Mestrado em Controlo de Qualidade / MSc in Quality Control

<p>An analysis of the customer behaviour through the self concept theories in this specific market</p>

An analysis of the customer behaviour through the self concept theories in this specific market

The purpose is to outline and discuss how natural cosmetics companies succeed in creating desire for their products by implementing sensory marketing in their outlets in France and how the sensory marketing impacts differently on French women depending on their generation.Theory: The concept of branding and especially sensory branding introduces the strategy based on sensory marketing. A detailed description is given for each human sense about their characteristics, their importance in the buying process and their role to attract customers.Method: Our research consists in the elaboration and the administration of a questionnaire for French women between 15 and 50. After using secondary data and assuming hypotheses, the questionnaire enables to revise or not the theory and was built according to observations that have been made in natural cosmetics shops.Conclusion: Sensory marketing impacts consumers differently whether they belong to the generation X or to the generation Y. The same stimulus leads to different behaviours and different levels of sensitiveness. The generation X is greatly sensitive to touch while the smell impacts significantly the generation Y. Overall, both generations are influenced by a pleasant environment in which they spend more time and which increases their desire to purchase.Some companies can take advantage of these findings to implement efficient sensory practices in their outlet, affecting accurately the target generation.

Σκοπός της έρευνάς μας είναι να διευκρινίσουμε το προφίλ των καταναλωτών με βάση την επιλογή τους για τον τόπο αγοράς των καλλυντικών, να ερευνήσουμε τους λόγους της επιλογής τους, τις ανάγκες που καλύπτουν τα φαρμακεία, τα σούπερ μάρκετ ή τα πολυκαταστήματα καλλυντικών και πώς το φαρμακείο μπορεί να προσαρμοστεί σε αυτές ούτως ώστε να καλύψει μεγαλύτερο μέρος της αγοράς. Επιπλέον επιδιώκουμε να μελετήσουμε πώς τα δημογραφικά στοιχεία, ο τρόπος ενημέρωσης αλλά και πιο συγκεκριμένα στοιχεία όπως είναι η συσκευασία του καλυντικού και ο τρόπος προώθησής του, επηρεάζει τη συμπεριφορά του καταναλωτή. Για το λόγο αυτό δημιουργήσαμε ένα ερωτηματολόγιο το οποίο μας βοηθάει να αξιολογήσουμε την αγοραστική συμπεριφορά του κοινού σε σχέση με δημογραφικούς, οικονομικούς και μορφωτικούς παράγοντες. Πριν παραθέσουμε τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας, θα κάνουμε μία σύντομη ανασκόπηση στην παρούσα βιβλιογραφία σχετικά με το μάρκετινγκ των καλλυντικών στο φαρμακείο. Θα αναφερθούμε στις ισχύουσες τάσεις της αγοράς και της κοινωνίας που επηρεάζουν τις πωλήσεις των καλλυντικών ούτως ώστε να μπορέσουμε να τις συσχετίσουμε με τις ερωτήσεις και τις απαντήσεις που λάβαμε. Στη συνέχεια, θα αναλυθεί η μεθοδολογία της έρευνάς μας, ο τρόπος σχηματισμού του ερωτηματολογίου και η λογική πίσω από τις ερωτήσεις. Κατόπιν θα γίνει μια λεπτομερής αναφορά και ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων της δειγματοληπτικής έρευνας, τα οποία θα σχολιαστούν και θα συσχετιστούν με τις δεδομένες ανάγκες της αγοράς του φαρμακείου. Τέλος θα παρατεθεί η βιβλιογραφία με τη βοήθεια της οποίας συγγράφηκε η διπλωματική εργασία. / -

Women from across the globe purchase and consume cosmetics in order to achieve their appearance goals and it is generally agreed that a consumers’ goal orientation may influence their interpretation of advertising materials and thus the purchase decision-making process. The cosmetics industry promotes their products using almost exclusively images of attractive, young, highly idealised women, and thus has a significant influence on female appearance ideals worldwide. Extensive research connects viewing idealised images to negative outcomes for consumers’ self-concept, however there are mixed results regarding the effectiveness of idealised models in advertising. Moreover, there are mixed results regarding the effectiveness of different message frames. The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of possible selves and cosmetic advertising on the consumption of cosmetic products. This research draws together areas of literature which have been studied in varying settings in order to determine the individual and collective effects of these independent variables; possible selves, model idealisation and message framing, on women’s attitude toward cosmetic advertisements and purchase intentions in the cosmetic product context. To understand the effects that goal orientation, as well as the images and text of cosmetic advertisements have on cosmetics consumption, an online experiment was conducted using a 2x3x2 between-subjects factorial design. The study manipulated three independent variables, namely, salient possible self (hoped-for and feared), model idealisation (more idealised model, less idealised model and no model) and regulatory message framing (desired reference and undesired reference) and measured the impact of these variables on attitude toward the ad and resulting purchase intention. The final data set was comprised of 420 responses from 18-35 year old females. A series of ANCOVA analyses were used to determine the effects of possible selves, model idealisation and message frames on consumers’ attitude toward the ad and their purchase intention. The results indicate hoped-for selves, no model advertisements and desired message frames are independently the most effective in the cosmetics context. However, the goal-compatibility hypothesis was not supported. Furthermore, findings indicate an interaction between the image and the message of cosmetics advertising, which suggests cosmetic advertisers must carefully consider the combination of the images and messages they use to promote their brand and products. The theoretical and managerial implications, as well as direction for future research are discussed.

Diss. Stockholm : Univ., 2002.

Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of Sociology, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Dilene Paulo (dilene.fatima@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-01-22T13:38:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREIA CARLA NOVAIS DE ALMEIDA - DISSERATÇÃO PPGCMAT 2014.pdf: 1504175 bytes, checksum: df4b8e90a9d89dfe22b0388457465f25 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T13:38:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREIA CARLA NOVAIS DE ALMEIDA - DISSERATÇÃO PPGCMAT 2014.pdf: 1504175 bytes, checksum: df4b8e90a9d89dfe22b0388457465f25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-28 / Há muitos anos a prata tem sido usada em produtos de consumo em função de suas propriedades antimicrobianas. Com o advento da tecnologia para observação de átomos, vírus, se verificou a possibilidade de produzir materiais em escala nanométrica. A prata, especificamente, nesta dimensão nano, tem suas propriedades potencializadas, além de poder transpor barreiras do sistema biológico intransponíveis em escalas maiores. A preocupação, no entanto, sobre o uso deste ingrediente em produtos cosméticos é expor ao uso produtos cosméticos com nanoprata, sem antes ter a certeza da segurança quando em contato com sistemas biológicos. As autoridades têm discutido sobre nanotecnologia, mas ainda não há um consenso sobre a definição do termo nanotecnologia a ser adotada mundialmente. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar produtos cosméticos, visando identificar a composição química, estrutural e comprovar se as partículas de prata presentes nos cosméticos estão em escala nanométrica. As amostras foram separadas em triplicata e caracterizadas por meio de Difração de Raios X, Espectrometria de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, Análise Termogravimetrica, Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial, Distribuição Granulométrica e Espectroscopia de Plasma Acoplado. As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Avaliação de Biomateriais da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) e no Laboratório da Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Os resultados demonstram que os compostos de prata estão em baixas concentrações nos produtos desodorantes antitranspirantes analisados, chegando a partes por milhões (ppm) e em algumas amostras até partes por bilhões (ppb), isto dificultou que houvesse uma conclusão precisa, por meio das caracterizações usadas, sobre presença de nanoprata nas amostras pesquisadas. Baseado nos resultados de Distribuição Granulométrica pode-se concluir, no entanto, que considerando a média de tamanho em torno de 300nm das partículas presentes nas amostras que a prata presente não está em escala nanométrica, pois verifica-se nas literaturas que as nanopratas sintetizadas encontram-se em torno de 20nm. / For many years silver has been used in consumer products due to their antimicrobial properties. With the advent of the observation of atoms, viruses technology, there is the possibility of producing materials at the nanometer scale. Silver, specifically, this nano dimension, would have leveraged their properties, and can overcome the barriers insurmountable biological system at larger scales. The concern, however, about the use of this ingredient in cosmetic products is exposed to use cosmetic products with nanosilver, without having the assurance of safety when in contact with biological systems. Authorities have discussed about nanotechnology, but there is still no consensus on how to define the term nanotechnology and this definition be adopted worldwide. Thus, this work aims to evaluate cosmetic products in order to identify the chemical, structural composition and prove that the silver particles present in cosmetics are in the nanometer scale. The samples were separated in triplicate and characterized by means of X-ray Diffraction, Infrared Spectrometry Fourier Transform, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Grain Size Distribution Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. The analyzes were performed at the Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of Biomaterials, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) and Laboratory of the University of Brasilia (UNB). The results showed that the silver compounds are in low concentrations in antiperspirant deodorant products analyzed, reaching parts per million (ppm) and even in some samples parts per billion (ppb), so was difficult precise conclusion, through the characterizations used on presence of nanosilver in the surveyed samples. Based on the results of particle size distribution can be concluded, however, that considering the average size around 300nm particles present in the samples can be concluded that silver. this is not at the nanometer scale, because it turns out in the literature that the synthesized nanopratas are around 20nm.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 manaia_eb_me_arafcf.pdf: 933779 bytes, checksum: d46491f2fe3590f23084880ccff5dbe8 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A incidência de câncer de pele em todo o mundo cresce exponencialmente principalmente devido à exposição freqüente à radiação ultravioleta (UV). O uso de protetor solar é a medida mais eficaz para a sua prevenção. O dióxido de titânio (TiO2) é um filtro inorgânico que atua espalhando, refletindo e absorvendo a radiação UV, é fotoestável, hipoalergênico, entretanto, deixa a pele com aspecto esbranquiçado dependendo do tamanho da partícula. Hoje em dia há uma procura grande por produtos multifuncionais e o uso de estruturas líquido-cristalinas vem crescendo cada vez mais por promover a liberação controlada de ativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver sistemas multifuncionais líquido-cristalinos contendo nanopartículas de TiO2 transparentes capazes de agir como fotoprotetores e de liberar terpinem-4-ol (terpeno com atividade antioxidante) de forma controlada prevenindo e/ou tratando o câncer de pele. O teste de citotoxicidade mostrou que as nanopartículas de TiO2 obtidas através do processo sol-gel não foram citotóxicas para as duas linhagens de células testadas (queratinócitos de pele humana – HaCaT e fibroblastos de pulmão humano – MRC-5), evidenciando o uso deste material nos humanos sem causar danos. O potencial zeta das nanopartículas indicou que entre pH 5 e 7, que não é agressivo para pele humana, é possível evitar aglomeração das nanopartículas por estas apresentarem cargas superficiais significativas. Os dados de espalhamento de raios X a baixo ângulo e microscopia de luz polarizada mostraram que foi possível manter a estrutura líquido-cristalina das formulações com a presença de nanopartículas de TiO2 e terpinem-4-ol. O teste de liberação in vitro das formulações contendo 1 e 5% de terpinem-4-ol mostraram que o sistema líquido-cristalino controlou... / The incidence of skin cancer growth exponentially in all the world mainly due to the frequent ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposition. The sunscreen use is one of the efficient manners to prevent the skin cancer. The titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an inorganic filter which works scattering, reflecting and absorbing the UV radiation, it is photostable, hypoalergenic, but it presents a whiteness appearance depending on the particle size. Nowadays there is a high demand for multifunctional products and the use of liquid crystal has been increasing because it promotes active controlled delivery. The propose of this work is to develop liquid crystalline multifunctional systems with transparent TiO2 nanoparticles able to photoprotect the skin and release in a controlled manner terpinem-4-ol (a terpen with antioxidant activity) to prevent and/or treat the skin cancer. The citotoxicity assay showed that TiO2 nanoparticles obtained by sol-gel process weren´t cytotoxics to the two cell lines tested (human skin keratinocites – HaCaT and human lung fibroblasts – MRC-5), evidencing the use of this material on the humans without dangers. The nanoparticles zeta potential indicated that at pH about 5 and 7, pH that is not irritative to the human skin, it´s possible to prevent nanoparticles aggregation due to their significative superficial charges. The small angle scattering X rays and light polarized microscopy data showed that it is possible to maintain the liquid crystalline structure of the formulations with the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles and terpinem-4-ol. The in vitro terpinem-4-ol release assay of the formulations containing 1 and 5% of terpinem-4-ol showed the controlled release of the liquid crystalline systems (liberation at about 13% in 12 hours), being zero order the best mathematical model that fit the release profile, indicating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)