The subject of this dissertation thesis is a confrontation of contemporary economic thought with critical theory. Based on the holistic critique of the production process, the author deals with elementary principles of wealth creation and allocation, mirroring themselves in the issue of economic inequality. An applied transdisciplinary approach leads to dialectical understanding of market mechanism which accentuates an antagonistic character of its actors´ aims and reveals its non-empirical causalities. These abstract connections then become a viable explanatory complement to already advanced empirical apparatus of economic inequality. The goal of the thesis is to formulate an economic model that takes into consideration both empirical findings of contemporary studies on economic inequality and reflection of the critical theory. The value added lies in the fact that the economic model presents an interaction of economic agents and through probabilistic drive towards deepening economic inequalities exposes market mechanism as the diverging factor of social reproduction. Further, the model shows that Pareto-optimization, a frequently used analytically-normative tool of contemporary economics, principally does not suffice in grasping market-based inequalities. The contribution of the thesis is researching particular economic phenomena from the unique perspective which has not been yet fully accomplished in the context of modern economics.

South African International Relations (IR) is a prominent source of China-Africa research and analysis, producing reports, journal articles and books that seek to illuminate the emerging relationship between China and Africa. It plays an important role in the framing of the relationship, as well as how it is perceived outside of the discipline. However, critical concerns have been raised about the context within which South African IR operates. It is therefore important that IR research, including its assumptions, dominant concepts, professed values and aspirations to studying the China-Africa relationship, be critically examined. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to critical thinking in South African IR by opening up for future discussion the new directions and possibilities for China-Africa IR. Utilising a critique located in Critical International Relations Theory (CIRT), this thesis critically reflects upon both the context of South African IR’s China-Africa research and the perspectives it has produced. The thesis argues that in spite of many descriptive and empirical studies, China- Africa research is theoretically underdeveloped in South African IR. Further, it argues that theoretical work is marginalised despite the fact that both historical and contemporary research relies on concepts drawn from IR theory. South African IR’s focus on policy relevance is advanced as a reason for the prevalence of theoretical underdevelopment. This thesis concludes by reviewing arguments for the improved use of IR theory in China-Africa IR, which will lead to a better understanding of this important relationship.

Transformation of post-apartheid higher education institutions has shown itself to be deeply complex and contentious. Exploring transformation at a former whites-only Afrikaans university, this study leans on Michel Foucault’s archaeological methodology and uses a qualitative case study approach. In accordance with this methodological approach the study excavates, de-layers and probes at an inter-departmental conflict which ensued over how racial identity is being re-imagined within the curriculum. The study further seeks to explore what this conflict says about institutional ideologies and commitments to change. Ostensibly, the conflict was over the contents of a module, the Ubuntu Module, presented at both the Faculty of Education and the Faculty of Humanities. Contested views on the nature of knowledge presented in the module, which deals overtly and explicitly with racial and cultural identity, emerged between the two faculties. The Faculty of Education removed the module from its curriculum, asserting that its’ contents were antithetical to the faculty’s ideological tenets with regards to curriculum transformation. Amid attempts by the Faculty of Education to have the module removed from the university’s curriculum, the Faculty of Humanities took the decision to continue offering the module. What this study suggests is that the debate went beyond a mere inter-faculty contention over curriculum contents, and can offer a lens into broader institutional transformation ideologies, and commitments to the decommissioning of apartheid identities. The study was explored and analysed through the lens of critical theory, and in so doing it offers a critical look at the intellectual and ideological foundations of the university, and how the university navigates transformation in post-apartheid South Africa. The literature review uses eclectic literatures to historicise and contextualise the study. It underscores how the focus of literature on curriculum transformation on post-apartheid higher educational institutions has essentially skimmed over the links between the inherent dynamics of knowledge and power as is reflected in curriculum contents. As the findings of the study point to, pressures exerted on the university from both government, and grassroots level at the university, that being students and staff, are having an unequivocal impact on how the university thinks about and implements transformation. The findings of the study suggest that although rhetorically committed to transformation, the university is struggling to emerge from its own politically instrumentalist past. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

Les questions associées à la sexualité en contexte de handicap intellectuel ont historiquement été au cœur de stratégies biopolitiques alliant santé collective et contrôle populationnel. S’étant distanciées de l’époque institutionnelle et des pratiques eugéniques la caractérisant, les interventions ciblant ce domaine se sont graduellement reconfigurées sous l’angle de la participation sociale, du partenariat de soin et d’approches normalisantes. Plus que jamais, cette dimension se situe à l’intersection de valeurs personnelles et collectives, la vie affective et sexuelle étant aux racines de l’identité individuelle et mobilisant également ses représentations idéalisées par l’imaginaire collectif. Toutefois, bien que le rôle infirmier en santé sexuelle et en planification familiale soit reconnu, plusieurs recherches illustrent qu’il reste confiné à sa dimension biomédicale et qu’il répond avec grande difficulté aux besoins spécifiques des personnes identifiées comme ayant un handicap intellectuel en cette matière. Alliant un cadre théorique inspiré des écrits de Michel Foucault et de Julia Kristeva à une approche méthodologique issue de l’Analyse Phénoménologique Interprétative, cette recherche explore le processus de construction de l’identité socioaffective en contexte de handicap intellectuel. Par cet intermédiaire, elle propose une meilleure compréhension du parcours de vie des personnes ayant un handicap intellectuel à l’égard de l’expression affective et sexuelle, ainsi que celui de leurs systèmes de soutien. La collecte des données s’est déployée sur une période de 6 mois et a recueilli, par le biais d’entrevues semi-dirigées, les récits de 16 participants. De ce groupe, 5 sont des usagers de services de réadaptation spécialisés en handicap intellectuel, 5 sont des proches aidants et 6 sont des intervenants œuvrant dans ces mêmes services.Cette recherche expose que l’expression affective et sexuelle s’inscrit au sein d’un large processus de négociation systémique et identitaire. Systémique, car répondant de systèmes de savoirs propres au handicap intellectuel et à la sexualité, autorisant de ce fait diverses interventions visant à normaliser la personne et à offrir une réponse aux modes de subjectivation de la personne dite « vulnérable » ou « dangereuse ». Identitaire puisque ces pratiques investissent l’ensemble des axes de l’existence affective et sexuelle, allant de l’habitation d’espaces austères à la reconfiguration du « moi » intime. Ces constats sont une mise à l’épreuve des prétentions holistiques de la pratique infirmière, plus spécifiquement de sa capacité à participer à l’émancipation des personnes identifiées comme ayant un handicap intellectuel ainsi qu’à la reconnaissance de leurs besoins et de leur droit à l’expression affective et sexuelle.

Ma thèse, intitulée L’idée de liberté et sa dialectique négative : de l’histoire du concept à ses contradictions pratiques, articule histoire de la philosophie et philosophie sociale autour d’un axe herméneutique déterminant : les significations successivement attribuées au concept de liberté sont essentiellement reliées à des expériences d’aliénation - attestées par les textes - dont elles constituent des projections négatives idéalisées. Le travail généalogique effectué met en évidence l’indissociabilité de deux lignes d’analyse que le concept de « dialectique négative » est le plus propre à exprimer : la projection d’un concept de liberté à partir d’un contenu expérientiel historiquement mis sur le devant de la scène philosophique et la régression de ce concept en instrument idéologique.Dans cette perspective, l’analyse des différentes formulations paradigmatiques de l’idée de liberté - autour desquels les débats se sont concentrés et dont l’histoire de la philosophie s’est progressivement enrichie - met au jour le contenu philosophiquement inédit de chacune d’elles et son ancrage dans l’expression rationalisée d’une souffrance première, dès lors configurée comme forme d’aliénation. Ainsi, la peur de l’exil dans l’Antiquité, la conception chrétienne de l’homme endetté, la crainte asservissante d’autrui pour les Modernes et la peur contemporaine de l’objectivation unilatérale forgent essentiellement les significations respectives de la liberté comme autochtonie, rédemption, sécurité et réinsertion du sens.D’autre part, cette même analyse fait apparaître la dialectique négative 1 de l’idée de liberté : ce dont les idéaux de liberté veulent émanciper l’homme constitue du même coup et nécessairement le contenu motivationnel qui le conduit à s’aliéner. Dès lors, après avoir retracé de manière non exhaustive le contexte génétique de chaque paradigme philosophique, les chapitres déploient la dynamique régressive de l’idée de liberté, de telle façon qu’en chacune de ses formulations, elle engendre une nouvelle forme d’aliénation. Apparaît par là la dialectiquede la praxis au sein de laquelle l’idée de liberté devient mythe et mobilise des mécanismes psychologiques à la faveur desquels l’aspiration à l’émancipation se mue en désir d’adaptation et d’obéissance.Aussi le fil directeur tissé par ma thèse est-il que l’histoire de la philosophie fournit des éléments fondamentaux non seulement pour réveiller les sens du terme « liberté » confusément sédimentés dans notre usage discursif, mais aussi pour comprendre le rôle essentiel de l’idée de liberté dans l’imaginaire social. / The idea of Freedom and its Negative Dilaectics : from the History of the Concept to its Practical Contradictions.

Orientador: Josué Pereira da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T04:18:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_LuizGustavodaCunhade_D.pdf: 2004206 bytes, checksum: bf15635f4388f43e0dbdd2f716cccf9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como tema a discussão sobre reconhecimento, redistribuição e justiça na teoria social contemporânea. Para isto foi tomado como principal elemento de análise o debate entre a filósofa feminista estadunidense Nancy Fraser e o filósofo e sociólogo alemão Axel Honneth, que publicaram um livro em que discutiam qual seria a melhor forma de caracterizar o capitalismo contemporâneo. Na medida em que ambos autores reivindicam filiação à tradição de pesquisa conhecida como Teoria Crítica da sociedade, o parâmetro através do qual foi estudado seu debate foi a capacidade de suas respectivas contribuições para a crítica das relações sociais atualmente existentes, assim como naquela tradição fundada por Max Horkheimer. Da análise do debate conclui-se que entre a análise do capitalismo contemporâneo, a construção de um paradigma da justiça e o potencial de crítica deste paradigma, o modelo do reconhecimento defendido por Honneth possui maior alcance que o paradigma da participação defendido por Fraser. O paradigma do reconhecimento seria mais apto a apreender os motivos de sofrimento social e o potencial de críticas ao mundo atualmente existente, mas o paradigma da redistribuição apreenderia melhor as dinâmicas políticas por trás das lutas sociais. Ambos, no entanto, falham na compreensão da formação e reprodução de contextos de exclusão, o que levou, ao final do trabalho, a que se fizesse a tentativa de complementar o paradigma do reconhecimento com a formulação de uma categoria analítica, o desreconhecimento, capaz de analisar e explicitar estes processos e contextos / Abstract: The subject matter of this dissertation is the discussion about the concepts of recognition, redistribution and justice in contemporary social theory, particularly as it was framed by the debate between Nancy Fraser and Axel Honneth in their social, political and philosophical exchange. As far as both authors share the idea of renewing the tradition of critical social theory, it was exactly the critical potential of their respective models for the task of analysing present-day capitalism that was taken as a guideline for this study. From this study emerged the conclusion that the recognition paradigm advocated for Honneth is better suited to explain the suffering experience of subjects and, therefore, the critical motifs of an contemporary critical social theory. Nevertheless, it was also clear that the responses provided by Honneth do not suffice to fully accomplish an analysis of the political processes that lead to the formation of contexts of social life in which no recognition at all is at disposal of the subjects. Thus, as a contribution to the theories of recognition that aim to deal with issues of justice and injustice, it was developed an analytical category to deal with such processes and contextes of disrecognition (Aberkennung) / Doutorado / Sociologia / Doutor em Sociologia

Orientador: Marcos Severino Nobre / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T12:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yamawake_Paulo_M.pdf: 1119334 bytes, checksum: d74d38e916d874c809c796c8d78ac6be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Na década de 1930, Max Horkheimer (1895-1973), como diretor do Institut für Sozialforschung de Frankfurt, organiza um programa coletivo interdisciplinar sobre fundamentos materialistas, no sentido empregado por Marx. Dentre as disciplinas, é notável o papel que Horkheimer dá à psicanálise para a investigação de fenômenos como a ideologia, as transformações sociais e seus bloqueios, bem como a ascensão do nazismo. Reunindo esforços da história, da teoria social e da psicanálise, Horkheimer elabora, no texto "Egoísmo e Movimento de Libertação" (1936), um diagnóstico de tempo baseado na antropologia da época burguesa, que revela qual a "essência" histórica do ser humano produzida pelo capitalismo. Esta pesquisa investiga como Horkheimer realiza esse diagnóstico e como ele fundamenta sua antropologia filosófica. Mas se o materialismo o impede de recorrer a noções idealistas como a de "natureza humana", Horkheimer busca, em conjunto com Erich Fromm (1900-1980), um fundamento para sua antropologia em um conjunto de conceitos da psicanálise que permita abrigar as transformações históricas. A hipótese apresentada pela pesquisa é a de que Horkheimer encontra no conceito de caráter a chave para compreender os traços de comportamento sobre uma perspectiva materialista. Em suma, é este conceito que permite observar a influência da economia na formação da estrutura psíquica individual e que permitirá diagnosticar o caráter típico da época burguesa: um caráter cruel, que exerce violência contra o próprio indivíduo e contra o outro, o que resulta em obediência à autoridade e em ódio contra o estranho (Fremd). Em termos psicanalíticos, é um caráter sadomasoquista, que interioriza a autoridade externa, fortalece o super-Eu, impedindo um desenvolvimento autônomo do Eu / Abstract: In the 1930s, Max Horkheimer (1895-1973), as director of Institut für Sozialforschung of Frankfurt, organizes a collective interdisciplinary program of research on materialist foundations, in the Marx¿s sense. Among the disciplines it is notable the role that Horkheimer gives to psychoanalysis in order to investigate phenomena such as the ideology, the social transformations and its obstacles, as well as the rise of Nazism. By gathering scientific efforts from history, social theory and psychoanalysis, Horkheimer formulates in the essay "Egoism and Freedom Movements" (1936) his time diagnosis based on the concept of anthropology of bourgeois era that reveals the historical "essence" of human being produced by capitalism. In this research we investigate how Horkheimer carries this diagnosis out and how he grounds his philosophical anthropology. If materialism prevents Horkheimer to call on idealistic notions such as "human nature", then he searches in collaboration with Erich Fromm (1900-1980) a basis for his anthropology in the Freudian psychoanalytical concepts. Our research presents the hypothesis that Horkheimer finds in the concept of character the key to understand the human traits in a materialistic sense. In short, the character allows understanding how the economic processes influence the formation of individual psychic structure. Furthermore, it allows seeing the typical character of the bourgeois era: the individual has a cruel character that uses violence against itself and against the other, which results historically in the obedience to authority and hatred against the strange (Fremd). In psychoanalytical terms, it is a sadomasochist character that internalizes the external authority, strengthens the superego, and precludes an autonomous development of the ego / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

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a zkoumá vliv tohoto myšlení na jejich stěžejní díla následující dekádě. V let, ve kterém se formovaly osobnosti a myšlenky obou autorů. tehdejším Č Kosíkovo a Machovcovo myšlení. V závěrečné části práce jsou nastíněny také filozof podněty přicház které autoři postupně včlenili do