During the normalization period, the topic of countryside life in literature started to reappear. Many prosaic works depicted character's departure from the city to the countryside and his/her beginning of their new life in unknown surroundings. This thesis focuses on such works of art, published between the 1970s and 1980s. It compares four officially published examples of countryside novels containing any mark of escapism (in novels written by Jan Otčenášek, Bohumil Říha, Jiří Medek, Jan Kostrhun) with examples of prose published in samizdat or exile (Mojmír Klánský, Milan Kundera). Through intertextual as well as thematic and compositional analysis, the thesis investigates common features contained in this "escapist" literature. The analysis is inspired by the poetics of space and by the concept of the countryside as an idyllic space.

This Master thesis is based on empirical research of entrepreneurial subjects located in microregion Sedlčany which searches and evaluates the impacts of rural entrepreneurship in this region. Rural entrepreneurship has gone through changes. In comparison to its past, these changes have reflected the growing importance of non-agricultural subjects in countryside. Theoretical part presents a view into general way-outs to define a countryside and rural business. In addition, practical part pays attention to analysis of specific impacts of companies in this limited region. For instance, it brings us critical knowledge about cooperative networking, targeted markets, positive and negative factors which may influence local businesses. A component of this analysis is also an attempt to find and define motivating factors for migration in this monitored area.

The goal of this thesis is to analyse the business opportunities in Libáň and propose a new business plan, which in this particular town is missing and has the potential to succeed. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals mainly with small and medium sector companies and prerequisites for a successful business. There are also explained the terminology attaching to the business and the business plan. The practical part consists of a business plan of the language school in a small town. The plan also contains of a detailed description of services offered, location and competitive environment as well as marketing and financial plan. At the end of the document are evaluated risks and prospects of the plan.

A ocupação urbana de Rondonópolis, até a década de 1970, restringia-se ao Centro Principal e seu entorno com predomínio da atividade residencial. Com o aumento da produção no campo, a área urbana demandava novos serviços, profissionais, além de novos espaços para moradia e instalação das atividades relativas ao comércio e prestação de serviços. Assim, objetivamos analisar as mediações existentes entre a modernização no campo e a produção do espaço urbano de Rondonópolis, particularmente após a década de 1980, tomando como referência a participação dos promotores imobiliários na produção de centralidades, a partir de dados censitários, mapeamentos, entrevistas e séries fotográficas. Durante a década de 1980, foram implantados no tecido urbano o maior número de conjuntos habitacionais e loteamentos de iniciativa particular e, públicos financiados pelo Sistema Financeiro de Habitação. Tal situação contribuiu para a criação de condições para que os promotores imobiliários e proprietários fundiários expandissem a área loteada, nem sempre edificada, intercalada aos grandes vazios urbanos, com terrenos baldios destinados à espera de valorização. As vilas formavam um arco contornando o Centro Principal e eram ocupadas por população com atividade no centro urbano, no campo ou dela proveniente, atraindo cada vez mais a massa trabalhadora para a cidade, elevando a taxa de crescimento urbano, entre 1980 e 1991, com incremento de 74%. As novas áreas intraurbanas apresentam certo grau de heterogeneidade entre elas, pois a área central da cidade alterou-se com o surgimento das avenidas especializadas e do Rondon Plaza Shopping Center, distantes do Centro Principal. O entorno dessas áreas favorece ao crescimento horizontal e vertical, com aparecimento de novos espaços de consumo, mudando a estrutura interna da cidade, passando de monocêntrica para a cidade multi(poli)cêntrica. A descentralização das atividades econômicas em Rondonópolis é um processo ainda não concluído, mas demonstra uma tendência pela dinâmica econômica, políticas locais e regionais e, pela infraestrutura e evolução industrial, caminhando para a formação de novas centralidades. / The urban occupation of Rondonópolis, until the 1970s, was reduced to the city center and its surroundings with the predominance of the residential activity. With the growth in the countrysides production, the urban area required new professional services, besides new spaces for housing and construction of activities related to the commerce. In this way, we aim to analyze the existent mediation between the modernization in the countryside and the development of the urban space in Rondonópolis, mainly after the 1980s, taking as a reference the involvement of real state brokers in the development of centralities, beginning from the computation of inhabitants data, mappings, interviews and photographical sets. During the 1980s, a greater number of housing buildings as well as private and public divisions of lands was created, financed by the Housing Financial System. Real state brokers and landlords have enlarged their lands, not always constructed, intercalated by great empty urban lands, with vacant lots waiting for valorization. The villages made an arch surrounding the city center and were occupied by population with activities in the urban center or in the countryside, attracting each time more workers to the city, raising the urban development rate, between 1980 and 1991, with increment of 74%. The new intraurban areas present a certain degree of heterogeneity among them, because the central area of the city has changed with the development of specialized avenues and Rondon Plaza Shopping Center, far away from the main city center. The surrounding of these areas favours the vertical and horizontal development, with the beginning of new consuming spaces, changing the internal structure of the city which was monocentric and started to be multi(poly)centric. The decentralization of the economical activities in Rondonópolis is still an unconcluded process, however it demonstrates a tendency for the economical dynamics, local and regional politics and, for the industrial infrastructure and evolution, leading for the constitution of new centralities

Les romans du XIXème siècle, et en particulier les romans réalistes, font dupaysan un personnage à part entière de la littérature. Plusieurs écrivains majeurs,Balzac, Sand, Zola, et l’ensemble des auteurs du « roman rustique » le représentent dansl’exercice de sa profession, celle d’agriculteur, et dans son environnement familier, lacampagne rurale.A la fin du XVIIIème siècle, les poètes romantiques ont valorisé le sentiment dela nature et la description du paysage dans leur oeuvre. Mais le paysage agricole au tracégéométrique s’accommode, à priori, assez mal de l’esthétique romantique. Cependantles moyens propres à la représentation littéraire, en partie inspirés par la peintureimpressionniste, permettent de dresser du paysage agricole un tableau à l’égal desreprésentations de la nature. / The novels of the nineteenth century and in particular the realist novels turnthe peasant into a major literary persona. Many well-known writers, Balzac, Sand, Zola,and all the authors of the « rustic novel » represent the peasant exercising hisprofession, a farmer, in his familiar environment, the rural countryside.At the end of the eighteenth century, the romantic poets gave prominence toNature’s spirit and to landscape descriptions in their works. But the geometric outline ofagricultural countryside fits poorly, for the most part, into the romantic esthetic. Yet themeans belonging to literary representation, inspired in part by impressionistic painting,lend themselves to creating a picture of the agricultural countryside equal torepresentation of Nature.

The answer to what Zaježová is, can be simple. Zaježová are so called „lazy“. Zaježová is perceived by the outside world - society - primarily as an alternative community of people living in coexistence with nature, and “Zaježová” presents itself “in this way”. Personally, I think that Zaježová is defined mainly by the strong individualities of people who are able to say about themselves and present that they live in a community. Last but not least, Zaježová is a place where I spent a large part of my childhood, because my parents belonged to these strong individuals and decided to live life “alone”. My work tries to capture what Zaježová is through various media, including architecture. The output is a set of atypical tourist maps and a proposal to transform the former fire station into a gallery.

My master´s thesis deals with issue of EU dotation. It contains an overview of funds, programs and the process of creating a project to gain a dotation. It is focused on the program for countryside development.

The aim of my Master’s thesis is create business plan financed by Countryside development program. The project is about reconstruction agricultural building into pension, which will offer ativities on organic farm and will be aimed on families with childern.

This thesis defines the values and qualities of rural areas, describes the transformations of architecture and public spaces in the Kysuce region, especially after the year 1989. The development is compared with for¬eign rural regions in Europe. The assignment was to introduce foreign local regulations, verify their influ¬ence on rural areas and modern architecture. The thesis explains the meaning and reasons of architectural and urban planning regulations, verifies the legislative possibilities of their application in Kysuce region and suggests tactics leading to increase of a building culture in the region.

The thesis discusses suburban villages (and, indirectly, also villages that are even further away from urban areas), their current character, and their changes over the course of history. Most Bohemian, Moravian and Silesian municipalities struggle with persistent issues, such as the decline of their primarily agrarian function (and the unattractiveness of this lifestyle for the younger generations), changes in demographic composition (the exodus of natives to cities, and their replacement by “weekenders“), the lower purchase power of rural areas (due to lower wages in agriculture and the lack of other job opportunities), insufficient traffic infrastructure, unclear property relations, the loss of their own identity due to the closeness of a core city, and uncontrolled suburbanisation which transforms both villages and their environment. The end effects of these issues are depopulation of rural areas, ageing of current inhabitants and unfavourable prospects for the future. On the other hand, the situation in neighbouring Bavaria seems to be the exact opposite. Bavaria hasn't experienced collectivisation, and a communist dictatorship hasn't cut the ties of local inhabitants towards their lands and properties which have been in their families for centuries. Many issues encountered in the Czech Republic are therefore unknown here, and villages that happen to be near urban areas tend to grow in a natural way while retaining their original rural and local identities. The superior infrastructure network enables better mobility of the populace, which allows the people to commute longer distances. However, they can still spend their time in their actual place of residence, and they often proudly consider themselves a part of the local social life and of the local community – not of the core city. Therefore the goal of the thesis is to compare Czech and Bavarian villages in terms of sustainable development, using specific examples, to analyse which elements are better in which system, and to compare whether it is possible to apply the principles of sustainability which are used in Bavaria to the sustainable development of Czech countryside.