In Lycia, Xanthos and its main sanctuary, the Letoon, have throughout centuries kept some very particular features which have survived intense cultural upheavals and influences both Persian and Greeks. The infrastructures and shape of the Letoon indicates that there is more to the sanctuary’s rituals and architecture than normalised Greek divinities and temples. Lycia, following the Persian invasion in the 540s, remained a remote region of the empire and benefited from an autonomous status. Nevertheless the outside contacts and cultural exchanges multiplied and intensified, especially with the Persian ruling class, but also with the Greeks who took an increasing part into the trade and artistic influence of Lycia. The most important city of the region, Xanthos was the focus of the Persian presence in Lycia but also at the spearhead of Hellenic influence in western Lycia. This underlying Greek presence became ever more pregnant under the rule of the last dynasts of Xanthos at the turn of the fourth century and under the rule of the Carian satraps under the power of whom Lycia was put in the 360s. The Hellenistic period only confirm the prior trend. To begin with, we are trying to define how the Persians had an impact on the Lycian culture and conclude that it was a great influential force but stayed somewhat limited to the higher classes of the Xanthian society. The parallel with the Greek influence is contrasting. The arrival of Greek trends was more insidious but also more widespread to the lower classes of society and lasted longer. We will conclude that none of those influences were imposed but rather chosen by the Xanthian society. We will continue by trying to understand how those cultural manifestations affected local religious beliefs. By exposing the successive evolutions of the Letoon and of the divinities residing here, we will see that the syncretic divinities of the Letoon kept a lot of their ancestral attributes and places of worship are keeping track with their sacred past. In this process we are trying to show that religion holds a peculiar place in a nation or a city’s culture. In this attempt we are concluding that religion is the most stable aspect of a local culture and is the recipient for the safeguard of a nation’s identity.

Organizational culture is a widely known concept and is something that has increasingly become a subject of importance as many argue for its relation to an organization’s overall performance and business. The idea for this study was born in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic that broke out during the year of 2020. The authors’ interest in the subject of organizational culture and the identified lack of research on the area culminated in the research question to what extent does remote work affect organizational culture? The aim with our study was to deepen our knowledge on remote work and its effects on culture because of the widespread discussion on a more flexible attitude towards it even after the COVID-19 pandemic. The theoretical framework in this study was based on a three- perspective-approach that consists of three different perspectives on how to study organizational culture. The research was based on a qualitative case study and nine semi- structured interviews were conducted. The results showed that organizational culture has been affected by remote work to some extent. The authors suggest future research on the subject with a similar study, but at a later point in time to be able to conclude the more long term and permanent effects of remote work on organizational culture.

Esta dissertação trata exatamente da possibilidade de investigar, com os efeitos das mudanças tecnológicas, econômicas e culturais pelas quais o mundo vem passando, a possibilidade dos meios de comunicação, em particular a comunicação radiofônica, de viabilizar o uso de sua potencialidade para difusão dos movimentos de cultura popular, em especial o cururu, repente do interior paulista. Buscou-se também entender a influência dessas mudanças no cururu, pois nota-se que este vem modificando suas características para resistir diante desse desenvolvimento nos meios de comunicação de massa. O estudo em questão aborda a importância da preservação da cultura local nas emissoras de rádio da cidade de Piracicaba, localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo. Em suas considerações finais, o estudo apresenta dados indicadores do quanto as rádios e os cururueiros da cidade respondem a essas questões, e sugere ações para que as emissoras exerçam seu papel junto aos grupos sociais organizadores, de contribuir com a difusão desta manifestação cultural. / This dissertation signs the possibility of investigating - with the effect of the technological, economic and cultural changes in the world and in mass communication, in particular on radio broadcasting - how to use radios potentiality for the diffusion of popular culture movements, in special the tradition of cururu, a kind of country music free style battle from São Paulos countryside. It also search to understand how these changes influenced cururu itself, as it has been modifying its characteristics to resist in face of the development of the mass medias. This study shows the importance of the preservation of the local culture by the radio stations of Piracicaba city, located in the interior of São Paulo State. In its final consideration, the study presents data indicating where the local radio stations and cururueiros (a person who performs the cururu) stands about this matter. It also points out ways mutual cooperation and how the radios stations can play a leading role in the spread of this popular culture.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The manifestations of rurality constitute the subject of this research work believing that these typically rural transformations, have lately been the main element responsible for closer relations between rural and urban areas. Characteristics considered as typical of the rural area are sometimes found in small towns. In these localities, a significant historical and cultural presence can be understood through attachment to traditions, brought into evidence by the social relations of the population, the eating habits, the festive gastronomic events and the local economic activities. The set of these elements represents the social identity of the community and reproduces the way of life, and is shown in different ways in the eyes of visitors. The selected region was the Fourth Colony , constituted by Italian immigrants, more specifically the county of Faxinal do Soturno, in Rio Grande do Sul State. The aim was to determine their historical and cultural traits which constitute rurality and its manifestations, like touristic and pro-touristic activities present and responsible for the promotion of local development. The study adopted a systemic methodology, which was the basis for guiding the research work, allowing a multidisciplinary approach of the proposed problematic to analyze family farming under the new rural view. The results obtained showed that the traditional festivities of the Italian colonial culture kept alive by the descendants, who rescue the traditions, symbols and representations still present in the daily life of local communities within the municipality. / As manifestações da ruralidade se constituem no tema de investigação do trabalho, por acreditar que estas transformações, tipicamente rurais, têm sido, nos últimos tempos, o principal elemento responsável pelo estreitamento das relações do meio rural com o meio urbano. Características tidas como típicas do rural, por vezes são encontradas em pequenas cidades. Nelas, uma significativa presença histórico-cultural pode ser traduzida através do apego às tradições, evidenciadas nas relações sociais da população, nas manifestações festivas, no hábito alimentar, na gastronomia e nas atividades econômicas locais. O conjunto destes elementos representa a identidade social da comunidade reproduz o modo de vida se apresentando diferente aos olhos dos visitantes. A região selecionada é a Quarta Colônia de Imigração Italiana, especificamente o município de Faxinal do Soturno, RS. E o objetivo é entender os traços históricos e culturais que constituem a ruralidade e suas manifestações, como atividades turísticas e pró-turísticas, presentes e promotoras de desenvolvimento local. O estudo emprega a metodologia sistêmica, que serve como base para orientar a investigação do trabalho, permitindo uma abordagem multidisciplinar da problemática proposta para a análise da agricultura familiar na visão do novo rural. Como principais resultados tem-se que as festividades tradicionais da cultura colonial italiana, mantidas pelos descendentes, permitem o resgate das tradições, pela sua simbologia e pelas representações ainda vivas no cotidiano das comunidades no interior do município. Estas festividades estimulam o turismo rural que, com suas implicações, promove o progresso da região, atraindo investimentos e possibilitando a diversificação de atividades.

Esta dissertação trata exatamente da possibilidade de investigar, com os efeitos das mudanças tecnológicas, econômicas e culturais pelas quais o mundo vem passando, a possibilidade dos meios de comunicação, em particular a comunicação radiofônica, de viabilizar o uso de sua potencialidade para difusão dos movimentos de cultura popular, em especial o cururu, repente do interior paulista. Buscou-se também entender a influência dessas mudanças no cururu, pois nota-se que este vem modificando suas características para resistir diante desse desenvolvimento nos meios de comunicação de massa. O estudo em questão aborda a importância da preservação da cultura local nas emissoras de rádio da cidade de Piracicaba, localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo. Em suas considerações finais, o estudo apresenta dados indicadores do quanto as rádios e os cururueiros da cidade respondem a essas questões, e sugere ações para que as emissoras exerçam seu papel junto aos grupos sociais organizadores, de contribuir com a difusão desta manifestação cultural. / This dissertation signs the possibility of investigating - with the effect of the technological, economic and cultural changes in the world and in mass communication, in particular on radio broadcasting - how to use radios potentiality for the diffusion of popular culture movements, in special the tradition of cururu, a kind of country music free style battle from São Paulos countryside. It also search to understand how these changes influenced cururu itself, as it has been modifying its characteristics to resist in face of the development of the mass medias. This study shows the importance of the preservation of the local culture by the radio stations of Piracicaba city, located in the interior of São Paulo State. In its final consideration, the study presents data indicating where the local radio stations and cururueiros (a person who performs the cururu) stands about this matter. It also points out ways mutual cooperation and how the radios stations can play a leading role in the spread of this popular culture.

This work had the purpose of analyzing, in the context of Cultural Geography, the territories of the Maracatus that manifest themselves in Brejão village, belonging to the municipality of Brejo Grande and located near the mouth of the São Francisco River in Sergipe. As cultural and symbolic manifestations we tried to analyze which elements contribute to the construction and formation of merrymakings in the village. For comprehension and analysis of the popular manifestations under study, the categories space and territory were adopted for the apprehension of territorialities and, methodologically, the qualitative approach, developed by a set of procedures: documentary research in academic texts, reports, websites and censuses; interviews with the Maracatu players and with the population; workshop with students from 10 to 29 years old of the village State School, and participant research with the Maracatu Nação Puerto Rico (MNPR) in Recife city before and after the carnival of 2016. To understand the origins of the Maracatus, we used historical texts on the African Diaspora and the work, religious and festive daily life of Africans, in order to understand the syncretism between the candomblé and the catholic religion, but especially today, the links between catholic festivities and the manifestation of Maracatu groups. The realization of the workshop made possible the identification of the cultural expressions existing in the village, among them, those that give identity support, emphasizing the Maracatu as one of the place references. From the interviews with the players, it can be seen that the Maracatus of Brejão manifest themselves in the moments of 'time off'; they have the same family origin and play with the formation of relatives and aggregates. The history of Maracatu as a popular manifestation of blacks is confused with the history of the village that, although formed in the XIX century, is inserted in a region which since the XVIII century has recorded the formation of quilombos. Through orality, until 2006 there was only the Maracatu Patrocínio do Brejão (MPB) in the village, originated from Mestre Plácido formation and led by his niece Mestre Lila since 1940. With the insertion of Brejão village in the Quilombola Brejão dos Negros, created by the Federal government, there was a schism in the merrymaking and Mestre Adalto, a MPB player creates the Maracatu Raízes do Quilombo (MRQ), distinguishing, in origin, as a formation that supports the movement to incorporate the village as a quilombo. Both are manifested as the MNPR because they are already disassociated from the popular processions of the Christmas cycle, for keeping elements of the court and the drums in the sense of joke, but they are distinct because they do not associate the formation with candomblé rituals. It was observed singular elements in the sense of play, in the formation of the territories and in the practices of the studied Maracatus, both, cultural reference of the village, being it Brejão or Brejão dos Negros. / Este trabalho se propôs a analisar, no contexto da Geografia Cultural, os territórios dos Maracatus que se manifestam no povoado Brejão, pertencente ao município de Brejo Grande e situado próximo à foz do Rio São Francisco, em Sergipe. Como manifestações culturais e simbólicas buscou-se analisar quais elementos contribuem para a construção e formação dos folguedos no povoado. Para compreensão e análise das manifestações populares em estudo foram adotadas as categorias espaço e território para a apreensão das territorialidades e, metodologicamente, a abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida por um conjunto de procedimentos: pesquisa documental em textos acadêmicos, relatórios, sites e censos; entrevistas com os brincantes dos Maracatus e com a população; oficina com estudantes de 10 a 29 anos da Escola Estadual do povoado e, pesquisa participante junto ao Maracatu Nação Porto Rico (MNPR) na cidade do Recife antes e durante o carnaval de 2016. Para entender as origens dos Maracatus, recorreu-se a textos históricos sobre a diáspora africana e o cotidiano laboral, religioso e festivo dos africanos de forma a compreender a interface entre o candomblé e a religião católica, mas, sobretudo, na atualidade, os vínculos entre as festividades católicas e a manifestação dos grupos de Maracatu. A realização da oficina possibilitou a identificação das expressões culturais existentes no povoado, dentre elas, as que dão sustentação identitária, ressaltando o Maracatu como uma das referências do lugar. Das entrevistas com os brincantes, pode-se apreender que os Maracatus do Brejão se manifestam, nos momentos de 'folga' do trabalho; têm a mesma origem familiar e brincam com formação de parentes e agregados. A história do Maracatu como manifestação popular de negros se confunde com a história do povoado que, embora formado no século XIX, se insere numa região que desde o século XVIII registra a formação de quilombos. Pela oralidade, até o ano de 2006 existia no povoado apenas o Maracatu Patrocínio do Brejão (MPB), originário da formação do Mestre Plácido e conduzido por sua sobrinha Mestre Lila desde 1940. Com a inserção do povoado Brejão no Território Quilombola Brejão dos Negros criado pelo governo Federal ocorreu um cisma no folguedo e o Mestre Adalto, brincante do MPB, cria o Maracatu Raízes do Quilombo (MRQ), distinguindo, na origem, por ser uma formação que apoia o movimento de incorporação do povoado como quilombo. Ambos se manifestam como o MNPR por já estarem dissociados dos cortejos populares do ciclo natalino, por manterem elementos da corte e os tambores no sentido da brincadeira, porém, são distintos por não associarem a formação aos rituais do candomblé. Foram observados elementos singulares no sentido de brincar, na formação dos territórios e nas práticas dos Maracatus estudados, ambos, referência cultural do povoado, seja ele Brejão ou Brejão dos Negros. / São Cristóvão, SE

L'objectif général de cette thèse est d'identifier l'influence des manifestations de la culture de l'organisation, en matière de valeurs et de pratiques organisationnelles, ainsi que de l'identité professionnelle et organisationnelle sur la performance professionnelle par les compétences, c'est-à-dire la performance compétente, au sein de la police. 916 policiers militaires du District Fédéral de tous les niveaux hiérarchiques ont participé à cette recherche. Des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires ont été utilisées pour vérifier les évidences de la validité des mesures des constructions qui composent le modèle théorique. Les résultats trouvés suggèrent que les variables antécédentes (valeurs organisationnelles, pratiques organisationnelles, identité professionnelle et identité organisationnelle) permettent de faire des prédictions quant à la performance professionnelle. Aussi bien l'identité organisationnelle que l'identité professionnelle ont permis de faire une médiation (médiation simple et en chaîne) entre les dimensions sous-jacentes aux valeurs et aux pratiques organisationnelles et la performance au travail. Les pratiques organisationnelles ont plus de pouvoir de prédiction que les types de motivations par rapport à la performance professionnelle. Le test des modèles généraux et des modèles détaillés (modèles concurrents) a démontré que les constructions du modèle étaient stables et invariantes, ce qui permet leur utilisation dans différents contextes. Enfin, des limitations de recherche ont été montrées, leurs implications sont d'ordre théorique, méthodologique et de gestion, ce qui demande la mise en place de nouvelles recherches. / The purpose of this research was to identify and describe the influence of the manifestations of the culture, represented in this work by organizational values and practices, organizational and professional identity regarding the professional performance competencies of the professional in his service as a policeman. In total, 916 military police officers from Distrito Federal of all hierarchical levels of the police organization were questioned about organizational values, organizational practices, professional identity, organizational identity and professional performance competencies. The scales were tested using exploratory factorial analysis and confirmatory factorial analysis in order to validate the theoretical model using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that the variables of organizational values, organizational practices, professional identity and organizational identity can predict professional performance competencies. Organizational identity and professional identity have mediated (simple mediation and chain mediation) the relation between subjacent dimensions of values and organizational practices regarding performance at work. The organizational practices have predicted the professional performance competencies better than the organizational values subtypes. The tests of the general model and the parsimonious models (concurrent models) have demonstrated the stability and the invariance of the constructs of the model, indicating their usability in other contexts. After the conclusion are proposed the research limitations, theoretical, methodological and managerial implications, as well as an agenda to attend the gaps of the research.