The concepts of translation and culture as well as the change in the perception towards these phenomena are revealed in the theoretical part of this study. As Indian cultural phenomena are the subject of the work, the notion of cultural realia, different their classifications and possible translation procedures are also supplied. It was noticed that cultural realia comprise not only linguistic aspects in ‘translating’ different cultures but non-linguistic elements as well, therefore, cultural phenomena becomes the more adequate definition. In the empirical part of the study, the novels of Salman Rushdie and their translations are analysed in order to investigate how Indian cultural phenomena are translated into Lithuanian. The results obviously proved that translation procedures of naturalization and notes, additions, glosses are the most frequently applied. Though numerous Indian cultural phenomena have been rendered with explanations for the readers, there are more cases where additional information would be appreciable in the translations of Rushdie’s works. / Teorinėje šio darbo dalyje aptariamos vertimo bei kultūros sąvokos, atskleidžiama, kaip kito požiūris į šiuos reiškinius laikui bėgant. Kadangi darbo objektas – indų kultūros reiškiniai, darbe apibrėžiama kultūrinių realijų, su kuriomis gana ilgai buvo siejama vertimo mokslų problema, sąvoka, pateikiamos skirtingos jų klasifikacijos bei galimos vertimo procedūros. Pastebėta, kad vertimo procese kultūrinės realijos neapsiriboja vien lingvistiniais aspektais, todėl tikslesnis tampa “kultūrinių reiškinių” pavadinimas. Empirinėje šio darbo dalyje nagrinėjami Salman Rushdie romanai ir jų vertimai. Analizės metu stebima, kaip šie indų kultūros reiškiniai verčiami į lietuvių kalbą. Gauti rezultatai akivaizdžiai parodo, jog daugiausia surinktų pavyzdžių vertimo metu buvo tiesiog perkelti, pritaikant lietuvių kalbos rašybos taisykles ir/arba pasitelkiant papildomą informaciją, pastabas ar išnašas pačiame tekste, puslapio apačioje ar specialiuose aiškinamuosiuose straipsniuose knygos gale. Nors daugelis šiuose romanuose rastų indų kultūros reiškinių į lietuvių kalbą perteikti su paaiškinimais, tačiau pastebėta nemažai atvejų, kurie nebuvo paaiškinti arba kuriuos vertėtų paaiškinti plačiau.

The subject of this project is an analysis of the perception of postgraduate students of "Outdoor Environmental Education and Outdoor Life Master Program" regarding the concept of "Outdoor Education". The perceptions are introduced and elaborated through interviews with nine Master students from September 2013 till June 2014. One by one, the qualitative data is phenomenologically analyzed and interpretation of the findings are demonstrated to the reader. At the end of this study, five different themes, which have been obtained during this study, are presented. These themes are: the benefits of outdoor education; the practicality of outdoor education, the effects of outdoor education and issues within outdoor education. I argue how perspectives of international students vary depending on their culture.

Based on thirteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in a large research hospital in the U.S., this dissertation analyzes the experiences of eighty American women seeking relief for chronic genital pain. Through extended interviews with diagnosed women, and participant-observation in a vulvar speciality clinic, I investigate the barriers--linguistic, cultural and corporeal--faced by patients who must engender greater familiarity and comfort with their sexual and genital bodies in order to successfully recover from their symptoms. Written as a cultural analysis of the vulva, the dissertation examines the ambivalent relationships between female external genitalia, U.S. dominant culture, and an autonomous female sexuality. Attentive to the transgression, confusion and disorder evoked by the symptoms of vulvar pain, the dissertation redefines the clinical diagnostic phrase "other causes of genital discomfort" in sociolcultural terms. The concepts of "genital dis-ease" and "unwanted genital experience" are introduced and analyzed as corporeo-cultural phenomena that contribute to a profound sense of alienation between many diagnosed women and their genital bodies. In addition to an extended introduction and a description of both the clinical fieldsite and conditions under investigation, the dissertation uses four progressive chapters--Accumulation, Manifestation, Integration and Generation--to theorize the lived experience of vulvar pain. Through a critical dialogue with current clinical literature, through which vulvar pain is understood in increasingly physiological terms, the dissertation argues that an acknowledgment of collective and cultural genital "discomfort" must be included in the emerging diagnostic and treatment regimens for women with chronic and unexplained genital pain. / text

後殖民主義一般是指在第二次世界大戰後所產生的殖民主義研究，在前被殖民國家紛紛獨立的背景下，後殖民主義作為一種獨特的文化批評理論，崛起於全球化時代的人文學科領域。在諸多後殖民文化類型之中，雷鬼音樂源自加勒比海地區，被定位為世界音樂的一支，其發展的歷史及地理因素，與前被殖民國及宗主國之間的文化現象交互影響。本研究以歐洲雷鬼樂發展最為盛行的英法兩國為例，用後殖民主義闡述前英屬與法屬國家中特有的雷鬼文化現象，試圖探究該文化背後的關注議題並據此歸納結論。

No abstract available / Religious Studies / M.A. (Religious Studies)

No abstract available / Religious Studies / M.A. (Religious Studies)