The aim of the study was to describe the perceptions of critical care nurses concerning family witnessed resuscitation, presenting arguments for or against the practice thereof. A quantitative, descriptive and exploratory approach was used. For the study, a non- probability convenience sample of 100 critical care nurses from five critical care units were used. A combined open-ended and closed-ended questionnaire was used. The majority of critical care nurses in the study disapproved of the idea of family witnessed resuscitation. They believed it to be traumatic for relatives, threatening to the resuscitation process and increasing litigation. Although the dominant feeling was one of disapproval, some critical care nurses felt that family witnessed resuscitation was beneficial to relatives. Recommendations for future practice included incorporation of educational programmes for critical care nurses concerning family witnessed resuscitation and providing training to deal with the stresses of family witnessed resuscitation. / Health Studies / M.A (Health Studies)

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como se manifestam as características definidoras (CD) dos diagnósticos de enfermagem (DE) Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz (PRI) e Ventilação Espontânea Prejudicada (VEP) e as CD identificadas na literatura para o conceito “ventilação” em pacientes adultos hospitalizados em unidade de terapia intensiva com uso de oxigenoterapia. Tratou-se de um estudo de validação clínica diagnóstica realizado com 626 pacientes. Foram utilizadas as técnicas estatísticas de Análise de Correspondências Múltiplas para realizar o diagnóstico diferencial e Análise de Classe Latente para determinar três níveis de gravidade a partir das CD de PRI, VEP e do conceito “ventilação”, relacionando-os com o modo ventilatório empregado: a) pacientes com menor gravidade em uso de oxigenoterapia através de ventilação espontânea (VE); b) pacientes com gravidade intermediária em uso de oxigenoterapia através de ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VMNI) e; c) pacientes com maior gravidade em uso de oxigenoterapia através de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI). As CD que apresentaram maiores valores de sensibilidade para a subamostra em VE foram “fadiga”, “alterações no volume corrente”, “pressão inspiratória diminuída” e “pressão expiratória diminuída”. As CD que apresentaram maiores valores de sensibilidade para a subamostra em VMNI foram “alterações na frequência respiratória”, “alterações no volume corrente”, “relação ventilação/perfusão alterada”, “gases sanguíneos arteriais alterados” e “pressão expiratória diminuída”. As CD que apresentaram maiores valores de sensibilidade para a subamostra em VMI foram “cooperação diminuída”, “inquietação aumentada”, “alterações na frequência respiratória”, “gases sanguíneos arteriais alterados” e “hipóxia”. A partir destes achados, sugere-se que o DE VEP seja excluído da NANDA-I e que sejam incorporadas as CD de VEP que constituíram parte do modelo de classe latente com melhor ajuste ao DE PRI. / The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of the defining characteristics (DC) of Nursing diagnosis (ND) Ineffective Breathing Pattern (IBP) and Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation (ISV) and DC found in the literature for "ventilation" concept in adult patients hospitalized in intensive care unit in oxygen therapy. The study was a diagnostic clinical validation conducted with 626 patientes. Multiple Correspondence Analysis was used to perform a differential diagnosis and Latent Class Analysis was used to determine three severity levels from the DC of PRI, VEP and of the concept “ventilation", relating them to the ventilation mode used: a) patients with minor oxygen therapy through spontaneous ventilation (SV); b) patients with intermediate severity oxygen therapy through noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) and; c) patients with severe oxygen therapy through invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The DC that showed higher sensitivity for the class in SV were "fatigue", "changes in tidal volume", "decreased inspiratory pressure" and "decreased expiratory pressure”. The DC that showed higher sensitivity for the class in NIMV were "changes in respiratory rate", "changes in tidal volume", "altered ventilation/perfusion ratio", "altered arterial blood gases" and "decreased expiratory pressure". The DC that showed higher sensitivity for the class in IMV were “decreased cooperation", "increased restlessness", "changes in respiratory rate", "altered arterial blood gases" and "hypoxia." Finally, it is suggested that the VEP diagnosis be excluded from the NANDA-I and its DC which formed part of the latent class model with best adjustment be incorporate as DC to ND PRI. / Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar cómo se manifiestan las características definidoras (CD) de los diagnósticos de enfermería (DE) Patrón Respiratorio Ineficaz (PRI) y Deterioro de la Ventilación Espontánea (DVE) y las CD identificadas en la literatura para el concepto "ventilación" en pacientes adultos hospitalizados en unidad de cuidados intensivos con oxigenoterapia. Fue un estudio de validación clínica de diagnósticos de enfermería. Compusieron la muestra 626 pacientes. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas de Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiple para hacer el diagnóstico diferencial y Análisis de Clase Latente para determinar tres niveles de gravedad desde las CD de PRI, DVE y del concepto "ventilación", relacionándolos con el modo de ventilación empleado: a) pacientes con menos gravedad en uso de oxigenoterapia a través de ventilación espontánea (VE); b) pacientes con gravedad intermedia en uso de oxigenoterapia a través de ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI) y, c) pacientes con mayor gravedad en uso de oxigenoterapia a través de ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI). Las CD que mostraron mayor sensibilidad para la clase en VE fueron “fatiga”, “cambios en el volumen tidal”, “disminución de la presión inspiratoria” y “disminución de la presión espiratoria”. Las CD que mostraron mayor sensibilidad para la clase en VMNI fueron “cambios en la frecuencia respiratoria”, “cambios en el volumen tidal”, “relación ventilación/ perfusion cambiada”, “gases en sangre arterial cambiados” y “disminución de la presión espiratoria”. Las CD que mostraron mayor sensibilidad para la clase en VMI fueron “cooperación disminuida”, “inquietación demasiada”, “cambios en la frecuencia respiratoria”, “gases en sangre arterial cambiados” y “hipoxia”. A partir de estos resultados, se sugiere que el DE DVE se suprimido de la NANDA-I y que las CD del DE DVE que constituían parte del modelo de clase latente con mejor ajuste se incorporan al DE PRI.

Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting are prone to develop muscle weakness and the causes are multi-factorial. Muscle strength in adult, critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation decreases with immobility. The influence of muscle strength on different muscle groups and its influence on progressive mobility in the adult, critically ill patient on mechanical ventilation has not been examined. Identifying muscle strength in this patient population can benefit overall muscle health and minimize muscle deconditioning through a progressive mobility plan. The objective of this dissertation was to describe muscle strength in different muscle groups and to describe the influence of muscle strength on mobility in critically ill adult patients on mechanical ventilation (MV). Fifty ICU patients were enrolled in this descriptive, cross sectional study. Abdominal core, bilateral hand grip and extremity strength was measured using three measurement tools. Mobility was measured using the following scale: 0=lying in bed; 1=sitting on edge of bed; 2=sitting on edge of bed to standing; 3=walking to bedside chair and 4=walking >7 feet from the standing position. Predictors of mobility were examined using stepwise regression. Abdominal core, bilateral hand grip and extremity strength demonstrated statistically significant relationships with all variables. Extremity strength accounted for 82% of the variance in mobility and was the sole predictor (β=0.903; F=212.9; p=0.000). Future research addressing the outcomes of implementing a mobility protocol in this patient population and prioritizing when such a protocol should be implemented would be beneficial to ongoing plans to decrease MV, ICU and hospital days. Muscle strength tests implemented at the bedside are crucial to implementing a progressive mobility plan for critically ill adults while they are on MV therapy.

The aim of the study was to describe the perceptions of critical care nurses concerning family witnessed resuscitation, presenting arguments for or against the practice thereof. A quantitative, descriptive and exploratory approach was used. For the study, a non- probability convenience sample of 100 critical care nurses from five critical care units were used. A combined open-ended and closed-ended questionnaire was used. The majority of critical care nurses in the study disapproved of the idea of family witnessed resuscitation. They believed it to be traumatic for relatives, threatening to the resuscitation process and increasing litigation. Although the dominant feeling was one of disapproval, some critical care nurses felt that family witnessed resuscitation was beneficial to relatives. Recommendations for future practice included incorporation of educational programmes for critical care nurses concerning family witnessed resuscitation and providing training to deal with the stresses of family witnessed resuscitation. / Health Studies / M.A (Health Studies)

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como se manifestam as características definidoras (CD) dos diagnósticos de enfermagem (DE) Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz (PRI) e Ventilação Espontânea Prejudicada (VEP) e as CD identificadas na literatura para o conceito “ventilação” em pacientes adultos hospitalizados em unidade de terapia intensiva com uso de oxigenoterapia. Tratou-se de um estudo de validação clínica diagnóstica realizado com 626 pacientes. Foram utilizadas as técnicas estatísticas de Análise de Correspondências Múltiplas para realizar o diagnóstico diferencial e Análise de Classe Latente para determinar três níveis de gravidade a partir das CD de PRI, VEP e do conceito “ventilação”, relacionando-os com o modo ventilatório empregado: a) pacientes com menor gravidade em uso de oxigenoterapia através de ventilação espontânea (VE); b) pacientes com gravidade intermediária em uso de oxigenoterapia através de ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VMNI) e; c) pacientes com maior gravidade em uso de oxigenoterapia através de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI). As CD que apresentaram maiores valores de sensibilidade para a subamostra em VE foram “fadiga”, “alterações no volume corrente”, “pressão inspiratória diminuída” e “pressão expiratória diminuída”. As CD que apresentaram maiores valores de sensibilidade para a subamostra em VMNI foram “alterações na frequência respiratória”, “alterações no volume corrente”, “relação ventilação/perfusão alterada”, “gases sanguíneos arteriais alterados” e “pressão expiratória diminuída”. As CD que apresentaram maiores valores de sensibilidade para a subamostra em VMI foram “cooperação diminuída”, “inquietação aumentada”, “alterações na frequência respiratória”, “gases sanguíneos arteriais alterados” e “hipóxia”. A partir destes achados, sugere-se que o DE VEP seja excluído da NANDA-I e que sejam incorporadas as CD de VEP que constituíram parte do modelo de classe latente com melhor ajuste ao DE PRI. / The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of the defining characteristics (DC) of Nursing diagnosis (ND) Ineffective Breathing Pattern (IBP) and Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation (ISV) and DC found in the literature for "ventilation" concept in adult patients hospitalized in intensive care unit in oxygen therapy. The study was a diagnostic clinical validation conducted with 626 patientes. Multiple Correspondence Analysis was used to perform a differential diagnosis and Latent Class Analysis was used to determine three severity levels from the DC of PRI, VEP and of the concept “ventilation", relating them to the ventilation mode used: a) patients with minor oxygen therapy through spontaneous ventilation (SV); b) patients with intermediate severity oxygen therapy through noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) and; c) patients with severe oxygen therapy through invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The DC that showed higher sensitivity for the class in SV were "fatigue", "changes in tidal volume", "decreased inspiratory pressure" and "decreased expiratory pressure”. The DC that showed higher sensitivity for the class in NIMV were "changes in respiratory rate", "changes in tidal volume", "altered ventilation/perfusion ratio", "altered arterial blood gases" and "decreased expiratory pressure". The DC that showed higher sensitivity for the class in IMV were “decreased cooperation", "increased restlessness", "changes in respiratory rate", "altered arterial blood gases" and "hypoxia." Finally, it is suggested that the VEP diagnosis be excluded from the NANDA-I and its DC which formed part of the latent class model with best adjustment be incorporate as DC to ND PRI. / Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar cómo se manifiestan las características definidoras (CD) de los diagnósticos de enfermería (DE) Patrón Respiratorio Ineficaz (PRI) y Deterioro de la Ventilación Espontánea (DVE) y las CD identificadas en la literatura para el concepto "ventilación" en pacientes adultos hospitalizados en unidad de cuidados intensivos con oxigenoterapia. Fue un estudio de validación clínica de diagnósticos de enfermería. Compusieron la muestra 626 pacientes. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas de Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiple para hacer el diagnóstico diferencial y Análisis de Clase Latente para determinar tres niveles de gravedad desde las CD de PRI, DVE y del concepto "ventilación", relacionándolos con el modo de ventilación empleado: a) pacientes con menos gravedad en uso de oxigenoterapia a través de ventilación espontánea (VE); b) pacientes con gravedad intermedia en uso de oxigenoterapia a través de ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI) y, c) pacientes con mayor gravedad en uso de oxigenoterapia a través de ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI). Las CD que mostraron mayor sensibilidad para la clase en VE fueron “fatiga”, “cambios en el volumen tidal”, “disminución de la presión inspiratoria” y “disminución de la presión espiratoria”. Las CD que mostraron mayor sensibilidad para la clase en VMNI fueron “cambios en la frecuencia respiratoria”, “cambios en el volumen tidal”, “relación ventilación/ perfusion cambiada”, “gases en sangre arterial cambiados” y “disminución de la presión espiratoria”. Las CD que mostraron mayor sensibilidad para la clase en VMI fueron “cooperación disminuida”, “inquietación demasiada”, “cambios en la frecuencia respiratoria”, “gases en sangre arterial cambiados” y “hipoxia”. A partir de estos resultados, se sugiere que el DE DVE se suprimido de la NANDA-I y que las CD del DE DVE que constituían parte del modelo de clase latente con mejor ajuste se incorporan al DE PRI.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como se manifestam as características definidoras (CD) dos diagnósticos de enfermagem (DE) Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz (PRI) e Ventilação Espontânea Prejudicada (VEP) e as CD identificadas na literatura para o conceito “ventilação” em pacientes adultos hospitalizados em unidade de terapia intensiva com uso de oxigenoterapia. Tratou-se de um estudo de validação clínica diagnóstica realizado com 626 pacientes. Foram utilizadas as técnicas estatísticas de Análise de Correspondências Múltiplas para realizar o diagnóstico diferencial e Análise de Classe Latente para determinar três níveis de gravidade a partir das CD de PRI, VEP e do conceito “ventilação”, relacionando-os com o modo ventilatório empregado: a) pacientes com menor gravidade em uso de oxigenoterapia através de ventilação espontânea (VE); b) pacientes com gravidade intermediária em uso de oxigenoterapia através de ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VMNI) e; c) pacientes com maior gravidade em uso de oxigenoterapia através de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI). As CD que apresentaram maiores valores de sensibilidade para a subamostra em VE foram “fadiga”, “alterações no volume corrente”, “pressão inspiratória diminuída” e “pressão expiratória diminuída”. As CD que apresentaram maiores valores de sensibilidade para a subamostra em VMNI foram “alterações na frequência respiratória”, “alterações no volume corrente”, “relação ventilação/perfusão alterada”, “gases sanguíneos arteriais alterados” e “pressão expiratória diminuída”. As CD que apresentaram maiores valores de sensibilidade para a subamostra em VMI foram “cooperação diminuída”, “inquietação aumentada”, “alterações na frequência respiratória”, “gases sanguíneos arteriais alterados” e “hipóxia”. A partir destes achados, sugere-se que o DE VEP seja excluído da NANDA-I e que sejam incorporadas as CD de VEP que constituíram parte do modelo de classe latente com melhor ajuste ao DE PRI. / The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of the defining characteristics (DC) of Nursing diagnosis (ND) Ineffective Breathing Pattern (IBP) and Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation (ISV) and DC found in the literature for "ventilation" concept in adult patients hospitalized in intensive care unit in oxygen therapy. The study was a diagnostic clinical validation conducted with 626 patientes. Multiple Correspondence Analysis was used to perform a differential diagnosis and Latent Class Analysis was used to determine three severity levels from the DC of PRI, VEP and of the concept “ventilation", relating them to the ventilation mode used: a) patients with minor oxygen therapy through spontaneous ventilation (SV); b) patients with intermediate severity oxygen therapy through noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) and; c) patients with severe oxygen therapy through invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The DC that showed higher sensitivity for the class in SV were "fatigue", "changes in tidal volume", "decreased inspiratory pressure" and "decreased expiratory pressure”. The DC that showed higher sensitivity for the class in NIMV were "changes in respiratory rate", "changes in tidal volume", "altered ventilation/perfusion ratio", "altered arterial blood gases" and "decreased expiratory pressure". The DC that showed higher sensitivity for the class in IMV were “decreased cooperation", "increased restlessness", "changes in respiratory rate", "altered arterial blood gases" and "hypoxia." Finally, it is suggested that the VEP diagnosis be excluded from the NANDA-I and its DC which formed part of the latent class model with best adjustment be incorporate as DC to ND PRI. / Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar cómo se manifiestan las características definidoras (CD) de los diagnósticos de enfermería (DE) Patrón Respiratorio Ineficaz (PRI) y Deterioro de la Ventilación Espontánea (DVE) y las CD identificadas en la literatura para el concepto "ventilación" en pacientes adultos hospitalizados en unidad de cuidados intensivos con oxigenoterapia. Fue un estudio de validación clínica de diagnósticos de enfermería. Compusieron la muestra 626 pacientes. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas de Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiple para hacer el diagnóstico diferencial y Análisis de Clase Latente para determinar tres niveles de gravedad desde las CD de PRI, DVE y del concepto "ventilación", relacionándolos con el modo de ventilación empleado: a) pacientes con menos gravedad en uso de oxigenoterapia a través de ventilación espontánea (VE); b) pacientes con gravedad intermedia en uso de oxigenoterapia a través de ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI) y, c) pacientes con mayor gravedad en uso de oxigenoterapia a través de ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI). Las CD que mostraron mayor sensibilidad para la clase en VE fueron “fatiga”, “cambios en el volumen tidal”, “disminución de la presión inspiratoria” y “disminución de la presión espiratoria”. Las CD que mostraron mayor sensibilidad para la clase en VMNI fueron “cambios en la frecuencia respiratoria”, “cambios en el volumen tidal”, “relación ventilación/ perfusion cambiada”, “gases en sangre arterial cambiados” y “disminución de la presión espiratoria”. Las CD que mostraron mayor sensibilidad para la clase en VMI fueron “cooperación disminuida”, “inquietación demasiada”, “cambios en la frecuencia respiratoria”, “gases en sangre arterial cambiados” y “hipoxia”. A partir de estos resultados, se sugiere que el DE DVE se suprimido de la NANDA-I y que las CD del DE DVE que constituían parte del modelo de clase latente con mejor ajuste se incorporan al DE PRI.

BACKGROUND Cardiac surgery patients have some of the highest reported incidence and prevalence of pressure injuries (PI). A growing subset of cardiac surgery include patients with end-stage heart failure who undergo ventricular assist device (VAD) or total artificial heart (TAH) surgery. The risk of PI and their natural history of development in this population are unknown and the specific risk factors for PI development remain unexplored. OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review of the literature to identify the incidence and risk factors of PI development in patients undergoing VAD-TAH surgery and thereby inform study design and variables in an eight-year retrospective study of all patients undergoing VAD-TAH surgery at a large academic university medical center. METHODS The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses or PRISMA statement guided this systematic review. Quality of evidence was determined using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Rating Scale. Two reviewers independently appraised manuscripts matching the eligibility criteria for study inclusion. Four databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and hand searches of journals based on reference lists from included studies were utilized. Initial results of this primary search revealed zero studies that met inclusion and this search methodology was confirmed by medical librarian consultation. Therefore, a follow up retrospective study was necessary to identify incidence of PI in the VAD-TAH population. However, a secondary search, dropping keywords of VAD-TAH and instead focusing on studies of on-pump cardiac surgery and mixed surgical studies where cardiac surgery patients were included, was conducted to establish variables to guide a retrospective study of all VAD-TAH surgeries between 2010-2018. The retrospective study evaluated the incidence of pressure ulcers by case, patient and incidence density for each of the respective 1000 patient days during the study period. Univariate statistics are reported by four different VAD-TAH devices. Variables significant in bivariate analysis were entered in a stepwise logistic regression model. RESULTS In the systematic review, 312 articles were identified from the databases with eight additional articles from hand searches. Following abstract review, 208 were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria or study quality metrics. 77 articles were read in full, with 61 excluded, leaving 16 articles for inclusion. 31 risk factors were identified for PI development in on-pump cardiac surgery patients with 11 risk factors which were identified as significant in multivariate analysis for inclusion in the retrospective study.

No description available.

The purpose was to examine the effect of a self-care educational intervention on nursing student resilience and thus the potential for compassion fatigue, depersonalization, burnout, depression, and inadequate self-care. A one-group pretest-posttest research design was applied to a convenience sample of 104 nursing students near the end of their last semester in a baccalaureate nursing program. The measurements were demographics, a psychometric resilience scale, program evaluation, and reflection question. The intervention was a standardized, intensive 30 min training program on the high degree of stress and burnout nurses face and the core self-care methods that can promote resilience to these hazards. The educational intervention had a strong positive effect on resilience scores (effect size of r=72%; p < 0.05). Eighty-six percent of the participants believed that the intervention increased their capabilities for self-care, especially in sleep, spending time outside, hydration, nutrition, and physical stretching exercises but not in journaling. Eighty-one percent stated that they would be likely to seek professional help if needed. Although this study must be repeated in other samples before it be implemented with full confidence, the standardized, high intensity, short duration, resilience training session can be recommended to nursing programs just prior to graduation and to hospitals for nurse orientation programs.

Background: Historically, patients with cancer have been perceived as poor candidates for ICU admission. General ICU admission criteria lists cancer patients as low priority in ICU admission depriving them of the care they rightfully deserve. The purpose of this literary synthesis was to examine ICU admission criteria, risk factors, and outcomes of ICU admission in relation to hematological and solid tumor cancers and discuss ways that practitioners and nurses can educate patients with cancer and their families on appropriateness of ICU care. Methods: A total of 768 articles were found in a literature search including all literature from 2005 to 2016 from all countries using the databases CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Premier. These were further narrowed down based on relevancy by topic or reading abstracts. A total of 13 articles utilizing the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the literature search were included in the final literature synthesis. Results: In addition to general ICU admission criteria several other criteria and scores can be helpful in admitting patients with cancer to the ICU including cancer specific criteria, mortality predictor tools, performance status, and ICU trials. Mortality predictors, in combination with other patient characteristics, demonstrated effectiveness to predict outcomes in patients with cancer. Survival rates in hematological and solid tumor cancers have improved from the past, and lower prognostic scores can predict who will have better outcomes. Conclusion: Cancer specific criteria, mortality predictor tools, performance status, and ICU trials in addition to general ICU criteria should be used for admission of cancer patients into ICU. Practitioners and nurses should become familiar with the newest outcomes in patients with cancer to make collaborative informed decisions about ICU admission.