxico-semântico, as colocações da área de investigação criminal presentes no corpus constituído pelas legendas da série de TV norte-americana CSI - Crime Scene Investigation e por um corpus comparável compilado com o auxílio da ferramenta Boot Cat Front End, versão 0,71 (ZANCHETTA; BARONI; BERNARDINI, 2013), o qual recebeu a denominação de Corpus Comparável Criminal. Como resultado prático desta pesquisa, as colocações especializadas levantadas e analisadas foram utilizadas para a elaboração das atividades que compõem o Online English Collocations Workbook (ORENHA-OTTAIANO, 2015), na categoria Investigation. Para isso, este trabalho fundamenta-se no arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Linguística de Corpus (BIBER, 1998; MEYER, 2004; MCENERY; HARDIE, 2012; TOGNINI-BONELLI, 2001), para proceder à compilação, extração e análise dos corpora de estudo, além de contar com os construtos da Fraseologia, de forma mais específica, aqueles que dizem respeito às colocações e às colocações especializadas (BEVILACQUA, 1998, 2005; L'H... / Abstract: The present research is linked to the Research Group Corpus-based Lexicon and Translation Pedagogy, registered in the Directory of Research Groups of CNPq, as well as it is part of the umbrella project "The compilation of didactic materials and specialized glossaries based on corpora and its contribution to a Teaching of the Lexicon and of Translation ", developed in UNESP. It aims to extract and analyze, from the syntactic-morphological and lexical-semantic point of view, the specialized collocations present in a corpus constituted by the subtitles of North American TV series CSI - Crime Scene Investigation and by a comparable corpus compiled with the aid of the Boot Cat Front End tool,... / Mestre

Cette thèse doctorale comprend une étude contrastive basée sur corpus du déterminant démonstratif en français et en néerlandais en langue native (L1) et en interlangue (L2). Cette étude commence par un volet théorique dans lequel nous élaborons un modèle systématique des emplois référentiels du syntagme nominal démonstratif à partir d’une étude critique de la littérature secondaire en interaction avec une analyse qualitative d’exemples authentiques. Ensuite, nous nous basons en grande partie sur l’Integrated Contrastive Model de Granger (1996) et nous combinons plusieurs analyses contrastives en L1 et en L2 dans le but de dissocier les mécanismes de traduction des différences structurelles et distributionnelles entre le déterminant démonstratif en français et en néerlandais et d’examiner dans quelle mesure ces différences influencent les productions écrites en L2. Afin d’étudier les questions de recherche centrales relatives aux volets descriptif et acquisitionnel de notre thèse, nous réalisons trois études différentes : langue source vs. langue cible (L1), langue native vs. langue native (L1) et langue native vs. interlangue (L1 – L2). À cet effet, nous nous servons de deux corpus parallèles L1, à savoir le Dutch Parallel Corpus et le Corpus de Namur, et de deux corpus d’apprenants, à savoir le Leerdercorpus Nederlands qui contient 1315 textes néerlandais écrits par des apprenants francophones et le Leerdercorpus Frans qui contient 1402 textes français écrits par des apprenants néerlandophones (niveaux B2-C1). / This doctoral thesis includes a corpus-based contrastive study of the French and Dutch demonstrative determiner in native language (L1) and learner language (L2). This study starts with a theoretical section in which we develop a systematic model of the referential uses of the demonstrative noun phrase by means of a critical study of literature in interplay with a qualitative analysis of authentic examples. Subsequently, we base our study for the most part on Granger’s Integrated Contrastive Model (1996) and we combine several contrastive L1 and L2 analyses in order to distinguish translation mechanisms from structural and distributional differences between the French and Dutch demonstrative determiner and to investigate to what extent these differences have an impact on written L2 productions. In order to examine the central research questions with respect to the descriptive part and the applied part of our doctoral thesis, we carry out three studies, each with a different focus: source language vs. target language (L1), original language vs. original language (L1) and original language vs. learner language (L1 – L2). At this purpose, we use two written L1 parallel corpora, namely the Dutch Parallel Corpus and the Namur Corpus, and two written learner corpora, in particular the Leerdercorpus Nederlands that contains 1315 Dutch texts written by French learners and the self-made Leerdercorpus Frans that includes 1402 French texts written by Dutch learners (B2-C1 level).

Les affriquées qu’on rencontre par exemple au début du substantif anglais chip, constituent un des mystères de la phonologie. Les linguistes ne savent toujours pas comment ce son, qui commence comme une plosive et termine comme une fricative, doit être décrit au niveau phonologique. C’est-a-dire, est-ce que les langues, ou plutôt les locuteurs d’une langue, considèrent ces unités comme une sorte de plosive, ou plutôt comme une combinaison d’une plosive et d’une fricative ?Cette thèse présente un aperçu des principales analyses proposées dans l’histoire de la phonologie, et vise à trouver une solution en considérant des sources complémentaires, variant d’un échantillon représentatif des langues du monde aux développements diachroniques et synchroniques en français. Nous verrons que les affriquées ne sont pas si complexe que l’on ne l’a longtemps cru. / Affricates, which we find for instance at the beginning of English chip, constitute one of the mysteries of phonological science. Linguists have been quarrelling for quite some time how this articulatory complex sound, consisting of a plosive released into a fricative, has to be described phonologically. That is, do languages, or rather speakers of a language, treat these units as a kind of plosive or as a balanced plosive-fricative combination?This thesis presents an overview of the different analyses put forward in the history of phonological theory, and aims to break the current deadlock by addressing data from complementary sources; ranging from a genetically-balanced sample of the world’s languages to diachronic and synchronic French. It is shown that affricates are not as complex as we had once thought.

Orientador: Adriane Orenha-Ottaiano / Banca: Ieda Maria Alves / Banca: Maria Helena de Paula / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como apoio o arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Linguística de Corpus (SINCLAIR, 1991, 1996, 2003; TOGNINI-BONELLI, 1996, 2001, 2004, 2010; HUNSTON, 2002; MEYER, 2004; MCENERY, HARDIE, 2012) e da Fraseologia (HAUSMANN, 1984, 1985, 1990; COWIE, 1998, 1999; MOON, 1998; WRAY, 2002; e ORENHA-OTTAIANO, 2004, 2009), área da Linguística voltada para combinações lexicais recorrentes, uma vez que focamos a investigação das unidades fraseológicas, mais especificamente das colocações frequentemente empregadas pela comunidade homossexual. Tais colocações foram extraídas de um corpus paralelo formado pelas transcrições dos episódios das cinco temporadas do seriado Queer as Folk e de um corpus comparável, composto de um subcorpus em inglês e um subcorpus português, a fim de atestar as palavras e as colocações mais frequentemente empregadas pela comunidade homossexual. Para realizar o levantamento dessas colocações, utilizamos o programa WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2012), versão 4.0. A partir do levantamento e da análise das colocações mais frequentemente empregadas pela comunidade homossexual em inglês e suas respectivas colocações em português, elaboramos uma proposta de um glossário de colocações de gay language baseado em corpus. Para sua elaboração, adotamos a metodologia proposta por Orenha-Ottaiano (2004, 2016), que trata da compilação de obras fraseográficas, mais especificamente de colocações, baseadas em corpus. A fim de verificar a frequência de todas as colocações... / Abstract: This research is supported by the theoretical-methodological framework of Corpus Linguistics (SINCLAIR, 1991, 1996, 2003; TOGNINI-BONELLI, 1996, 2001, 2004, 2010; HUNSTON, 2002; MEYER, 2004; MCENERY, HARDIE, 2012), as well as in the literature on phraseological, (HAUSMANN, 1984, 1985, 1990; COWIE, 1998, 1999; MOON, 1998; WRAY, 2002; e ORENHA-OTTAIANO, 2004, 2009), area of Linguistics focused on recurrent lexical combinations, the investigation of the phraseological units, more specifically of the collocations often employed by the homosexual community. Such collocations were extracted from a parallel corpus formed by the transcriptions of the episodes of the five seasons of the series Queer as Folk and a comparable corpus, composed of an English subcorpus and a Portuguese subcorpus to check the most frequent words used by the homosexual community. To collect the data, we used the program WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2012), version 4.0 Based on the data collected and analysis of the most frequently used collocations by the homosexual community in English and their correspondent Portuguese collocations, we elaborated a proposal for a corpus-based glossary of gay language collocations. For its compilation, we adopted the methodology proposed by Orenha-Ottaiano (2004, 2016), that deals with the compilation of corpus-based phraseological works, more specifically of collocations. In order to verify the frequency of all the collocations of our study, we used the Sketch Engine tool ... / Mestre

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos de Tradução, Florianópolis, 2016. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-13T03:04:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 350014.pdf: 7593241 bytes, checksum: 5c851febb692311da8b7649186e07788 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A novela The Turn of the Screw, de Henry James, tem sido objeto de uma vasta quantidade de estudos críticos desde sua publicação, em 1898. Constitui um exemplo do gênero novela, definido como um formato ?curto demais para ser um romance e longo demais para ser um conto?, em que Henry James foi bem sucedido. Desde o início, fez enorme sucesso de público e crítica e foi um dos maiores triunfos literários de James, mas talvez também seu trabalho mais controvertido e enigmático. A presente tese apresenta uma proposta de tradução da novela The Turn of the Screw para o português brasileiro. Alguns desafios de tradução foram também selecionados para discussão, com auxílio das ferramentas da linguística de corpus. Entre outras fontes de dados para a análise dos desafios tradutórios encontra-se um corpus contendo as dez traduções anteriores de Turn para o português do Brasil, compilado especialmente para o presente estudo. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com o auxílio do pacote de ferramentas WordSmith Tools 6.0. Foram também empregados recursos online, como o WebCorp Live, além da ferramenta de mapeamento de colocações denominada GraphColl. Os resultados das análises realizadas foram implementados na tradução da obra aqui proposta, como a proposta de título em Português Brasileiro ? ?Outra volta no parafuso?, incluindo também a questão da tradução dos termos ?governess? e ?housekeeper?, traduzidos como ?governanta? e ?preceptora?, respectivamente. Foi discutida também a tradução do vocábulo ?little?, que é usado por James de forma particular em alguns casos, preservados na tradução aqui proposta. Finalmente, analisou-se a tradução das formas de pretérito mais-que-perfeito, optando-se pela forma sintética (?fizera?), com exceção de alguns casos particulares dentro do texto. / Abstract : The Turn of the Screw by Henry James has been the object of a large number of critical studies since its publication in 1898. It is an example of the genre novella, defined as being "too short to be a novel and too long to be a short story", and in which Henry James was particularly successful. From the beginning, it was a huge success of both public and critic and was one of the greatest literary triumphs of James, and perhaps his most controversial and enigmatic work. This thesis proposes a translation of the novella The Turn of the Screw into Brazilian Portuguese. Some challenging points during the translation process were also selected for discussion, with the aid of corpus linguistics tools. Among other data sources for the analysis of translation challenges is a corpus containing the ten previous translations of Turn in Brazilian Portuguese, compiled especially for this study. The data obtained were analised with the help of the software suíte WordSmith Tools 6.0. Online resources were also employed, such as the site WebCorp Live, as well as GraphColl, a collocation mapping tool. The results of the analyses conducted were implemented in the translation of Turn included in the presente thesis, from the proposed title in Brazilian Portuguese - "Outra volta no parafuso", as well as the issue of translating the terms "governess" and "housekeeper", rendered as "governanta "and" preceptora", respectively. The translation of the word "little" was also discussed, since it is used by James in a distintive way in some cases, which were preserved in the translation we propose here. Finally, I analyzed the translation of the forms present perfect, opting for the synthetic form ("fizera") in Brazilian Portuguese, except for some specific cases.

The aim of this work is to introduce dislocation as a specific syntacic process and to describe its function and use. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theorethical part, I introduce basic linguistic terms. Then, I confront the French concept of valence with the Czech concept of valence, and I delineate the term of dislocation. In the practical part, I analyse the results found in the parallel language corpus with regard to its thematic role. I also focus on Czech equivalents and translation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of five Internet-based neologisms in the Global Web-based English corpus (GloWbE) (Davies, 2013), which includes data from six Inner Circle countries, where English is spoken as a native language, and 14 Outer Circle countries, where English has historically acquired an official status alongside the local languages (Kachru, 1985). Three of the target words (download, upload, and tweet) can function as verbs and nouns, whereas the other two (hashtag and app/s) only occur as nouns in the GloWbE corpus. Each word was examined in terms of its frequency of occurrence in the entire corpus and in each of the 20 countries. Then, the frequencies for the Inner and Outer Circle countries were collapsed and compared. For the first three words, which can be both verbs and nouns, separate searches were conducted in order to generate frequency statistics for the occurrence of the verbs and the nouns. Finally, the most frequent noun collocates for the verbs and the most frequent adjective collocates for the nouns were generated and analyzed. The data analysis revealed that in terms of overall frequency, the most frequently used was download, followed by tweet and upload, the latter showing the lowest frequency of the three. In addition, the statistics per million words showed higher frequencies for download and upload in the Outer Circle countries, whereas for tweet, higher frequencies per million words were observed in the Inner Circle countries. The most common noun collocates for the verb download included music, apps, and files, whereas upload and tweet most commonly occurred with photos and pictures. On the other hand, hashtag and app/s occurred only as nouns in the GloWbE corpus. Of the two, app/s showed a much higher frequency than hashtag, and in fact had the highest frequency statistics of the five words. The statistics per million words for the Inner and Outer Circles showed a consistent pattern, where the occurrence of both nouns per million words was at a higher rate in the Inner Circle than in the Outer Circle. The most common adjective collocates for app/s referred to different types, such as mobile apps, native apps, and third-party apps, whereas the adjectives modifying hashtag revealed a preference for new, popular, trending, and relevant hashtags. Overall, this study has revealed how five Internet-based neologisms occur in World Englishes in terms of frequencies, functions, and common collocates, which in turn suggested similarities and differences at the cultural and social level. It also invites further investigation of the GloWbE corpus, which as described by Davies and Fuchs (2015), offers numerous opportunities for comparisons among the different varieties of World English in terms of lexical, morphological, syntactic, and discourse variations.

Prolactin receptors (PRLr) were detected in anestrous (n=3), winter cycling (n=2), follicular (n=3) and luteal phase (n=3) equine ovaries by IHC. Follicle stages evaluated were primordial, preantral and antral. Receptors were detected in all follicle stages and in CL. PRLr staining was not different (P > 0.05) between primordial and preantral, but was greater (P < 0.001) in antral follicles. Primordial follicles stained weakest in anestrous and follicular phase ovaries, followed by luteal phase ovaries and was most intense in winter cycling. Staining in preantral follicles was weakest in anestrus, followed by follicular phase and highest in winter cycling and luteal phase. Staining was most intense in antral follicles with no difference (P > 0.05) between any of the reproductive states. Oocytes and ovulation fossa also possessed PRLr. In conclusion, concentrations of PRLr are highest in large, antral follicles suggesting a mechanistic role for PRL around the time of ovulation.

O presente trabalho avalia o uso de dois emoticons (pequenos ícones que supostamente denotam emoções) no universo virtual, particularmente em Mensagens Instantâneas (MI) de interações ocorridas no MSN. O trabalho conta como sujeitos com um grupo de 67 indivíduos entre 17 e 23 anos residentes do Rio de Janeiro que pertencem ao mesmo nível social e não possuem nenhuma diferença hierárquica. As interações foram transformadas em txt e tratadas através da ferramenta Wordsmith 5.0 (Scott, 2008) para organizá-las, quantificá-las e prepará-las para análise. Após separadas as linhas com emoticons, essas foram classificadas de acordo com a Teoria da Polidez com vistas a verificar se o emoticon teria função polida no discurso e se poderia mitigar um AAF (Ato Ameaçador de Face). Lançou-se mão também do conceito de atos de fala para explicar aqueles emoticons que a Teoria da Polidez não deu conta. A pesquisa ocorreu com material autêntico doado pelos participantes e coletado ao longo do ano de 2011. O presente trabalho levantou dados de como os emoticons eram usados, por quem, e qual sua frequência e preferência, inclusive por parte de gênero. Os resultados apontam para uma restrição da aplicação da Teoria da Polidez para explicar os emoticons: esses parecem desempenhar múltiplas funções além daquelas de polidez e mitigação. Apontam também para uma preferência por parte de cada sexo por uma função específica para os emoticons investigados / The present project evaluates the use of two emoticons (little icons that supposedly denote emotions) in the virtual world, particularly in Instant Messages (IM) of interactions that happened on MSN. The project uses as subjects a group of 67 individuals between the ages of 17 and 23 years old, residents of Rio de Janeiro, who belong to the same social level and have no hierarchical difference. The interactions were transformed into txt and treated through the Wordsmith 5.0 tool (Scott, 2008) to organize them, quantify them and prepare them for analysis. After separating the lines with emoticons, they were classified according to the Politeness Theory to verify if the emoticon could have the function of politeness in the discourse and if it could mitigate an FTA (Face Threatening Act). The concept of speech acts was also used to explain those emoticons that could not be explained by the Politeness Theory. The research used authentic material donated by its participants and collected throughout the year 2011. The present work researched how emoticons were used, by whom and its frequency and preference, including in terms of gender. The results point to a restriction of the application of the Politeness Theory to explain emoticons: they seem to have multiple functions besides politeness and mitigation. The results also point to a preference by each gender for a specific function of the investigated emoticons.

Submitted by Luiz Gustavo Teixeira null (guteixeiranh@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-13T00:13:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação final_corrigida.pdf: 1490041 bytes, checksum: c24052ade68282564ca0f8ec02c73aa8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-14T20:13:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeira_lg_me_sjrp.pdf: 1490041 bytes, checksum: c24052ade68282564ca0f8ec02c73aa8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T20:13:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeira_lg_me_sjrp.pdf: 1490041 bytes, checksum: c24052ade68282564ca0f8ec02c73aa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise das traduções das colocações criativas presentes em um corpus literário paralelo, constituído pela obra originalmente escrita em português, Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas (TO), de Machado de Assis e de suas três versões para língua inglesa: Epitaph of a Small Winner (TT¹), de Grossman (1953), Posthumous Reminiscences of Braz Cubas (TT²), de Ellis (1955) e, The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas (TT³), de Rabassa (1997). Como fundamentação teórica e metodológica, apoiamo-nos nos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística de Corpus e de sua interface com os Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus e a Literatura, no conceito de colocações criativas, bem como nos estudos machadianos, de Bosi (1999, 2006) e Schwarz (1990), mostrando como o olhar do defunto autor é retratado pelos olhos dos personagens, nas passagens selecionadas. Para o levantamento das palavras de maior índice de chavicidade, utilizamos o programa WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2012), o qual nos possibilitou realizar uma análise mais abrangente e dinâmica dos dados. Como corpora de referências em inglês e português, usamos respectivamente o Brown Corpus e o corpus Lácio-Ref. O levantamento das palavras-chave apontou a significativa chavicidade dos nódulos “olhos”, no texto original (TO) e de eyes, nos textos traduzidos (TT¹, TT², TT³), a partir dos quais extraímos e analisamos as colocações criativas relacionadas aos referidos nódulos. Tanto o levantamento das palavras-chave quanto a análise das traduções das colocações criativas, nas passagens selecionadas, mostram-nos que, apesar de todos os tradutores repetirem as traduções de algumas colocações criativas, Grossman (TT¹) as repete com mais frequência e, portanto, não explora a criatividade presente no estilo machadiano. A análise também nos sugere que em determinadas passagens, os tradutores não absorvem o sentido das colocações criativas originalmente empregadas, revelando a dificuldade de tradução do estilo machadiano. / This study aims to analyze the creative collocations in a literary parallel corpus comprised of the original text in Portuguese Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, by Machado de Assis (1891), and its three translations into English Epitaph of a Small Winner (TT¹), by Grossman (1953), Posthumous Reminiscences of Braz Cubas (TT²), by Ellis(1955) and, The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas (TT³), by Rabassa (1997). The theoretical and methodological approach was based on Corpus Linguistics and its relations with Corpus-based Translation Studies and Literature, on the study of creative collocations, and some literary concepts from Alfredo Bosi (1999, 2006) and Schwarz (1990), trying to show the implications of the dead Brás Cubas‘ looks on the characters in the selected fragments. In order to extract the most significant key words, we used the computer program WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2012) which allowed us to accomplish a broader analysis of data. As reference corpora we used the Brown Corpus in English and the Lacio-Ref corpus in Portuguese. The extraction of the keywords has shown a significant keyness value of the nodes ―olhos‖ in the original text (TO) and eyes in translated texts (TT¹, TT², TT³) and thus the creative collocations related to these nodes were analyzed. Both the extraction of keywords and the analysis of the translations of creative collocations, in the selected fragments, show us that in spite of the translators repeating the translation of some creative collocations, Grossman (TT¹) did it more frequently, and did not explored the creativity that Machado‘s writing entails. The analysis also suggests that in some fragments the translators do not render the very sense of the collocations, revealing how difficult the task of translating Machado‘s style is.