The change in property management during a crisis - Covid19. Crisis management and commercial property management are two phenomena that are well documented in each field, but there is a lack of research regarding what crisis management looks like in the real estate industry. This essay intends to combine these and describe how the management of commercial properties handles crises and how they need to change their management work. The purpose of this thesis is thus to describe how the property management of commercial properties has changed during a crisis with Covid-19 as a starting point. The study intends to account for the basics of how commercial property management has been affected and what measures the property managers have had to take. Based on the problems underlying the study, a qualitative research method was applied. During the collection of data, a number of interviews were conducted with respondents who worked with management of commercial properties. A total of seven interviews were conducted which were transcribed, coded and interpreted. The essay also contains a method chapter where we describe in detail how the study was conducted and how we took into account the respondents participating in the study. After the method chapter, we have a chapter where we set the conditions that are specific to the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of the survey show that managers who work in commercial management have needed to take measures to ensure the safety of both themselves, employees and their tenants. How prepared they have been for a similar crisis has varied and so have the measures implemented. The results also show how customer contact has changed and how the finances have been affected by the measures they have had to implement. After the results were presented, an analysis was performed where the results are linked to previous literature. Then a conclusion is presented where we summarize the main points of the results and it also describes the study's contribution to the field of research. Finally, opportunities for future research are presented. / Krishantering och kommersiell fastighetsförvaltning är två fenomen som på varsitt håll är väldokumenterade men det finns brist på forskning gällande hur krishanteringen ser ut inom fastighetsbranschen. Denna uppsats avser därmed att kombinera dessa och beskriva hur förvaltningen av kommersiella fastigheter hanterar kriser och hur de behöver ändra sitt förvaltningsarbete. Syftet med detta examensarbete är därmed att beskriva hur fastighetsförvaltningen av kommersiella fastigheter har ändrats under en kris med Covid-19 som utgångspunkt. Studien avser att redogöra grunderna för på vilka sätt kommersiell fastighetsförvaltning påverkats och vilka åtgärder som fastighetsförvaltarna har blivit tvungna att vidta. Utifrån den problematik somligger till grund för studien tillämpades en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Vid insamlingen av data genomfördes flera intervjuer med respondenter som arbetarinom förvaltningsområdet med kommersiella fastigheter. Totalt genomfördes sju intervjuer som transkriberades, kodades och tolkades.  Uppsatsen innehåller också ett metodkapitel där vi ingående beskriver hur studien har genomförts och hur vi tagit hänsyn till medverkande respondenter i studien. Efter metodkapitlet finns ett kapitel där vi presenterar förutsättningarna som är specifika för Covid-19 pandemin. Undersökningens resultat visar att förvaltare som jobbar inom kommersiell förvaltning har behövt vidta åtgärder för att säkerställa säkerheten för både sig själva, medarbetare och för sina hyresgäster. Hur förberedd de varit inför en liknande kris har varierat och det har även åtgärderna gjort. Resultatet visar även hur kundkontakten ändrats och hur ekonomin i företagen påverkas av åtgärderna de varit tvungna att ta. Efter att resultatet presenterats genomfördes en analys där resultatet sammankopplas med tidigare litteratur. Därefter presenteras en slutsats där vi sammanfattar resultatets huvudpunkter och det redogörs även för studiens bidrag till forskningen. Sist presenteras möjligheter till framtida forskning.

Syftet med denna studie är undersöka projektledarens upplevelse kring krishantering genom att undersöka den aktuella situationen med Covid-19 samt vilka nya utmaningar dem stöter på grund av pandemin. För att ta reda på detta utfördes en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens urvalsprocess var målinriktat till projektledare från byggbranschen. Datamaterialet från intervjuerna analyserades genom en tematisk analys och resulterade i fem teman. Resultatet i studien visar på ett krishanteringsplan är ett viktigt verktyg när en kris väl inträffar samt att projektledare med större erfarenhet har lättare att hantera sina arbetsuppgifter under en kris jämfört med nya projektledare. Resultatet visar också att projektledarna har stött på flera utmaningar under en kris såsom kommunikation och social närvaro. En kommunikationsplan bör finnas ifall en kris inträffar för att underlätta för projektledare delegering av arbetsuppgifter samt effektivisering. Distansarbetet på grund av Covid-19 ledde till också att den personliga kontakten mellan projektledaren och medarbetaren minskade vilket skapade en utmaning till projektledare att hålla koll på sina medarbetares mående. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the project manager's experience of crisis management by examining the current situation with Covid-19 and what new challenges they face due to the pandemic. To find out, a qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews. The study's selection process was targeted at project managers from the construction industry. The data material from the interviews was analyzed through a thematic analysis and resulted in five themes. The results of the study show that a crisis management plan is an important tool when a crisis occurs and that project managers with greater experience have an easier time managing their work tasks during a crisis compared with new project managers. The results also show that project managers have encountered several challenges during a crisis such as communication and social presence. A communication plan should be in place in the event of a crisis to make it easier for project managers to delegate tasks and streamline operations. The telework due to Covid-19 also led to a reduction in the personal contact between the project manager and the employee, which created a challenge for project managers to keep track of their employees' well-being.

The growing number of global crises has increased the complexity of decisionmaking, as decisions are made under uncertainty in crises, especially whencrises involve different cultures where people’s values, beliefs, and traditionsare threatened. In crisis situations, people move from one place to another,mixing cultures in the environment where they arrive. Besides, those affectedby crises usually receive help from non-profit organizations, as well as frominternational organizations. In this regard, the research aims to explore howlocal culture affects decision-making of leaders and decision makers inmanaging crises. The research relates to how leaders and decision makersregulate their decisions during crises with respect to local cultural values andcontext. To understand this phenomenon, the authors chose a qualitativemethod and conducted a series of in-depth interviews with leaders and decisionmakers of non-profit organizations to gather empirical data on how decisionsare made in these organizations during crises in different cultural settings. Theresults of the research show that local culture has an undeniable impact on thedecision-making process in crisis situations. The research found that decisionmakers must consider the local culture in every step of crisis response andensure that their decisions are applicable within it. Participants argued that itis necessary for them to incorporate local cultural codes into their decisions inorder to achieve their objectives

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the sppecific meaning of non- alignment policies of Sweden and Finland after joining the EU in 1995. In doing so, the research design is based on sociological institutionalism and its key concepts and phases that are connected to the study of Europeanization. Thereby, the study compares the domestic policies of national identity and its changes in Sweden and Finland before and after the accession to the EU. This shall answer the reserach question on how far the foreign policies of Sweden and Finland have been Europeanized and whether or not non- alignment policies are an obstacle in this process. Since social constructivism considers Europeanization as a socialization process, the paper will also investigate the main challenges for Sweden and Finalnd to face with reagrd to crisis managment, territorial defence issue and Crimea Crisis.

With the outbreak of COVID-19, the number of physical conferences has decreased which impacts hotels’ revenue from conference business. In response to the decrease in conferences and conference revenue, hotels have developed strategies to manage the loss. For each hotel, they developed different strategies according to the situation they faced. This research is going to take hotels in Gotland as samples to find out the strategies that hotels have developed in response to the loss of conference business and how these strategies developed. The result of this research showed that there were two kinds of strategies hotels have developed which are proactive and inactive strategies. In addition, hotels’ perception of COVID-19 has an impact on the development of strategies.

Background: The economic crisis derived from the COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the global economy and Swedish small and medium-sized enterprises are challenged to adapt their practices to the new consumer buying behaviour. As a response to economic crises, where consumer buying behaviour changes, companies are forced to innovate their marketing methods.  Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how Swedish SMEs manage the economic crisis derived from the COVID-19 pandemic through the relatively unexplored relationship between crisis management and marketing innovation.  Method: This research is an exploratory qualitative study focusing on Swedish small and medium-sized enterprises where semi-structured interviews were held with seven participants who were marketing responsible. A thematic analysis was applied to analyse the empirical data.  Conclusion: The empirical findings and the analysis suggest three main areas when answering the research question. 1) Marketing innovation improved the crisis management practice among the interviewed enterprises. 2) Marketing innovation is a common crisis management tool among the respondents of this study, and one reason why is because of the high capacity to innovate of the interviewees. 3) A new type of crisis management is arising because of the technological advancements and business climate.

Abstract  Background: Crisis management has become a highly relevant topic by virtue of the COVID- 19 pandemic. As a result, organizations have been forced to implement preventive actions to mitigate its impact. One of these implementations has been the enforced advancements for companies to readjust their businesses remotely. With remote working being a rather seldomly used practice for most organizations, managers are encouraged to enact and adopt quickly for their business to continue.  Purpose: This thesis aims to explore how managers of Swedish manufacturing firms handle organizational crises in a remote-working environment.  Method: This research follows a qualitative research method with an abductive approach. The findings are retrieved from conducted semi-structured interviews with eight managers in two different companies, which is then connected to relevant literature.  Conclusion: Findings show of great importance for managers to focus on communication with their employees. Implications of the crisis are ambiguous. Manufacturing firms in Sweden have experienced increased productivity at the expense of their employee’s well-being. Given that the future point towards increased usage of remote working, it is crucial for managers to focal their business on combining the benefits with the drawbacks and thereby successfully adjust to a digital working environment.

The ongoing Covid- 19 pandemic has globally affected aspects such as health, economy and welfare all around the world. The demand for effective communication is to a very high degree a priority from the leading actors in society, such as the media, government and authorities, in order to respond to the spread of infection. The purpose of this bachelor’s essay is therefore, to study how countries like Sweden and Denmark communicate the crisis of Covid- 19, based on Arjen Boins theoretical framework of meaning-making. The frame functions consist of the following: explaining what happened, offering guidance, instilling hope, showing empathy and state responsibility. Meaning making is an important function in crisis communication to reduce political and public uncertainty through crisis communication by the political leaders in crisis management. The political leaders seeks to convince the general public by formulating a convincing message.  The design of this essay is comparative, where the methods consist of a qualitative approach through the use of text analysis. Prime ministers and state epidemiologists will be analyzed on the basis of their participation in press releases. The time period was selected between march-may 2020. The reason for the selected time period is based on the first wave of the virus.  The conclusion of this essay was that there were many similarities and differences in the countries application of meaning making. The noticeable similarities was that both countries have similar characteristics in their communication by helping the nations make sense of the crisis situation. Both countries provide the nation with guidelines which includes, social distancing, good hand hygiene and participation restrictions. However, it differs in how they communicate it. Sweden communicates the providing of guidelines through the assessment of the public health authority, which relies on the responsibility of the individual. Denmark, on the other hand, communicates the guidelines by the Prime Minister deciding on mandatory restrictions, through a total shutdown on society. Furthermore, communication differs on state responsibility, where Sweden used a different strategy which was intended to slow down the spread of infection by not shutting down society. Denmark communicated state responsibility by saying that strict measures are necessary in such types of situations, which allowed for the restriction of civil liberties and rights. The use of empathy and instilling hope were less salient, but both countries did use the strategy by informing that they will beat the spread of the virus together.

This dissertation explores crisis management policies, programs, and training in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s premier airliners, Saudi Arabian Airlines. Saudi Arabian Airlines is a domestic and international carrier with a major role in the transportation of millions of Muslim pilgrims to the Kingdom during the annual Hajj season. This event places enormous strains on the capacity of the carrier, the airport, ground support systems, and the societal infrastructure of country. There have been tireless efforts by the Airline’s staffers to serve millions of visitors including pilgrims in a timely, safe and appropriate manner. Crisis management for Saudi Arabian Airlines includes assessment of natural and man-made risks in the firm’s operational environment, the development of a comprehensive response plan that includes training of staff at all levels of the firm, compliance with all relevant legal and regulatory mandates, and the use of effective response tools and systems. Saudi Arabian Airlines is viewed herein as best approached through the theoretical lens of Systems Theory, which speaks to the interdependency that exists within complex, multi-faceted systems. To identify the approach taken by Saudi Arabian Airlines to crisis management and to assess whether or not its response could be enhanced through additional planning, training or other strategies, a case study including review of relevant literature augmented by a survey of a sample of industry employees was undertaken. The survey instrument, coupled with an analysis of relevant crisis management protocols and practices including those recommended by organizations such as the International Air Transport Association was sued. The study identifies a need for additional training of the Airlines’ employees for a more effective crisis response

This thesis aims to examine the media company Nent Group's crisis commication and identify which crisis communication strategies have been used in order to repair the organization's damaged image, and to analyze whether the strategies have changed over time. The thesis's purpose will be achieved by answering the three following research questions: What crisis communication strategies can be distinguished in Nent Group's crisis communication? How has Nent Group's crisis communication changed since the start of the crisis in the spring of 2021? What reponsibility does Nent Group have for the crisis that has occurred? The theoretical framework of the dissertation consists of two theories of crisis communication, Situational Crisis Communication Theory by Timothy L. Coombs and Image Repait Theory by William L. Benoit. The theories form a base for further analysis of Nent Group's crisis communication, where thematic textanalysis is applied to code and thematize various documents containing crisis communication by Nent Group. The documents consist of pressreleases, statements in the media, inerviews, and comments from Nent Group on the social media-platform Instagram.  The results of the study show that Nent Groupäs most used crisis communication strategy is "to correct action", which means that the organization takes various measures to deal with the crisis at hand. The results also show that the crisis communication has changed during the crisis, in the beginning it is mainly the strategy "to correct action" together with "avoidance of responsibility" where other actors' responsibility for the crisis is pointed out by Nent Group. Towards the end of the crisis, strategies are used to remind stakeholders of Paradise Hotel's popular program cincept. Finally, the results show that Nent Group can be ascribed a moderate crisis responsinility because they did not cause the crisis.