Este trabalho pretende tratar a música caipira, nosso objeto da pesquisa, sob um ponto de vista transcultural, onde, além de evidenciarmos a relação desta com as manifestações portuguesas, indígenas e negras - já largamente comentadas na bibliografia sobre o assunto, vamos procurar também traços, ou reminiscências, de música italiana. O fenômeno da imigração italiana no início do século XX fez parte de um projeto político que visava o aprimoramento das condições morais da sociedade brasileira. Por outro lado havia os habitantes dos espaços rurais do estado de São Paulo, os caipiras, que concentravam grande parte das características consideradas indesejáveis para os intelectuais urbanizados que visavam o progresso do país. Assim, graças à expansão das grandes fazendas na região rural do estado e do assentamento de colônias italianas também no interior, os caipiras estiveram expostos à convivência com estes trabalhadores italianos. Passamos a nos perguntar a respeito de como teria se dado o encaminhamento deste amálgama de culturas (nativo x italiano), especificamente na música. Propusemo-nos a procurar o quê de italiano haveria na música dos nativos. Escolhemos a música caipira por ser um gênero que entrou em ascensão em um momento próximo da chegada dos imigrantes ao país, portanto era a manifestação musical de um grupo que esteve diretamente ligado aos italianos. Acreditamos que estes eventos mereçam ainda mais dedicação por parte dos pesquisadores, uma vez que manifestado o alto grau de possibilidades envolvidas na interação de diversas culturas, estas ainda necessitem de mais colaborações que tratem de elucidá-las. / This work intends to treat the caipira music, our object of research, from a transcultural point of view, where, in addition to showing its relation with the Portuguese, Indian and Black manifestations - already widely commented on in the bibliography on the subject, we will also look for traces , Or reminiscences, of Italian music. The phenomenon of Italian immigration in the early 20th century was part of a political project aimed at improving the moral conditions of Brazilian society. On the other hand, there were the inhabitants of the rural areas of the state of São Paulo, the Caipiras, who concentrated much of the characteristics considered undesirable for the urbanized intellectuals that aimed the progress of the country. Thus, thanks to the expansion of the large farms in the rural area of the state and the settlement of Italian colonies also inland, the Caipiras were exposed to coexistence with these Italian workers. We began to wonder how the referral of this mixture of cultures (native x Italian), specifically in music, would have taken place. We set out to find out what Italian would be in the music of the natives. We chose caipira music because it was a genre that came on the rise at a time when immigrants arrived in the country, so it was the musical manifestation of a group that was directly connected to the Italians. We believe that these events deserve even greater dedication on the part of the researchers, since they expressed the high degree of possibilities involved in the interaction of diverse cultures, these still need more collaborations that try to elucidate them.

<p>The purpose of this qualitative research study is to examine if and how the teachers from a multicultural International School work with intercultural pedagogy. The school in question isprofiled and consists of both Swedish- and English classes. The study examines if and how the teachers related to the great variety of cultures and created opportunities for integration between the students and handling with values at school. It is important to be aware as a teacher to be able to take an active part in working towards a school that gives possibilities for different cultures to meet. If this is neglected, it may increase the risk of problems and cultural clashes between the students. The questions in issue used for this study are: How do the teachers work with the great variety of cultures in the school? Does an active cultural meeting take place between the different cultures and ethnicities in the different classes in order to make a social/democratic/equal place of meeting that the school should represent? How do they work with the central values at Narsby International School?</p><p>The method used for this study was partly structured interviews that consist of an interview guide as a base in order to be able to get near the reason for this study and the questions at issue. Two teachers from the Swedish classes and two teachers from the English classes participated in the interviews. The goal was to bring out their thoughts around integration and the values at the school.</p><p>The results showed that the teachers had different approaches concerning what to procure for their students. They had different views on the idea of integration and how to use it the school environment and how to handle the diversity in school based on cultural. Another interesting result was that the school according to three of the teachers had encountered problems and groupings between the students and also the staffing because of the profile. The society usually believes that the segregation only can be found among immigrant- and Swedish groups with different cultures. This study shows how segregation and groupings can also appear between two different groups of immigrant backgrounds on a multicultural school, which is often neglected.</p>

The purpose of this qualitative research study is to examine if and how the teachers from a multicultural International School work with intercultural pedagogy. The school in question isprofiled and consists of both Swedish- and English classes. The study examines if and how the teachers related to the great variety of cultures and created opportunities for integration between the students and handling with values at school. It is important to be aware as a teacher to be able to take an active part in working towards a school that gives possibilities for different cultures to meet. If this is neglected, it may increase the risk of problems and cultural clashes between the students. The questions in issue used for this study are: How do the teachers work with the great variety of cultures in the school? Does an active cultural meeting take place between the different cultures and ethnicities in the different classes in order to make a social/democratic/equal place of meeting that the school should represent? How do they work with the central values at Narsby International School? The method used for this study was partly structured interviews that consist of an interview guide as a base in order to be able to get near the reason for this study and the questions at issue. Two teachers from the Swedish classes and two teachers from the English classes participated in the interviews. The goal was to bring out their thoughts around integration and the values at the school. The results showed that the teachers had different approaches concerning what to procure for their students. They had different views on the idea of integration and how to use it the school environment and how to handle the diversity in school based on cultural. Another interesting result was that the school according to three of the teachers had encountered problems and groupings between the students and also the staffing because of the profile. The society usually believes that the segregation only can be found among immigrant- and Swedish groups with different cultures. This study shows how segregation and groupings can also appear between two different groups of immigrant backgrounds on a multicultural school, which is often neglected.

Este trabalho pretende tratar a música caipira, nosso objeto da pesquisa, sob um ponto de vista transcultural, onde, além de evidenciarmos a relação desta com as manifestações portuguesas, indígenas e negras - já largamente comentadas na bibliografia sobre o assunto, vamos procurar também traços, ou reminiscências, de música italiana. O fenômeno da imigração italiana no início do século XX fez parte de um projeto político que visava o aprimoramento das condições morais da sociedade brasileira. Por outro lado havia os habitantes dos espaços rurais do estado de São Paulo, os caipiras, que concentravam grande parte das características consideradas indesejáveis para os intelectuais urbanizados que visavam o progresso do país. Assim, graças à expansão das grandes fazendas na região rural do estado e do assentamento de colônias italianas também no interior, os caipiras estiveram expostos à convivência com estes trabalhadores italianos. Passamos a nos perguntar a respeito de como teria se dado o encaminhamento deste amálgama de culturas (nativo x italiano), especificamente na música. Propusemo-nos a procurar o quê de italiano haveria na música dos nativos. Escolhemos a música caipira por ser um gênero que entrou em ascensão em um momento próximo da chegada dos imigrantes ao país, portanto era a manifestação musical de um grupo que esteve diretamente ligado aos italianos. Acreditamos que estes eventos mereçam ainda mais dedicação por parte dos pesquisadores, uma vez que manifestado o alto grau de possibilidades envolvidas na interação de diversas culturas, estas ainda necessitem de mais colaborações que tratem de elucidá-las. / This work intends to treat the caipira music, our object of research, from a transcultural point of view, where, in addition to showing its relation with the Portuguese, Indian and Black manifestations - already widely commented on in the bibliography on the subject, we will also look for traces , Or reminiscences, of Italian music. The phenomenon of Italian immigration in the early 20th century was part of a political project aimed at improving the moral conditions of Brazilian society. On the other hand, there were the inhabitants of the rural areas of the state of São Paulo, the Caipiras, who concentrated much of the characteristics considered undesirable for the urbanized intellectuals that aimed the progress of the country. Thus, thanks to the expansion of the large farms in the rural area of the state and the settlement of Italian colonies also inland, the Caipiras were exposed to coexistence with these Italian workers. We began to wonder how the referral of this mixture of cultures (native x Italian), specifically in music, would have taken place. We set out to find out what Italian would be in the music of the natives. We chose caipira music because it was a genre that came on the rise at a time when immigrants arrived in the country, so it was the musical manifestation of a group that was directly connected to the Italians. We believe that these events deserve even greater dedication on the part of the researchers, since they expressed the high degree of possibilities involved in the interaction of diverse cultures, these still need more collaborations that try to elucidate them.

Apesar de legado a segundo plano durante muito tempo, o encontro cultural proporcionado pelo contato jesuíta-indígena gera inúmeras controvérsias e dúvidas no meio acadêmico. O debate fica por conta da forma como esses contatos foram produzidos, na constante tentativa de evitar ao máximo uma análise sobre qual lado se saiu vitorioso, além de verificar qual o grau de importância da presença missionária nas relações servis e evitar a descontextualização dos rituais indígenas. Baseado na documentação jesuítica e arqueológica, buscam-se elementos que possam auxiliar a compreensão do hibridismo cultural presente nos rituais que nortearam essa disputa pelo simbólico. O cemitério do Engenho São Jorge dos Erasmos se oferece como um recorte específico na busca de incentivar futuros estudos que se dediquem a examinar a sociedade americana frente a esse marcante encontro histórico. / Despite to legate to the second plan for a long time, the meeting provided by a cultural contact Jesuit-Indian generates numerous controversies and doubts in academia. The debate is from how these contacts were made, in a continuous try to avoid the analysis about which side is the victorious, beyond to verify whats the degree of importance of the missionary presence in the servile relationships and avoid the decontextualization of Indian rituals. Based in a Jesuitical and archaeological documentation, we look for elements that can assist on a comprehension of the cultural hybridism that is present in the rituals that guides this dispute by the symbolic. The São Jorge dos Erasmos mill\'s cemetery offer itself as a specific clipping in search of encourage future studies that dedicates to examine the American society from this outstanding historic meeting.

<p>This dissertation is an analysis of the cultural meeting between the Church and the Crown on the one hand, and the Sami community on the other, in a lappmark in the north of Sweden during the seventeenth century.</p><p>The authorities viewed and acted towards the Sami from the standpoint of their normative system, incorporating the political/ideological discourse that existed at this time. This was implemented by means of judicial machinery that represented the Sami as indulging in immoral sexual behavior and idolatry. This was due to the fact the authorities nurtured an interest in the different: the Sami became the Other, representing an antithesis of the authorities’ own existence. The authorities’ need to create this antithesis led to a representation of the Sami as sexually immoral and idolatrous that endured throughout the period of this research, with results that have both qualitative and quantitative foundations in two categories of crimes: those against religion, and sexual offences.</p><p>The Sami, for their part, exhibited cultural manifestations that, when detached from the court rolls’ narrative structure, clearly distinguish themselves from the normative system represented and implemented by the authorities. Conciliation in court was common amongst the Sami; their views on theft, murder or manslaughter, and sexual offences never coincided with the perspective maintained by the authorities on these issues, which was based on laws and ordinances. There were two reasons for this: the first was that the Sami did not stigmatize as criminals individuals who had committed unlawful deeds, as was the case with the authorities, who operated within the framework of the Swedish legal system; the second reason was that the Sami had other traditions concerning marriage and religious practice. The Sami interacted not only with each other, but also in relation to other groups of people outside the community, such as visiting farmers, townspeople, merchants and ironworkers. Judicial matters were raised for different reasons: to document the distribution of inheritance; to obtain remuneration for purchases on credit; to obtain a financial settlement with regard to theft; and to establish clearly the sequence of events, in cases of murder and manslaughter. This sheds light on the question of why and how the Sami made use of the possibilities afforded to them by the court, despite instances of repression to begin with, when the authorities used the court system to initiate cases against the Sami, including crimes against religion and sexual offences. The legal cases also shed light upon Sami traditions, morals and cultural expressions, which not only differed from the normative system of the authorities but also from various traditions and morals that were exhibited by the peasantry in other parts of Sweden at this time – we can thus “see into” a seventeenth-century Sami community.</p><p>The authorities represented repression and control, with the result that the Sami became the Other. However, the Sami interacted both within and beyond their own community. This provides us with information about traditions and morals, which seem to have been characteristic in terms of Sami culture, whilst at the same time differing from the type of behaviour the authorities desired.</p><p>The survey includes theoretical perspectives used by sociologist Stuart Hall, philosophers Michel Foucault and Paul Ricoeur, literary scientist and cultural theorist Homi K. Bhabha, and others, as well as theories proposed by literary scientists Ania Loomba and Edward Said, as well as cultural theorist and literary scientist Robert J. C. Young.</p>

This dissertation is an analysis of the cultural meeting between the Church and the Crown on the one hand, and the Sami community on the other, in a lappmark in the north of Sweden during the seventeenth century. The authorities viewed and acted towards the Sami from the standpoint of their normative system, incorporating the political/ideological discourse that existed at this time. This was implemented by means of judicial machinery that represented the Sami as indulging in immoral sexual behavior and idolatry. This was due to the fact the authorities nurtured an interest in the different: the Sami became the Other, representing an antithesis of the authorities’ own existence. The authorities’ need to create this antithesis led to a representation of the Sami as sexually immoral and idolatrous that endured throughout the period of this research, with results that have both qualitative and quantitative foundations in two categories of crimes: those against religion, and sexual offences. The Sami, for their part, exhibited cultural manifestations that, when detached from the court rolls’ narrative structure, clearly distinguish themselves from the normative system represented and implemented by the authorities. Conciliation in court was common amongst the Sami; their views on theft, murder or manslaughter, and sexual offences never coincided with the perspective maintained by the authorities on these issues, which was based on laws and ordinances. There were two reasons for this: the first was that the Sami did not stigmatize as criminals individuals who had committed unlawful deeds, as was the case with the authorities, who operated within the framework of the Swedish legal system; the second reason was that the Sami had other traditions concerning marriage and religious practice. The Sami interacted not only with each other, but also in relation to other groups of people outside the community, such as visiting farmers, townspeople, merchants and ironworkers. Judicial matters were raised for different reasons: to document the distribution of inheritance; to obtain remuneration for purchases on credit; to obtain a financial settlement with regard to theft; and to establish clearly the sequence of events, in cases of murder and manslaughter. This sheds light on the question of why and how the Sami made use of the possibilities afforded to them by the court, despite instances of repression to begin with, when the authorities used the court system to initiate cases against the Sami, including crimes against religion and sexual offences. The legal cases also shed light upon Sami traditions, morals and cultural expressions, which not only differed from the normative system of the authorities but also from various traditions and morals that were exhibited by the peasantry in other parts of Sweden at this time – we can thus “see into” a seventeenth-century Sami community. The authorities represented repression and control, with the result that the Sami became the Other. However, the Sami interacted both within and beyond their own community. This provides us with information about traditions and morals, which seem to have been characteristic in terms of Sami culture, whilst at the same time differing from the type of behaviour the authorities desired. The survey includes theoretical perspectives used by sociologist Stuart Hall, philosophers Michel Foucault and Paul Ricoeur, literary scientist and cultural theorist Homi K. Bhabha, and others, as well as theories proposed by literary scientists Ania Loomba and Edward Said, as well as cultural theorist and literary scientist Robert J. C. Young.

The purpose of the study was to seek a deeper understanding of how former unaccompanied refugees look at their situation in Sweden; how they describe their own sense of belonging, how they view participation in Swedish society and how they perceive "the Swedish culture". To answer the purpose of the study we have used a qualitative method in the form of semi structured interviews. During these interviews questions were raised based on three themes: KASAM (sense of context), cultural meetings and social interaction. The result showed that there are several reasons why cultural integration is difficult to achieve, that the respondents are to a small extent cultural-integrated and that the theories that exist about cultural integration cannot accurately be used to identify different types of integration. / Syftet med studien var att söka en djupare förståelse för hur före detta ensamkommande flyktingbarn ser på sin situation i Sverige; hur de beskriver och redogör för sin egen känsla av samhörighet, hur de ser på delaktighet i det svenska samhället och hur de uppfattar “den svenska kulturen”. För att besvara syftet med studien har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Under dessa intervjutillfällen ställdes frågor utifrån tre teman, vilka handlade om KASAM (känsla av sammanhang), kulturmöten och social interaktion. Resultatet visade att det finns ett flertal skäl till att kulturell integration är svår att uppnå, att respondenterna i liten grad är kulturellt integrerade samt att de teorier som finns i ämnet om kulturell integration inte med exakthet kan användas för att identifiera olika typer av integration.

Apesar de legado a segundo plano durante muito tempo, o encontro cultural proporcionado pelo contato jesuíta-indígena gera inúmeras controvérsias e dúvidas no meio acadêmico. O debate fica por conta da forma como esses contatos foram produzidos, na constante tentativa de evitar ao máximo uma análise sobre qual lado se saiu vitorioso, além de verificar qual o grau de importância da presença missionária nas relações servis e evitar a descontextualização dos rituais indígenas. Baseado na documentação jesuítica e arqueológica, buscam-se elementos que possam auxiliar a compreensão do hibridismo cultural presente nos rituais que nortearam essa disputa pelo simbólico. O cemitério do Engenho São Jorge dos Erasmos se oferece como um recorte específico na busca de incentivar futuros estudos que se dediquem a examinar a sociedade americana frente a esse marcante encontro histórico. / Despite to legate to the second plan for a long time, the meeting provided by a cultural contact Jesuit-Indian generates numerous controversies and doubts in academia. The debate is from how these contacts were made, in a continuous try to avoid the analysis about which side is the victorious, beyond to verify whats the degree of importance of the missionary presence in the servile relationships and avoid the decontextualization of Indian rituals. Based in a Jesuitical and archaeological documentation, we look for elements that can assist on a comprehension of the cultural hybridism that is present in the rituals that guides this dispute by the symbolic. The São Jorge dos Erasmos mill\'s cemetery offer itself as a specific clipping in search of encourage future studies that dedicates to examine the American society from this outstanding historic meeting.

I denna kvalitativa studie intervjuas sex flyktingguider som deltar i projektet Flyktingguide i Falu kommun. Studien syftar till att se vilken betydelse projektet haft för flyktingguiderna samt att utifrån deras perspektiv få förslag på hur man kan förbättra projektet för en ökad integration. Resultatet som framkommer i denna studie visar på att flyktingguiderna känner en tillfredsställelse av att kunna hjälpa flyktingar, att de finner att projektet Flyktingguide bidrar till integration i längden, samt att projektet har utvecklingspotential. Genom intervjuerna målades det upp en bild av många lyckade möten över kulturgränserna där respondenterna uttryckt allt ifrån att de fått nya sociala nätverk i form av vänner, så väl som känslan av att ha fått en helt ny familjemedlem. / In this qualitative study, six refugee guides are interviewed as participants of the Refugee Guide project in the municipality of Falun. The study aims at seeing the importance of the project for the refugee guides and, from their perspective, suggesting ways to improve the project for increased integration. The results found in this study show that the refugee guides feel a sense of satisfaction, that they find that the Refugee Guide project contributes to long-term integration and that the project has development potential. Through the interviews, there was a picture of many successful meetings across the cultural borders where respondents expressed everything from gaining new social networks in the form of friends as well as the feeling of getting a whole new family member.