Membranas do Mundo: Agenciamentos, Operações e Formas de Ativação do Espaço trata-se de uma pesquisa prático teórica decorrente das operações e dos movimentos desencadeados pela minha produção em Artes Visuais. São abordadas quatro experiências realizadas durante o período desta pesquisa e que ampliaram o conceito de índice e membrana, presentes em trabalhos anteriores. Observam-se as operações de revestimentos, encobrimentos e obliterações na problemática do esconder e do revelar, bem como nas formas e modos de apresentação das mesmas. O grupo de trabalhos evidencia as relações de latência, de ativação, do plano ao volume e nos espaços de apresentação, transitando entre diversos meios, incluindo a fotografia. Busca deter-se nas circunstâncias constitutivas desse processo e nos modos de apresentação, ao proporcionar diálogos com outras produções e artistas, em exemplos que discutem as relações de ativação ocorridas. Dos índices encontrados e deslocados, reorientados no contexto de cada lugar pela forma e estrutura da apresentação, encaminha os desdobramentos do processo para os meios da publicação. / World Membranes: Agency, Operations and Space Activation Modes is a practical-theoretical research derived from operations and movements activated by my Visual Art production. The paper shows four experiences accomplished during the research period and which have amplified the concept of index and membrane presented in previous works. The paper observes the covering and coating operations and the obliterations in the problem of hiding and revealing, as well as the ways of their presentations. The set of works highlights the relation of latency of activation, from flat to volume and in spaces of presentation, moving among many supports, including photography. The paper intends to dwell on the constitutive circumstances of the process and on the presentation modes when promoting dialogues with other artists and productions, with examples that discuss the relations of activation that have occurred. From the index found and moved, reguided in the context of each place by its mode and structure of presentation, the paper guides the unfoldments of the process to the means of publication.

This dissertation aims at understanding, based on Aracaju city history, the reasons why the mangroves of the city were covered with earth. To answer this question, it was necessary to state three more specific objectives: to indentify the reasons for mangroves covering throughout Aracaju history; to locate the areas where there used to be mangroves, but not anymore; and to show the relationship between the aracajuano inhabitant and the mangroves. After the first step of the research, the data collection, the research documents were categorized, according to Bardin (1977). In the first specific objective there are the categories named public sphere and the public-private connection, divided into another classes: health, accessibility, housing and real estate speculation; the last two objectives can be observed throughout the analysis. The historical sources studied, like the reports given by the presidents of Sergipe province in the 19th century, point out the covering as a constant routine. Together with this findings, the observation of the recent urbanization, mainly in Jardins area (1996-1997) and the occupation on the mangroves are the reason for the first time delimitation from 1855 to 2005. Although the 150 year-celebration could stop the analyzes about the theme and induce to the total history, that is not the purpose. From this research, the reasons for the coverings show a continuous time and, besides that, an agreement by civil society in which the government is included. Finally, this study, while historical study of the devastation and partial extinction of Aracaju mangroves, does not intend to judge the man from the past, but to alert to its probable extinction. / Esta dissertação tem o intuito de compreender, através da trajetória histórica de Aracaju, por que motivos os manguezais da cidade foram aterrados. Para atingi-lo, foi necessária a elaboração de mais três objetivos específicos, que foram: identificar as motivações para os aterramentos de manguezais ao longo da História de Aracaju; localizar as áreas abrangidas por manguezais, na cidade de Aracaju, no passado, e compara-las às do presente; demonstrar a relação aracajuano-manguezal presente na documentação pesquisada. Após o primeiro passo da pesquisa, que foi a coleta de fontes, o conjunto da documentação pesquisado foi categorizado, de acordo com a análise de conteúdo sugerida por Bardin (1977). No primeiro objetivo específico, encontraram-se as categorias esfera pública e a conexão público-privada, divididas nas subcategorias: salubridade, acessibilidade, habitação e especulação imobiliária. Os dois últimos objetivos específicos podem ser observados no corpo textual das análises. O estudo das fontes históricas, como os relatórios de presidentes de Província, ainda no século XIX, apontam os aterramentos como um expediente corriqueiro. Aliada a esta descoberta, a observação da urbanização recente, sobretudo do Bairro Jardins (1996-1997) e dos assentamentos sobre os manguezais, concorreu para a delimitação temporal, à principio de 1855 2005. Não obstante, o marco de 150 anos culminaria por engessar as análises pertinentes ao tema e induziria à pretensão de uma história total dos manguezais aracajuanos, o que não é intuito desta pesquisa. Observa-se, através deste estudo, que as motivações para os aterros de manguezais aracajuanos apresentam uma continuidade temporal, e além disto, uma conivência da sociedade civil, na qual está inserido o poder público. Por fim, esta dissertação, enquanto estudo histórico da devastação e extinção parcial dos manguezais aracajuanos, não pretende julgar o homem aracajuano do passado, mas alertar para o risco de permanência da prática de aterros: a extinção total dos manguezais da cidade de Aracaju.

O revestimento de argamassa de fachada é utilizado em praticamente todos os edifícios residenciais;assim, sua importância é caracterizada tanto pelo uso intenso, quanto por desempenhar importantes funções estéticas e de proteção do edifício, além de representar importante parcela do custo direto de construção e de manutenção das fachadas. O presente trabalho busca caracterizar, analisar e propor melhorias ao processo de produção dos revestimentos de argamassa de fachada de edifícios, particularmente quanto às etapas de projeto, execução e controle, através de levantamentos realizados em quatro obras de importantes empresas de construção na cidade de Santos. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em revisão bibliográfica, e posterior aplicação dos conceitos levantados nos estudos de caso. Com base neste estudo, foi possível identificar as condições locais de produção e os principais problemas enfrentados ao longo do processo, tendo sido possível à elaboração de sugestões de melhoria ao processo analisado. Além disso, espera-se que se possa contribuir também para a disseminação de ações de racionalização do processo de produção dos revestimentos de argamassa de fachada de edifícios; e, por conseqüência, contribuir para diminuir os problemas patológicos e os custos de produção das empresas construtoras. / The façade mortar covering is used in practically all residential buildings; thus, its importance is characterized by its intense use and also for playing important esthetic functions in building protection. Besides the fact, that it represents an important parcel of the direct cost of construction and façade\'s maintenance. The present work searches to characterize, analyze and consider improvements in the process of production of mortar covering, particularly related to each stage of the project, execution and control by surveys carried through four construction sites of important construction companies in the city of Santos. The methodology used consisted of bibliographical revision, and posterior application of the concepts researched in the case studies. Based on this study, it was possible to identify local conditions of production and the main problems faced throughout the process, having been possible to elaborate suggestions of improvement to the analyzed process. Moreover, it is expected that it can also contribute to the dissemination of façade\'s production management. Consequently, contributing to diminish the pathological problems and lowering the cost of production for contractors.

The present thesis shows the manner of distributing workers on shifts with regular work load but uneven work schedules. It is generally known as the covering or set-covering problem. The present paper describes a way to solve it with mathematical modelling and programs for possible planning of workers on shifts. The issue is documented on a case of an existing company.

At the basic there is a connection between operation research and automotive logistics. The supply chain in this type of industry is hard to coordinate and flexibility is considered as a main key indicator. Companies increase their competitiveness through the optimization of supply chain and try to take control of every flow or a process. This idea goes throughout the departments. The main concept, which is about a connection of whole supply chain with information flow means, that there isn't need of stock and every input is highly available on time and in requested quantity and quality. This thesis describes inbound logistics and introduces some of the methods used for planning vehicle routes. In our situation which is based on car maker data set was chosen a group of a suppliers for the analysis. We used vehicle routing problem with some modifications, heuristics based on the covering problem. Founded solution was compared with the present state.

This document includes methods of testing and measuring of the protective layers used in solar panels with crystallic solar cells. The main emphasis here is placed on the degradation of these materials due to exposure to strong electric field. Main point of diploma thesis is evovle an experimental workplace for electric aging of dielectric materials and monitor changes of material properties. Final knowledges are then analysed with the climate degradation tests. Tested samples were prepared in cooperation with Solartec s.r.o.

<div> <div> <div> <p>Various fault models such as stuck-at, transition, bridging have been developed to better model possible defects in manufactured chips. However, over the years as device sizes have shrunk, the probability of systematic defects occurring in chips has increased. To predict the sites of occurrence of such defects, Design-for-Manufacturability (DFM) guidelines have been established, the violations of which are modelled into DFM faults. Nonetheless, some faults corresponding to DFM as well as other fault models are undetectable, i.e., tests cannot be generated to detect their presence. It has been seen that undetectable faults usually tend to cluster together, leaving large areas in a circuit uncovered. As a result, defects occurring there, even if detectable, go undetected because there are no tests covering those areas. Hence, this becomes an important issue to address, and to resolve it, we utilize gate- exhaustive faults to cover these areas. Gate-exhaustive faults provide exhaustive coverage to gates. They can detect any defect which is not modelled by any other fault model. However, the total number of gate-exhaustive faults in a circuit can be quite large and may require many test patterns for detection. Therefore, we use procedures to select only those faults which can provide additional coverage to the sites of undetectable faults. We de ne parameters that determine whether a gate associated with one or more undetectable faults is covered or not, depending on the number of detectable and useful gate-exhaustive faults present around the gate. Bridging faults are also added for extra coverage. These procedures applied to benchmark circuits are used for obtaining the experimental results. The results show that the sizes of clusters of undetectable faults are reduced, upon the addition of gate-exhaustive faults to the fault set, both in the case of single-cycle and two-cycle faults. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Effective software performance testing is essential to the development and delivery of quality software products. Many software testing investigations have reported software performance testing improvements, but few have quantitatively validated measurable software testing performance improvements across an aggregate of studies. This study addressed that gap by conducting a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between applying Design of Experiments (DOE) techniques in the software testing process and the reported software performance testing improvements. Software performance testing theories and DOE techniques composed the theoretical framework for this study. Software testing studies (n = 96) were analyzed, where half had DOE techniques applied and the other half did not. Five research hypotheses were tested, where findings were measured in (a) the number of detected defects, (b) the rate of defect detection, (c) the phase in which the defect was detected, (d) the total number of hours it took to complete the testing, and (e) an overall hypothesis which included all measurements for all findings. The data were analyzed by first computing standard difference in means effect sizes, then through the Z test, the Q test, and the t test in statistical comparisons. Results of the meta-analysis showed that applying DOE techniques in the software testing process improved software performance testing (p < 05). These results have social implications for the software testing industry and software testing professionals, providing another empirically-validated testing methodology. Software organizations can use this methodology to differentiate their software testing process, to create more quality products, and to benefit the consumer and society in general.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / While optimization techniques have been studied since 300 B.C. when Euclid first considered the minimal distance between a point and a line, it wasn’t until 1966 that location optimization was first applied to a problem in healthcare. Location optimization techniques are capable of increasing efficiency and equity in the placement of many types of services, including those within the healthcare industry, thus enhancing quality of life. Medical imaging is a healthcare service which helps to determine medical diagnoses in acute and preventive care settings. It provides physicians with information guiding treatment and returning a patient back to optimal health. In this study, a retrospective analysis of the locations of current medical imaging centers in central Indiana is performed, and alternate placement as determined using optimization techniques is considered and compared. This study focuses on reducing the drive time experienced by the population within the study area to their nearest imaging facility. Location optimization models such as the P-Median model, the Maximum Covering model, and Clustering and Partitioning are often used in the field of operations research to solve location problems, but are lesser known within the discipline of Geographic Information Science. This study was intended to demonstrate the capabilities of these powerful algorithms and to increase understanding of how they may be applied to problems within healthcare. While the P-Median model is effective at reducing the overall drive time for a given network set, individuals within the network may experience lengthy drive times. The results further indicate that while the Maximum Covering model is more equitable than the P-Median model, it produces large sets of assigned individuals overwhelming the capacity of one imaging center. Finally, the Clustering and Partitioning method is effective at limiting the number of individuals assigned to a given imaging center, but it does not provide information regarding average drive time for those individuals. In the end, it is determined that a capacitated Maximal Covering model would be the preferred method for solving this particular location problem.

In practice, graphs often occur as perturbed product structures, so-called approximate graph products. The practical application of the well-known prime factorization algorithms is therefore limited, since most graphs are prime, although they can have a product-like structure. This work is concerned with the strong graph product. Since strong product graphs G contain subgraphs that are itself products of subgraphs of the underlying factors of G, we follow the idea to develop local approaches that cover a graph by factorizable patches and then use this information to derive the global factors. First, we investigate the local structure of strong product graphs and introduce the backbone B(G) of a graph G and the so-called S1-condition. Both concepts play a central role for determining the prime factors of a strong product graph in a unique way. Then, we discuss several graph classes, in detail, NICE, CHIC and locally unrefined graphs. For each class we construct local, quasi-linear time prime factorization algorithms. Combining these results, we then derive a new local prime factorization algorithm for all graphs. Finally, we discuss approximate graph products. We use the new local factorization algorithm to derive a method for the recognition of approximate graph products. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of this algorithm on a sample of approximate graph products.