Submitted by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2018-01-09T12:03:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Erick Assumpçao.pdf: 968013 bytes, checksum: 97795426af46c22923c32c432210d0ee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2018-01-09T12:03:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Erick Assumpçao.pdf: 968013 bytes, checksum: 97795426af46c22923c32c432210d0ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-09T12:03:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Erick Assumpçao.pdf: 968013 bytes, checksum: 97795426af46c22923c32c432210d0ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro / O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é o encontro entre uma equipe da Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS) chamada Consultório na Rua (CR), cujo o objetivo é facilitar o acesso da população em situação de rua aos outros serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), e aquelas pessoas que podem, ou não, se tornar suas usuárias. Muitos desses encontros ocorrem nas chamadas cenas de uso de crack, popularmente conhecidas como cracolândias. Dessa maneira, também joga-se luz sobre as relações tecidas com essa droga por parte daquelas pessoas que dela fazem uso, da equipe que busca atendê-las e de outras instituições que intervêm nessas cenas. Para tanto, utiliza-se a etnografia como meio para compreender os problemas que emergem desses diferentes encontros, principalmente aqueles em relação ao CR, ao crack e as outras instituições colocados pelas pessoas que habitam essas cenas. Torna-se inteligível o funcionamento do CR, assim como o do crack e dessas outras instituições Propõe-se, por fim, uma certa bioética capaz de enfrentar esse objeto de estudo / The object of this study is the encounter between a team of Primary Health called Consultório na Rua – CR (Office in the Street), whose objective is to facilitate homeless persons access to the other services of the Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS (Unified Health System), and those who may or may not become its users. Many of these encounters occur in the so-called crack use scenes, popularly known as cracolândias. Hence, we highlight also the relationships woven with this drug by those who use them, the team that seeks to meet these users and the other institutions involved in these scenes. Therefore, we use ethnography as a means to comprehend the problems that emerge from these different encounters, specially the ones related to the CR, the crack cocaine and the other institutions posed by the persons who inhabit these scenes. The functioning of CR becomes intelligible, as well as the functioning of crack cocaine and other institutions. Finally, we propose a certain bioethics able to face this subject matter

De nombreuses structures aéronautiques telles que les contacts aube/disque, rivet/tôle, assemblages frettés ou boulonnés subissent des endommagements de fretting fatigue dus à des sollicitations vibratoires. Ces sollicitations, qui combinent des chargements de contact de fretting (micro déplacements alternés) et de fatigue, peuvent induire des phénomènes de fissuration. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’identifier les mécanismes de propagation et d’arrêt de fissuration pour différentes configurations, impliquant des chargements de fretting et de fatigue. Différents aspects seront étudiés : - Les essais de fretting simple, fretting fatigue et fatigue seront corrélés de manière à mesurer certaines propriétés mécaniques de matériaux. Dans cette démarche, une méthode inverse permettant l’identification du seuil d’arrêt de propagation des fissures longues et courtes en fatigue à partir d’essais de fretting simple et fretting fatigue est introduite. - L’effet du rapport de charge est pris en compte afin de quantifier la fermeture de fissure pour les essais de fretting et fretting fatigue. Un nouveau modèle de fermeture sera proposé. - L’effet d’échelle est étudié grâce au développement d’une nouvelle machine de fretting fatigue permettant le suivi in situ des propagations de fissures sur des éprouvettes millimétriques. Le comportement des fissures courtes en fretting pendant un essai de fretting fatigue a été observé pour la première fois. L’idée principale de ce travail est de considérer que lors d’un essai en fretting simple, une condition d’arrêt de propagation est systématiquement atteinte. Les facteurs d’intensités de contraintes seuils en fatigue peuvent ainsi être extraits par une méthode inverse à partir des essais de fretting. La méthodologie adoptée consiste à mesurer la longueur de fissure maximale obtenue lors d’un essai de fretting correspondant à une condition d’arrêt de propagation. En jouant sur les chargements de fretting, les domaine des fissures courtes et longues sont étudiés. Pour chaque condition d’arrêt, le facteur d’intensité de contraintes seuil correspondant est calculé. Enfin, en traçant l’évolution de ce dernier en fonction de la longueur de fissure, une description complète des seuils d’arrêt de fissuration en fatigue peut être obtenue. Cette méthodologie est appliquée sur plusieurs configurations de fretting simple et est étendue aux essais de fretting fatigue. Ainsi une large gamme de rapports de charge peut être étudiée. Des essais conventionnels de fatigue propagation sur éprouvettes C(T) ont été réalisés de manière à valider complètement la démarche d’identification inverse des conditions d’arrêt de fissuration. Le manuscrit est divisé en six chapitres adoptant une évolution linéaire. Le chapitre 1 traite d’une revue bibliographique concernant la propagation des fissures courtes et longues en fatigue dans les matériaux métalliques, introduisant les phénomènes de fermeture. L’analyse est étendue à la propagation des fissures en fretting et fretting fatigue. Le chapitre 2 présente l’ensemble des techniques et méthodes expérimentales utilisées au cours de ce travail. Une analyse numérique et la méthode inverse d’identification des conditions d’arrêt de propagation sont introduites dans le chapitre 3. Les chapitres suivants traitent les différents résultats obtenus. Le chapitre 4 présente les essais de fretting simples menés sur différents matériaux métalliques. Une corrélation entre les conditions d’arrêt de fretting simple avec celles de fissures longues en fatigue est obtenue pour rapports de charge négatifs. Cette analyse est étendue aux rapports de charge positifs au chapitre 5 en couplant les essais de fretting simple, fretting précontraints et essais de fatigue C(T). Enfin, les effets d’échelle et la cinétique de propagation des fissures de fretting fatigue sont étudiés au chapitre 6. / Aircraft structures such as blade/disk, rivet/sheet and fretted or bolted assembly contacts are subjected to fatigue fretting damage caused by vibratory loads. These loads combining fretting (alternating micro displacements) and fatigue contact loading can induce cracks. The objective of this thesis is to identify the propagation and crack arrest mechanisms for different configurations involving fretting and fatigue loads. Various aspects will be studied : - Simple fretting, fatigue fretting and fatigue tests will be correlated in a way to measure some material mechanical properties. A reverse approach allowing to identify the long and short fatigue crack propagation thresholds from simple fretting and fretting fatigue will be introduced. - A new closure model taking into account the effect of loading ratio on crack closure in fretting and fretting fatigue tests will be proposed. - The scaling effect will be studied thanks to the development of a new fretting fatigue machine allowing for in-situ monitoring of the propagation of small scale cracks. The behavior of fretting short cracks has been observed for the first time in a fretting fatigue test. The main idea behind the current work is the consideration that for a simple fretting test, the crack will always lead to a crack propagation arrest condition. Threshold stress intensity factors can thus be extracted from fretting tests using a reverse method. The methodology used consists in measuring the longest fretting crack corresponding to a crack propagation arrest condition. Short and long crack regimes are studied by varying fretting loads and geometries. The corresponding threshold stress intensity factor is calculated for each arrest condition. A complete description of fatigue crack arrest thresholds can be obtained from a plot depicting the evolution of the stress intensity factor range as a function of crack length. This methodology has been applied on multiple simple fretting configurations and was extended to fretting fatigue tests allowing to study a large range of loading ratios. Conventional fatigue crack propagation tests were carried out on C(T) specimens in order to validate the reverse method used for crack arrest conditions. The present thesis is divided into six main chapters. Chapter 1 provides a complete literature review on short and long crack propagation in metallic materials introducing crack closure. It provides a treatment for both fretting and fretting fatigue including a comparative analysis. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the different techniques and methodologies used as part of this research project. The reverse method used for the identification of crack propagation arrest conditions as well as a numerical analysis are presented in Chapter 3. The following Chapters provide a treatment of the various results obtained. Chapter 4 focuses on simple fretting tests carried out on different metallic materials. A correlation between simple fretting and long fatigue crack arrest conditions was obtained for negative loading ratios. This analysis is extended to positive loading ratios in Chapter 5 combining simple fretting, prestressed fretting and C(T) fatigue tests. Finally, scaling effects and fretting fatigue crack propagation kinetics are studied in Chapter 6.

No description available.

O modo psicossocial prioriza o cuidado dos usuários em seus contextos de vida, considerando sua família e o território onde estão inseridos. Nesse sentido, é essencial aos serviços de saúde mental a ideia de que o cuidado seja produzido para além das fronteiras do serviço e que inclua, nos processos de trabalho a articulação com outros recursos e outras redes. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as redes de apoio social de familiares de usuários de crack. É um estudo qualitativo, do tipo estudo de caso, realizado com três familiares de usuários de crack do CAPS AD de Viamão/RS. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista, conforme roteiro previamente estabelecido. Para a análise de dados utilizou-se aspectos da classificação de apoio social proposta por Due et al (1999), que são: apoio emocional, apoio material, apoio de informação e interação social positiva. Constatou-se que as familiares buscam as primeiras respostas ou possíveis soluções com suas redes informais, formadas por pessoas mais próximas de seu círculo de relações, como parentes, vizinhos, amigos e colegas de trabalho. Cada um deles atua na conformação dessas redes de apoio de maneiras distintas, mas complementares, podendo constituir-se em uma importante estratégia para minimizar os encargos físicos e emocionais do familiar cuidador. Os familiares conseguem se sentir amparados e fortalecidos para exercer seu papel diante de uma problemática tão complexa como a do uso do crack. Além das redes informais, há também o papel das redes formais nessa costura das redes de apoio de familiares. Destacaram-se, por exemplo, a importância da participação dos trabalhadores de determinados serviços de saúde como o CAPS AD e Pronto Atendimento Psiquiátrico, e, equipamentos sociais, como instituições religiosas, Conselho Tutelar, escola e Narcóticos Anônimos. Frente aos resultados obtidos e diante de tantos reflexos no cotidiano de vida das famílias, destaca-se a importância de se explorar essas redes pelo trabalhador dos serviços de saúde mental, pois, ao compreender o modo de vida e a relação que essas famílias estabelecem com suas redes de apoio, é possível ajudá-la no fortalecimento e manutenção destas redes, potencializando o cuidado para fora dos serviços de saúde. / The psychosocial way prioritizes the users care in their life contexts, considering his family and the territory where they live. Therefore, it is essential to mental health services the idea that care is produced beyond the boundaries of the service and to incorporate in the work process coordination with other resources and other networks. The aim of this study is to identify the social support networks of familiars of crack users. It is a qualitative study, the case study type, conducted with three familiarsof crack users from CAPS AD Viamão/RS. It was based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Due et al. (1996). Data collection occurred through interviews, as previously established screenplay. Data were analyzed from the four dimensions of social support, as the benchmark: emotional support, material support, information support and positive social interaction. It was found that the familiars seek first answers or possible solutions with informal networks, formed by his closest circle of relationships, such as relatives, neighbors, friends and co-workers people. Each of them acts in conformation of these support networks in different ways, but complementary, and could be used in an important strategy to minimize physical and emotional burden of caregivers. Familiars can feel supported and empowered to exercise their role in such a complex issue as the use of crack. Apart from informal networks, there is also the role of formal networks that seam of support networks of family. It highlights, for example, the importance of employee participation in certain health services such as CAPS AD and Emergency Psychiatric, and, socials equipment, such as religious institutions, Guardian Council, school and Narcotics Anonymous. Given our results and considering many reflections in the daily lives of families, highlights the importance of exploring these networks by the mental health services worker, therefore, to understand the way of life and the relationship that these families have with their support networks can help you in building and maintaining these networks, enhancing the care out of health services. / Los aspectos psicosociales de la atención prioriza a los usuarios en sus contextos de vida, teniendo en cuenta a su familia y el territorio en el que viven. Por lo tanto, es esencial que los servicios de salud mental de la idea de que la atención se produce más allá de los límites del servicio e incorporar en la coordinación del proceso de trabajo con otros recursos y otras redes. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las redes de apoyo social de familiares de consumidores de crack. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, el estudio de caso realizado con tres miembros de la familia de la grieta CAPS AD Viamão/RS. Fue sobre la base de los supuestos teóricos y metodológicos de Due et al. (1996). Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas, según lo establecido anteriormente rutina. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de las cuatro dimensiones del apoyo social, como punto de referencia: apoyo emocional, apoyo material, apoyo a la información y la interacción social positiva. Se encontró que la primera familia busca respuestas o posibles soluciones con redes informales, formados por su círculo más cercano de relaciones, tales como parientes, vecinos, amigos y compañeros de trabajo de personas. Cada uno de ellos trabaja en la conformación de estas redes de apoyo de diferentes maneras, pero complementarios, y se podría utilizar en una estrategia importante para reducir al mínimo la carga física y emocional de los cuidadores. Los familiares pueden sentirse apoyados y capacitados para ejercer su función en un tema tan complejo como el consumo de crack. Además de las redes informales, también es el papel de las redes formales que la costura de las redes de apoyo de la familia. Los aspectos más destacados, por ejemplo, la importancia de la participación de los empleados en ciertos servicios de salud, tales como CAPS AD y Psiquiatría de Emergencia, social y inalámbrico de equipos de red, tales como instituciones religiosas, el Consejo de Guardianes, la escuela y Narcóticos Anónimos. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados y teniendo en cuenta los muchos reflejos en la vida cotidiana de las familias, pone de relieve la importancia de la exploración de estas redes por el trabajador de los servicios de salud mental, por lo tanto, para entender la forma de vida y la relación que estas familias tienen con su redes de apoyo que pueden ayudar en la construcción y el mantenimiento de estas redes, la mejora de la atención de los servicios de salud.

Cracks form in all materials. This project was about investigating the crackpropagation in 3D-printed PLA. Both simulations and experiments has beenperformed to get the results. The simulations used a already written code to solvethe problem with FEM. It turned out to be much harder then anticipated to getthe simulations to run as they should. Both simulations and experiments wheresupposed to be executed with 3 point bending, but because of convergence problemsin the simulations, simplifications where made. When comparing the simulationsand experiments, no trustworthy conclusions could be made. There are a lot ofsources of error in this project. But with a bit more time and experience with theused software, it should be able to get some good results which one could use tosimulate other material cracking.

No description available.

The objective of this work is to provide various improvements to the modeling and uncertainty quantification of fatigue lives of materials as understood via simulation of crystal plasticity models applied to synthetically reconstructed microstructures. A computational framework has been developed to automate standardized analysis of crystal plasticity models in the high cycle fatigue regime. This framework incorporates synthetic microstructure generation, simulation preparation, execution and post-processing to analysis statistical distributions related to fatigue properties. Additionally, an improved crack nucleation and propagation approach has been applied to Al 7075-T6 to improve predictive capabilities of the crystal plasticity model for fatigue in various loading regimes. Finally, sensitivities of fatigue response to simulation and synthetic microstructure properties have been explored to provide future guidance for the study of fatigue quantification based on crystal plasticity models.

No description available.

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) uses precast, prestressed concrete panels (PCPs) as stay-in-place formwork for most bridges built in Texas. The PCPs are placed on the top flanges of adjacent girders and topped with a 4-in. cast-in-place (CIP) slab. This thesis is directed towards identifying and quantifying the serviceability implications of reducing the deck reinforcement across the interior spans of CIP-PCP decks. The goal of this research is to understand how the PCPs influence cracking and crack control in the CIP slab and to make recommendations to optimize the top mat reinforcement accordingly. Several tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of different top mat reinforcement arrangements for ability to control crack widths across PCP joints. The longitudinal reinforcement was tested using a constant bending moment test, a point load test, and several direct tension tests. Because of difficulty with the CIP-PCP interface during the longitudinal tests, direct tension tests of the CIP slab only were used to compare the transverse reinforcement alternatives. Prior to testing, various top mat design alternatives were evaluated through pre-test calculations for crack widths. Standard reinforcing bars and welded wire reinforcement were considered for the design alternatives. During this study, it was found that the tensile strength of the CIP slab is critical to controlling transverse crack widths. The CIP-PCP interface is difficult to simulate in the laboratory because of inherent eccentricities that result from the test specimen geometry and loading conditions. Furthermore, the constraint and boundary conditions of CIP-PCP bridge decks are difficult to simulate in the laboratory. Based on the results of this testing program, it seems imprudent to reduce the longitudinal reinforcement across the interior spans of CIP-PCP decks. The transverse reinforcement, however, may be reduced using welded wire reinforcement across the interior spans of CIP-PCP decks without compromising longitudinal crack width control. A reduced standard reinforcing bar option may also be considered, but a slight increase in longitudinal crack widths should be expected. / text

Failures of high mast illumination poles (HMIP) around the US have raised the concerns of officials because of their location close to areas with important human activity. Previous research, conducted at the University of Texas proved that those failures were fatigue type failures and that cracking initiated at the shaft to baseplate connection, specifically at the bends of the shaft. However, no research has been conducted on the remaining fatigue life of poles after they have been in service. This thesis investigates the remaining fatigue life of a pole, removed from service after severe cracking has been observed on it, via laboratory testing. Moreover, nondestructive and destructive testing procedures were implemented to investigate the initiation and evolution of fatigue cracks. The results validated the procedures for the in-situ validation of the remaining fatigue life of those poles. Last, the destructive test results enhanced the arguments that initial cracking at the toe of the weld at the shaft to baseplate connection is a result of the galvanizing process. / text