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1	Hodnocení dopadů veřejných podpor na rozvoj podniků v ČR / The Impact of Public Support on Development of Enterprises in the Czech Republic Loun, Jakub January 2011 (has links) Diploma thesis The Impact of Public Subsidies on Development of Enterprises in the Czech Republic examines the real impact on profit, revenues and debts. Counterfactual impact evaluation method is used on companies subsidised from structural funds. These indicators were examined by difference-in-difference method based on the selective research of 1738 companies subsidised from OP Entrepreneurship and Innovation and control group of the same size. The impact of public support on the profit of subsidised companies was quantified as 608 -- 5 547 ths. CZK and the impact on sales as 14 713 -- 42 511 ths. CZK. 1 CZK used for subsidies increased the profit of supported companies by 0.05 -- 0.44 CZK and sales by 1.16 -- 3.35 CZK. Hypothesis that the growth of supported firms increased their debt has not been proved. Also a slight positive effect of support on growth in return on equity was identified.
2	Predictive Models for Hospital Readmissions Shi, Junyi January 2023 (has links) A hospital readmission can occur due to insufficient treatment or the emergence of an underlying disease that was not apparent at the initial hospital stay. The unplanned readmission rate is often viewed as an indicator of the health system performance and may reflect the quality of clinical care provided during hospitalization. Readmissions have also been reported to account for a significant portion of inpatient care expenditures. In an effort to improve treatment quality, clinical outcomes, and hospital operating costs, we present machine learning methods for identifying and predicting potentially preventable readmissions (PPR). In the first part of the thesis, we use logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting, and neural network to predict 30-day unplanned readmissions. In the second part, we apply association rule analysis to assess the clinical association between initial admission and readmission, followed by employing counterfactual analysis to identify potentially preventable readmissions. This comprehensive analysis can assist health care providers in targeting interventions to effectively reduce preventable readmissions. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) Hospital Readmission Predictive Modelling Machine Learning Association Rule Analysis Counterfactual Analysis
3	A forecasting approach to estimating cartel damages : The importance of considering estimation uncertainty Prohorenko, Didrik January 2020 (has links) In this study, I consider the performance of simple forecast models frequently applied in counterfactual analysis when the information at hand is limited. Furthermore, I discuss the robustness of the standard t-test commonly used to statistically detect cartels. I empirically verify that the standard t-statistics encompasses parameter estimation uncertainty when one of the time series in a two-sided t-test has been estimated. Thereafter, I compare the results with those from a corrected t-test, recently proposed, where the uncertainty has been accounted for. The results from the study show that a simple OLS-model can be used to detect a cartel and to compute a counterfactual price when data is limited, at least as long as the price overcharge inflicted by the cartel members is relatively large. Yet, the level of accuracy may vary and at a point where the data used for estimating the model become relatively limited, the model predictions tend to be inaccurate. Forecasting approach estimation uncertainty merger simulation cartels t-test small sample size damages counterfactual analysis Economics Nationalekonomi
4	An Economic Proposition? Educational Assortative Mating and Earnings Inequality in Sweden, 2000-2010 Helperin, Simon January 2020 (has links) Educational assortative mating and earnings inequality has both increased in both Europe and the United States in the last decades. As a result, educational assortative mating, or educational homogamy, has been suggested as a potential explanation for the increase in earnings inequality. According to this hypothesis increased sorting on education will lead to polarization between lower and higher-educated couples where the advantages of the latter will compound on one another and lead to increased economic inequality. The majority of the studies to date report a non-relationship between educational assortative mating and earnings inequality, one of the exceptions being a study of Denmark. This exception has led sociologists to theorize that the impact of educational assortative mating could be especially strong in the Nordic countries. In this study I test this hypothesis by employing a novel decomposition method, the Theil-index, to answer if increases in educational assortative mating are associated with increases in earnings inequality in Sweden between 2000 and 2010, using data from the Standard of Living Survey (LNU). The result is a non-relationship between homogamy and earnings inequality and an overall decrease in earnings inequality in the sample. The result is another null result for the hypothesis that educational homogamy leads to inequality, and points to a larger discrepancy between singles and couples than between couples. If corroborated, this decrease in earnings inequality would mean a divergence, in earnings inequality, between partnered individuals and the general population. Future studies should focus on the extent of this divergence. Assortative mating homogamy earnings inequality salary economic inequality decomposition counterfactual analysis
5	Mohou makroprudenční politiky omezit boom cen realit? Mezinárodní evidence / Can macroprudential policies curb house price booms? International evidence Šváb, Ondřej January 2021 (has links) This thesis examines the effectiveness of macroprudential policies on reducing housing price growth in the international database of 56 countries with the use of GMM and fixed effects between 2000 and 2017. The macroprudential index is added to the dynamic panel data model where the housing price index is regressed on housing price determinants as the economic growth or unemployment rate. The analysis is also conducted on the sample of countries with a higher market share of owners with a mortgage as there is a higher opportunity to control the housing market through the credit channel. Nevertheless, results show that we do not have enough evidence to state that macroprudential policies curb house price booms. Contrarily, the effect seems to work in the opposite direction which is probably caused by a reverse causality between the growth of real estate prices and the implementation of macroprudential tools. The debt-to-income restriction is the only tool that decreases housing price growth according to the fixed effects model. Detailed counterfactual analysis of the Czech market proposes only a slight impact of the loan-to-value measure on the apartment price development according to one out of four predictions. 1
6	Three essays in the economics of higher education Cowell, Paul David January 2017 (has links) This thesis presents three empirical analyses in the economics of Higher Education within the United Kingdom. The first analysis evaluates the impact of student funding reforms on participation and course choice, through the use of a difference-in-differences strategy with heterogeneous treatment effects. The results show that students who received the largest increase in study costs were less likely to move further away and also more likely to study a subject with lower graduate wage premia due to the significant reduction in the risk of investing in higher education. Students who received the largest increase in up-front financial support were more likely to attend a university further away. The second question addresses whether undergraduate subject choice is affected by changes in the expected benefits and opportunity costs of investing in HE through variation in the labour market. Students who reside in areas of high unemployment are found to be less likely to choose subjects with the largest graduate wage and employment premia. This suggests that students may be afraid of failure in challenging labour markets and instead choose to study subjects with a greater chance of success. However, lower socioeconomic status students are more likely to study subjects with the highest graduate wage and employment premia. This suggests that the students who may be the most aware of the costs, are also the most aware of the benefits. Finally, the third analysis investigates whether students who are socioeconomically disadvantaged incur a further penalty in terms of degree attainment. The results show that the most disadvantaged students outperform their advantaged counterparts. This may be due to pre-university attainment being an imperfect measure of ability in the most disadvantaged students, or that students who have had to overcome the most challenges to attend university are better-equipped and more determined to succeed.
7	單一性別學習環境對高中女生選組行爲的影響：基於「台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫」的反事實分析 / The Effect of Single-Sex Schooling on High School Girls’ Curriculum Tracking Selection: A Counterfactual Analysis of Taiwan Educational Panel Survey 李尋菲 Unknown Date (has links) 本研究使用「臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫」第二波（2003）國三與第三波（2005）高二的CP追蹤數據，採用反事實模型框架下的傾向分數配對法估計單一性別環境對臺灣高中女生選組行爲（自然組／社會組）的因果效應。使用學生進入高中前的國三資料，本研究在學生因素，家庭因素和學校、班級因素三個方面充分平衡處置組（進入女校）和控制組（進入男女合校）的樣本，使配對樣本之間除了進入女校或進入男女合校之外，在以上三個方面儘可能相等，嘗試克服觀察性數據因選擇性偏誤問題對因果效應的估計帶來的阻礙。結果顯示，在進行傾向分數配對後，處置組和控制組之間達到了很好的平衡，進入女校的女生與進入男女合班的男女合校中的女生相比，女校顯著地促進了高中女生選自然組的機率，然而該效應在數學成績水平不同的女生中存在異質性，女校顯著地促進了數學成績處於高水平的女生的選擇自然組的行爲。作爲教育分流的重要組成部分，臺灣高中生選組行爲的性別隔離長期存在，選組行爲與學生未來大學科系選擇和職業選擇關係密切，自然組中低比例的女生組成顯現出隱藏的教育機會不平等。該現象長期存在的背後因素，除了學生個人因素和學生家庭背景因素帶來的影響，本研究關注學校這一角色對高中女生選組行爲的影響。 / Based on the Taiwan Educational Panel Survey’s core panel data from wave 2 (junior high school/9th grade) and wave 3 (high school/11th grade), researcher applies the propensity score analysis in counterfactual framework to study the causal effect of single-sex schooling on high school girls’ curriculum tracking (science track or humanity track) selection. Observational data always be the obstacles of making the causal analysis because it's lacking random assignment and being under threat of selection bias and unobserved variables. Using the pretreatment variables from students in 9th grade, students in the treatment group were matched with those in control groups by the individual factors, family factors and school, classroom environment factors. After matching, students come from different groups are supposed to be relatively equivalent on all the matching variables except for attending single-sex school or not. The researcher can make suitable comparison and prediction between well-matched samples. The result shows that more girls in single-sex high schools tend to choose science track. Effect of single-sex schooling is not the same among girls with different level of math scores. It benefits girls with top math performance significantly. As an important part of the educational tracking system, alternative curriculum tracking selection in Taiwan high school is worth noteworthy. The long lasting gender segregation is closely associated with students college major as well as occupation selection and it reveals the hidden educational inequality between gender. Other than focusing on the individual and family background effect on high school girls’ curriculum tracking selection, this study highlights the school effect on it. 單一性別環境傾向分數配對反事實分析教育分流台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫 Single-sex Schooling Propensity Score Matching(PSM) Counterfactual analysis Educational tracking Taiwan Educational Panel Survey(TEPS)
8	Le contentieux privé des pratiques anticoncurrentielles : Étude des contentieux privés autonome et complémentaire devant les juridictions judiciaires / Private litigation of competition law (cartels and abuses of dominance) : Study of stand alone and follow-on litigations in national courts Amaro, Rafael 05 December 2012 (has links) L’actualisation des données sur le contentieux privé des pratiques anticoncurrentielles fait naître laconviction que l’état de sous-développement souvent pointé est aujourd’hui dépassé. Les statistiquessont nettes : des dizaines d’affaires sont plaidées chaque année. Toutefois, ce contentieux s’esquissesous des traits qui ne sont pas exactement ceux du contentieux indemnitaire de masse faisant suite àla commission d’ententes internationales. C’est un fait majeur qui doit être noté car l’essentiel desprojets de réforme furent bâtis sur cet idéal type. Trois des caractères les plus saillants de la réalitéjudiciaire témoignent de cette fracture entre droit positif et droit prospectif. D’abord, le contentieuxprivé est majoritairement un contentieux contractuel entre professionnels aux forces déséquilibrées. Ensuite, c’estun contentieux national – voire local – plus qu’un contentieux international. Enfin, c’est plutôt uncontentieux autonome se déployant devant les juridictions judiciaires sans procédure préalable oupostérieure des autorités de concurrence (stand alone). Paradoxalement, les actions complémentaires(follow-on), pourtant réputées d’une mise en oeuvre aisée, sont plus rares. Ces observations invitentalors à réviser l’ordre des priorités de toute réflexion prospective. Ainsi, la lutte contre l’asymétried’informations et de moyens entre litigants, l’essor de sanctions contractuelles efficaces, larecomposition du rôle des autorités juridictionnelles et administratives dans le procès civil ou encorele développement des procédures de référé s’imposent avec urgence. Mais s’il paraît légitime desoutenir ce contentieux autonome déjà existant, il n’en reste pas moins utile de participer à laréflexion déjà amorcée pour développer le contentieux indemnitaire de masse tant attendu et dont onne peut négliger les atouts. De lege ferenda, le contentieux privé de demain présenterait donc uncaractère bicéphale ; il serait à la fois autonome et complémentaire. Il faut alors tenter de concevoir unrégime efficace pour ces deux moutures du contentieux privé en tenant compte de leurs exigencesrespectives. Or l’analyse positive et prospective de leurs fonctions révèlent que contentieuxautonome et contentieux complémentaire s’illustrent autant par les fonctions qu’ils partagent que parcelles qui les distinguent. Il serait donc excessif de vouloir en tous points leur faire application derègles particulières ou, à l’inverse, de règles identiques. C’est donc vers l’élaboration d’un régime commun complété par un régime particulier à chacun d’eux que s’orientera la présente recherche.PREMIÈRE PARTIE. Le régime commun aux contentieux privés autonome et complémentaireSECONDE PARTIE. Le régime particulier à chacun des contentieux privés autonome et complémentaire / Pas de résumé en anglais Actions de groupe Actions en nullité Actions en réparation Amende civile Analyses contrefactuelles Causalité Class actions Clémence civile Compétence matérielle Compétence territoriale Conflit de juridictions Conflit de lois Contentieux de la distribution Contentieux privé Droit de la concurrence Dommage concurrentiel Dommages et intérêts confiscatoires Dommages et intérêts punitifs Évaluation du dommage Loi applicable Loyauté de la preuve Matière pénale Mesures d’instructions Ministère public ad hoc Non bis in idem Nullité Office du juge Opportunité des poursuites Opt out Peine privée Pratiques anticoncurrentielles Preuve Preuve par présomption Private enforcement Procès équitable Référé Relevé d’office Responsabilité civile Responsabilité des dirigeants Restitutions Union européenne Ad hoc prosecutors Anticompetitive practices Antitrust law Arbitration Causation Civil leniency Civil penalty Class actions Collective redress Competition law Confiscatory damages Conflict of jurisdiction Conflict of laws Counterfactual analysis Criminal matter Criminal prosecution Damages actions European Union Ex officio application of law Fair trial Follow-on actions French civil and criminal proceedings French competition law French law French law of evidence French unfair trading practices law Non bis in idem Nullity Opt in class action Opt out class action Private enforcement Private litigation Punitive damages Quantification of damages Settlements Stand alone actions Summary judgment Tort law Unfair evidence

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