Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 128 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-115).

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-09T13:01:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Petrusca Messias Gomes Silva.pdf: 2418019 bytes, checksum: e28498f0a06ede183d529fba3311e255 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-09T13:01:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Petrusca Messias Gomes Silva.pdf: 2418019 bytes, checksum: e28498f0a06ede183d529fba3311e255 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-11 / Due to the recent growth in the country segment of cut flowers, is of interest to verify trade flows in this sector between the economic blocs and discuss the competitiveness and economic transformations of Brazil. Thus, this study evaluates the trade of cut flowers in Brazil among the countries of MERCOSUR and the EU, which carry significant international transactions. However, the effects of economic and financial crisis of 2008/2009 reduced these business transactions of cut flowers in Brazil among its trading partners. The research was divided into several stages, which allowed to evaluate the effectiveness and competitive potential of Brazilian trade of cut flowers within and outside blocs. Also, if you did an analysis of factors affecting the competitiveness through product quality, production technology, processing conditions and post-harvest and storage conditions and distribution, species roses, chrysanthemums, gerberas, anthuriums and heliconias in the region of the Maciço do Baturité-CE and the region of Holambra - SP. The results obtained for the Competitiveness Index Revealed the cut flower industry of Brazil does not have competitive advantage in relation to the EU market and Brazil has not had good performance in MERCOSUR trade in cut flowers. However, the analysis of competitiveness through indicators shows that are notable efforts in the country to achieve a better competitive position in foreign markets. / Devido o crescimento recente no país do segmento de flores de corte, é de interesse verificar os fluxos comerciais deste setor entre os blocos econômicos e discutir as transformações econômicas e a competitividade do Brasil. Diante disso, este trabalho avalia os fluxos comerciais de flores de corte brasileiras entre os países do MERCOSUL e UE, que realizam transações internacionais significativas. Contudo, os efeitos da crise econômica e financeira de 2008/2009 reduziram essas transações comerciais de flores de corte brasileiras entre seus parceiros comerciais. A pesquisa foi dividida em várias etapas, o que permitiu avaliar a efetividade competitiva e o potencial do comércio brasileiro de flores de corte intra e extra blocos econômicos. Além disso, se fez uma análise dos fatores condicionantes da competitividade, através da qualidade do produto, tecnologia de produção, condições de tratamento e pós-colheita e, condições de armazenagem e distribuição, com as espécies rosas, crisântemos, gérberas, antúrios e, helicônias na região do Maciço de Baturité-CE e na região de Holambra-SP. Pelos resultados obtidos, para o Índice de Competitividade Revelada o setor de flores de corte brasileiro ainda não possui vantagem competitiva em relação ao mercado da UE e o Brasil não teve bom desempenho no MERCOSUL com o comércio de flores de corte. Porém, a análise da competitividade através de indicadores mostra que são notáveis os esforços no país para obtenção de uma melhor posição competitiva no mercado externo.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Ornamental Horticulture))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Quality of certain Leucospermum and Leucadendron cultivars after approximately 21 days shipping has been reported to be substandard due to ‘drying out’ of leaves and, in the case of Leucadendrons, involucral leaves. The nature of the symptoms of this ‘drying out’ and the conditions under which they form, viz. long exposures to low temperatures, has led us to hypothesize that these are symptoms of chilling injury (CI). Chilling injury, as far as we are aware, has not been documented on Leucospermums or Leucadendrons. Typical CI symptomology is discussed and shown for Leucospermum ‘Gold Dust’, ‘High Gold’ and ‘Succession’ and for Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ and ‘Safari Sunset’. The nature of CI symptoms for Leucospermums and Leucadendrons was generally membranous breakdown that manifested in some cases as a ‘water soaked’ appearance which, at a more advanced stage, was generally visible as ‘dried out’ patches on the leaves. In the case of the Leucadendrons CI was also visible on the immature involucral leaves which are more sensitive to chilling conditions than mature leaves. Dark discoloration of especially immature involucral leaves is also a symptom of CI. As water uptake of shoots with chilling injury is hindered the styles of the Leucospermums wilt. As can be expected, the lower the temperature below the threshold temperature and the longer the exposure the more severe the symptoms. CI was recorded on cut flower shoots of Leucospermum ‘Gold Dust’, ‘High Gold’, ‘Rigoletto’, ‘Succession’ and ‘Vlam’ after 21 and 24 days storage at 1ºC. After 24 days storage the chilling injury was more severe than after 21 days storage in most cases. Each cultivar was pulsed with 5 ml per stem of a 2% (w/v) sugar solution of either lactulose, sucrose, glucose, fructose or mannose before storage. After storage, CI was recorded on day 0, 3, 7 and 10 of the vase phase. Of the cultivars tested ‘Vlam’ and especially ‘Rigoletto’ were more prone to chilling injury development. ‘High Gold’ and ‘Vlam’ shoots were pulsed with 0 (control), 1.5, 3 or 4% (w/v) solutions of either mannose or fructose. The best control of CI for both cultivars was achieved with 1.5% (w/v) solution. Lower concentrations of mannose and fructose were tested on ‘High Gold’ shoots, with a 1% (w/v) solution giving the best control for both. At high concentrations signs of toxicity became evident directly after pulsing. ‘High Gold’ shoots were pulsed with 1% (w/v) solutions of mannose and fructose and sugar analyses were performed on shoots at different stages of storage and after 10 days in the vase. A slight increase in mannose and fructose was detectable in the stems of the shoots directly after pulsing but not in the leaves or the inflorescences. This is due to the low concentrations being used. The levels of all the carbohydrates decreased during the 21 days storage and more so during the vase phase of the flowering shoots. The fact that such low concentrations were effective in controlling chilling injury suggests that the sugars may have an effect other than on the osmotic potential. Cut ‘flower’ shoots of Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ and ‘Safari Sunset’ were stored for 14, 21 and 28 days, at 1º, 3º and 5ºC and CI development recorded during the subsequent 10 day vase phase. ‘Laurel Yellow’ and ‘Safari Sunset’ showed signs of chilling injury on the leaves after 28 days storage at 3ºC or lower and ‘Safari Sunset’ stored for 21 days developed chilling injury during the vase phase. Immature involucral leaves were more sensitive to chilling injury than leaves. CI increased with longer exposure times and lower storage temperatures for all three cultivars evaluated. ‘Chameleon’ was the most chilling tolerant of the cultivars up to 21 days. At 5ºC chilling injury was low irrespective of cold storage duration but longer exposures to 1º and 3ºC resulted in increased chilling injury development during the vase phase. All three cultivars were pulsed with 5 ml per stem of a 1% (w/v) solution of lactulose, sucrose, glucose, fructose or mannose and stored for 14, 21 and 28 days at 1ºC. The sugars reduced chilling injury on the leaves for ‘Safari Sunset’ when stored for 28 days and, to a lesser extent, in ‘Chameleon’. The sugars failed to reduce chilling injury of the involucral leaves of ‘Chameleon’ and ‘Laurel Yellow’ whereas there was some control especially after 28 days for ‘Safari Sunset’. In some cases the sugar pulse exacerbated chilling injury. Chilling injury generally increased rapidly after storage during the first three days in the vase and then at a lower rate for the next seven days. Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ and ‘Safari Sunset’ ‘cut flower’ shoots were pulsed with a 1% (w/v) glucose solution. Expressed on a dry weight basis, an increase in glucose concentration was not detected. The reduction in chilling injury of leaves by a sugar pulse is speculated, as for the Leucospermums, to be as a result of their presence in the apoplast and not the symplast and that their presence there protects the membranes against chilling conditions in some way. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kwaliteit van sekere Leucospermum en Leucadendron kultivars na ongeveer 21 dae verskeping is waargeneem as substandaard as gevolg van die uitdroog van blare en, in die geval van Leucadendrons, die ‘involucral’ blare. Die aard van die simptome van hierdie uitdroging en die toestande waaronder dit plaasvind nl. lang periodes van blootstelling aan lae temperature, het ons tot die hipotese gebring dat hierdie simptome van koueskade is. Sover as wat ons bewus is, is koueskade nog nie gedokumenteer op Leucospermums of Leucadendrons nie. Tipiese koueskade simptomologie word bespreek en gewys vir Leucospermum ‘Gold Dust’, ‘High Gold’ en ‘Succession’ en vir Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ en ‘Safari Sunset’. Die koueskade simptome vir Leucospermums en Leucadendrons was oor die algemeen membraan afbraak wat ‘n water deurdrenkte voorkoms tot gevolg gehad het wat in ‘n meer gevorderde stadium sigbaar was as uitgedroogde kolle op die blare. In die geval van Leucadendrons was koueskade ook sigbaar op die onvolwasse ‘involucral’ blare wat meer sensitief is vir koue toestande as volwasse blare. Donker verkleuring van veral onvolwasse ‘involucral’ blare is ook ‘n simptoom van koueskade. Aangesien wateropname van stele met koueskade verhinder word, verwelk die ‘styles’ van die Leucospermums. Soos verwag kan word hoe laer die temperature onder die drempel temperatuur en hoe langer die blootstelling, hoe meer ernstig die simptome. Koueskade is aangeteken op gesnyde blomstele van Leucospermum ‘Gold Dust’, ‘High Gold’, ‘Rigoletto’, ‘Succession’ en ‘Vlam’ na 21 en 24 dae opberging by 1°C. Na 24 dae opberging was die koueskade meer ernstig as na 21 dae opberging in meeste gevalle. Elke kultivar het 5ml per steel van ‘n 2% (g/v) suiker oplossing van laktolose, sucrose, glucose, fruktose of mannose voor opberging opgeneem. Na opberging is koueskade aangeteken op dag 0, 3, 7 en 10. Van die kultivars wat getoets is, was ‘Vlam’ en veral ‘Rigoletto’ meer geneig tot koueskade ontwikkeling. ‘High Gold’ en ‘Vlam’ stele is geplaas in oplossings van 0 (kontrole), 1.5, 3 of 4 % (g/v) oplossings van mannose of fruktose. Die beste beheer van koueskade vir beide kultivars is deur die 1.5 (g/v) oplossing behaal. Laer konsentrasies van mannose en fruktose is getoets op ‘High Gold’ stele met ‘n 1% (g/v) mannose oplossing wat die beste beheer gegee het. Met hoë konsentrasies het tekens van toksisiteit sigbaar geword direk na opneem van die oplossing. ‘High Gold’ stele is geplaas in 1% (g/v) oplossings van mannose of fruktose en suiker analises is uitgevoer op stele by verskillende stadiums van opberging en na 10 dae in die vaas. ‘n Effense toename in mannose en fruktose is waargeneem in die stele van die blomme direk na opname van die oplossing, maar nie in die blare of die blomme nie. Dit is as gevolg van die lae konsentrasies wat gebruik is. Die vlakke van al die koolhidrate het afgeneem gedurende die 21 dae opberging en nog meer so gedurende die vaas periode van die blommende stele. Die feit dat sulke lae konsentrasies effektief is in die beheer van koueskade dui daarop dat die suikers ‘n effek het anders as op die osmotiese potensiaal. Snyblomme van Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ en ‘Safari Sunset’ is opgeberg vir 14, 21 en 28 dae, by 1º, 3º en 5°C en koueskade ontwikkeling is aangeteken gedurende die opvolgende 10 dae vaas periode. ‘Laurel Yellow’ en ‘Safari Sunset’ het tekens gewys van koueskade op die blare na 28 dae opberging by 3°C of laer en ‘Safari Sunset’ opgeberg vir 21 dae het koueskade ontwikkel gedurende die vaas periode. Onvolwasse ‘involucral’ blare was meer sensitief vir koueskade as die blare. Koueskade het toegeneem met langer blootstellingstye en laer opbergins temperature vir al drie kultivars geëvalueer. ‘Chameleon’ was die mees koueverdraagsaam van die drie kultivars tot op 21 dae. By 5°C was laag ongeag van die koue opberging tydperk, maar langer blootstellings aan 1º en 3°C het gelei tot toename in koueskade ontwikkeling gedurende die vaas periode. Al drie kultivars is voorsien met 5ml per steel van ‘n 1% (g/v) oplossing van lactulose, sucrose, glucose, fruktose of mannose en opgeberg vir 14, 21 en 28 dae by 1°C. Die suikers het koueskade verminder op die blare van ‘Safari Sunset’ wanneer opgeberg vir 28 dae en, tot ‘n mindere mate, in ‘Chameleon’. Die suikers het egter nie koueskade verminder van die ‘involucral’ blare van ‘Chameleon’ en ‘Laurel Yellow’ nie, waar daar egter wel in ‘n mate beheer was veral na 28 dae vir ‘Safari Sunset’. In sommige gevalle het die voorsiening van suiker die koueskade vererger. Koueskade het oor die algemeen vinnig toegeneem na opberging gedurende die eerste drie dae in die vaas en dan teen ‘n laer tempo vir die volgende sewe dae. Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ en ‘Safari Sunset’ snyblom stele is voorsien van ‘n 1% (g/v) glukose oplossing. Uitgedruk op ‘n droëmassa basis is ‘n toename in glukose konsentrasie nie waargeneem nie. Die afname in koueskade van blare deur die voorsiening van ‘n suiker oplossing is gespekuleer vir die Leucospermums, om ‘n resultaat te wees van hulle teenwoordigheid in die apoplas en nie die simplas nie, en dat die teenwoordigheid daar die membrane op ‘n manier beskerm teen koue toestande.

A busca por novas tecnologias de produção de flores e plantas ornamentais em ambiente protegido, que resultem no aumento da eficiência do uso da estrutura produtiva com incremento de produção e da qualidade, evolui constantemente. Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos dos diferentes telados de sombreamento (30%) vermelho e azul sobre o cultivo de três variedades de Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum), variedade de flor rosa (Flare Deep Rosa), flor branca (Allemande White Bl) e de flor roxa (Echo Blue Bl), em relação ao crescimento da planta, desenvolvimento da cultura, coloração e pigmentação de folhas e pétalas. O tratamento controle, denominado telado controle foi conduzido sob cobertura de plástico transparente comum em produções comerciais. Com os resultados analisados estatisticamente, o telado vermelho obteve melhores resultados, com diferença significativa dos demais telados, para altura de plantas, comprimento de par de folha (expansão foliar), maiores teores de clorofila a e b, clorofila total e carotenoides, o telado controle se destacou por plantas com maiores teores de antocianina nas pétalas e o telado azul, com diferença signicativa dos demais, com piores resultados para concentrações de carotenoides, massa de haste colhida, número médio de botões por haste, menor diâmetro de haste ao longo do cultivo e na colheita, menor comprimento de par de folha e quanto a colheita que em comparação aos demais tratamentos esteve atrasada em 10 dias. / The search for new technologies for flower and ornamental plants production in greenhouses that result in increased efficiency of the productive structure use, to increase production and quality is constantly evolving. This study aimed to analyze the effects of different shading nets (30%) red and blue on the cultivation of three varieties of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum), variety of rose flower (Flare Deep Rose), white flower (Allemande White Bl) and purple flower (Echo Blue Bl) regarding to plant growth, development of culture and coloring and pigmentation of leaves and petals. The control treatment, called net control was conducted under a common transparent plastic cover used in commercial productions. The results of the statistical analysis demonstrated that, red net had better results, with significant difference between the other treatments, for plant height, lenght of pair of leaves (leaf expansion), higher content of chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, net control is highlighted by plants with higher levels of anthocyanins in the petals and blue net, with signficant difference from the others, with worse results for carotenoids concentrations, stem weight, average number of buds per stem, thinner rod along the cultivation and harvesting, the lower length of pair of leaves and harvest as compared to other treatments was delayed by 10 days.

A busca por novas tecnologias de produção de flores e plantas ornamentais em ambiente protegido, que resultem no aumento da eficiência do uso da estrutura produtiva com incremento de produção e da qualidade, evolui constantemente. Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos dos diferentes telados de sombreamento (30%) vermelho e azul sobre o cultivo de três variedades de Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum), variedade de flor rosa (Flare Deep Rosa), flor branca (Allemande White Bl) e de flor roxa (Echo Blue Bl), em relação ao crescimento da planta, desenvolvimento da cultura, coloração e pigmentação de folhas e pétalas. O tratamento controle, denominado telado controle foi conduzido sob cobertura de plástico transparente comum em produções comerciais. Com os resultados analisados estatisticamente, o telado vermelho obteve melhores resultados, com diferença significativa dos demais telados, para altura de plantas, comprimento de par de folha (expansão foliar), maiores teores de clorofila a e b, clorofila total e carotenoides, o telado controle se destacou por plantas com maiores teores de antocianina nas pétalas e o telado azul, com diferença signicativa dos demais, com piores resultados para concentrações de carotenoides, massa de haste colhida, número médio de botões por haste, menor diâmetro de haste ao longo do cultivo e na colheita, menor comprimento de par de folha e quanto a colheita que em comparação aos demais tratamentos esteve atrasada em 10 dias. / The search for new technologies for flower and ornamental plants production in greenhouses that result in increased efficiency of the productive structure use, to increase production and quality is constantly evolving. This study aimed to analyze the effects of different shading nets (30%) red and blue on the cultivation of three varieties of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum), variety of rose flower (Flare Deep Rose), white flower (Allemande White Bl) and purple flower (Echo Blue Bl) regarding to plant growth, development of culture and coloring and pigmentation of leaves and petals. The control treatment, called net control was conducted under a common transparent plastic cover used in commercial productions. The results of the statistical analysis demonstrated that, red net had better results, with significant difference between the other treatments, for plant height, lenght of pair of leaves (leaf expansion), higher content of chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, net control is highlighted by plants with higher levels of anthocyanins in the petals and blue net, with signficant difference from the others, with worse results for carotenoids concentrations, stem weight, average number of buds per stem, thinner rod along the cultivation and harvesting, the lower length of pair of leaves and harvest as compared to other treatments was delayed by 10 days.

Im Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2011 wurden jährlich über 140 Stauden sowie weitere 120 Staudenarten aus Zwiebeln und Knollen als Schnittblume aus dem Freiland getestet. Ergebnis ist ein 77 Arten umfassendes Sortiment von Stauden mit guten Anbaueigenschaften und Stielqualitäten, die für den zeitigen Absatz bis Ende Juni empfohlen werden. Das Empfehlungssortiment an Schnittstauden aus Zwiebeln und Knollen umfasst 73 Kulturen. Die vorgestellten »Pillnitzer Wochensträuße« verdeutlichen die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten, ab Mitte April ohne Verfrühungsmaßnahmen Schnittblumen von Stauden im Freiland zu erzeugen. Beispielrechnungen zeigen, dass sich mit Schnittstauden im Freilandanbau gute Erlöse erzielen lassen. Investitionen und Energiekosten fallen nicht an bzw. sind gering.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2010. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Protea cut flowers are exported worldwide but the vase life of some species and cultivars is considerably shortened by post-harvest leaf blackening. Research has established carbohydrate depletion to be positively correlated with this disorder. Consequently, a study had been made of the carbohydrate status of various species and cultivars, as well as the effect of supplemental glucose (pre and post-storage) on leaf blackening. Glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch concentrations of various Protea species and cultivars held in water were measured at harvest, and again at leaf blackening initiation. All measured carbohydrates declined significantly in 'Carnival', 'Pink Ice' and 'Sheila'. In 'Cardinal' all carbohydrate concentrations decreased significantly, except the sucrose concentration in the inflorescence. 'Susara' and 'Ivy' had very high initial carbohydrate concentrations in the leaves which decreased significantly. The very high initial carbohydrate concentrations in the inflorescence of 'Ivy' declined significantly. 'Brenda' differed from the other cultivars and species in that glucose concentrations increased over time. Carbohydrate concentrations of most of the tested proteas declined significantly from harvest to the initiation of leaf blackening. This highlighted the dependence of the leaves and inflorescence on the carbohydrate reserves, further substantiating the carbohydrate depletion theory. The inflorescences were characterized by high fructose and glucose concentrations and low sucrose concentrations when compared to the leaves. It was hypothesized that glucose pulsing and cold storage at 1°C for three weeks would significantly reduce leaf blackening. 'Brenda', 'Cardinal', 'Carnival', 'Pink Ice', 'Susara ' and 'Sylvia' had significantly less leaf blackening with glucose treatments of 4 and 10%. Leaf blackening of 'Sheila', P. cynaroides and P. grandiceps was not significantly reduced by glucose pulsing. P. magnifica showed a small, but significant, reduction in leaf blackening in response to the 3, 6 and 9% treatments after 10 days only, but despite this, leaf blackening was unacceptably high. 'Pink Ice' harvested at the soft tip stage had less leaf blackening than those harvested open or closed. Toxicity symptoms on the leaves, and in some instances flowers, were observed at higher glucose concentrations (8 and 10%) onP. grandiceps, P. cynaroides, 'Cardinal' and 'Sheila'. All glucose treatments resulted in toxicity symptoms on P. magnifica. A decrease in nonstructural carbohydrates post-harvest apparently occurs in all proteas but it appears that only members of the Ligulatae respond to glucose. Glucose pulsing followed by cold storage at 1°C for three weeks in combination with post-storage glucose vase solutions, significantly reduced leaf blackening of some Protea cultivars. Glucose (1 and 2%), with hypochlorite, significantly delayed leaf blackening in 'Cardinal' and 'Sylvia' after seven days. Leaf blackening of 'Brenda', 'Carnival', 'Pink Ice' and 'Susara' was not significantly reduced by the glucose vase solutions. Other disinfectants, in combination with the sugar treatments, need to be evaluated since the hypochlorite treatment had a dehydrating effect on all the cultivars and resulted in increased leaf blackening. Carbohydrate supplementation of protea flowers with glucose, pre and post-storage, will help meet the post-harvest carbohydrate requirements of certain Protea cultivars and species to an extent. Glucose treatments must be seen in conjunction with maintaining the cold chain and when combined with cold chain maintenance, can extend the storage and vase life. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Protea snyblomme word wêreldwyd uitgevoer alhoewel die vaasleeftyd van sommige spesies en kultivars beduidend verkort word deur na-oes loof verbruining. Navorsing het koolhidraatverbruik positief gekorreleer met hierdie probleem. Gevolglik is 'n studie gemaak van die koolhidraatstatus van verskeie spesies en kultivars asook die effek van addisionele glukose (voor en na opberging) op loofverbruining. Glukose, fruktose, sukrose en stysel konsentrasies van verskeie Protea spesies en kultivars wat in water gehou is, is bepaal met oes en weer met die eerste tekens van loofverbruining. Al die gemete koolhidraatkonsentrasies het beduidend afgeneem in 'Carnival', 'Pink Ice' en 'Sheila'. In 'Cardinal' het al die koolhidraatkonsentrasies beduidend afgeneem, behalwe vir die sukrosekonsentrasie in die blom. 'Susara' en 'Ivy' het baie hoë begin koolhidraatkonsentrasies in die blare wat beduidend afneem. Die baie hoë inisiële koolhidraatkonsentrasies in die blom van 'Ivy' neem beduidend af met tyd. 'Brenda' verskil van die ander kultivars en spesies deurdat die glukosekonsentrasies toeneem met tyd. Koolhidraatkonsentrasies van die meeste getoetste proteas neem beduidend af vanaf oes totdat die eerste tekens van loofverbruining verskyn. Dit het die afhanklikheid van die blare en blom op die koolhidraatreserwes beklemtoon en daardeur verder die koolhidraatteorie ondersteun. Die blomme is gekarakteriseer deur hoë fruktose- en glukosekonsentrasies en lae sukrosekonsentrasies wanneer dit met die blare vergelyk is.Die hipotese is gestel dat die voorsiening van glukose, vir 'n aantal ure, gekombineerd met koue opberging by 1°C vir drie weke loofverbruining beduidend sal verminder. 'Brenda', 'Cardinal', 'Carnival', 'Pink lee', 'Susara' en 'Sylvia' het beduidend minder loofverbruining met glukose behandelings tussen 4 en 10%. Loofverbruining van 'Sheila', P. cynaroides en P. grandiceps is nie beduidend verminder deur glukose behandelings nie. P. magnifica het 'n klein, maar beduidende verlaging in loofverbruining getoon met die 3, 6 en 9% behandelings na 10 dae, maar ten spyte hiervan was loofverbruining onaanvaarbaar hoog. 'Pink lee' is geoes by die sagte punt stadium en het minder loofverbruining gehad as blomme wat oop of toe geoes is. Toksisiteitsimptome op die blare, en in sommige gevalle blomme, is waargeneem met hoër glukose konsentrasies (8 en 10%) op P. grandiceps, P. cynaroides, 'Cardinal' en 'Sheila'. Alle glukosebehandelings het toksisiteitsimptome tot gevolg gehad op P. magnifica. 'n Afname in nie-strukturele koolhidrate na oes kom waarskynlik voor in alle proteas maar dit wil voorkom of slegs lede van die Ligulatae positief reageer op glukose. Glukosebehandeling gevolg deur koue opberging by 1°C vir drie weke in kombinasie met na-stoor glukose vaasoplossings het loofverbruining van sommige Protea kultivars beduidend verminder. Glukose (l en 2%), saam met hipoehloriet, het loofverbruining beduidend verminder in 'Cardinal' en 'Sylvia' na sewe dae. Loofverbruining van 'Brenda', 'Carnival', 'Pink lee' en 'Susara' is nie beduidend verminder deur die glukose vaasoplossings nie. Ander ontsmettingsmiddels in kombinasie met die suikerbehandelings moet geëvalueer word aangesien die hipoehlorietbehandeling 'n dehidrerende effek op al die kultivars gehad het en 'n toename in loofverbruining tot gevolg gehad het. Byvoeging van glukose by proteablomme, voor en na opberging, sal tot 'n mate help om in die na-oes koolhidraatbehoeftes van sekere Protea kultivars en spesies te voorsien. Glukosebehandelings moet saam met die beheer van die koueketting gesien word en wanneer gekombineerd met koueketting beheer kan dit opberg en vaasleeftyd verleng.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-05-24T15:14:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio de Oliveira Medeiros.pdf: 4355082 bytes, checksum: 9df2454e7fa0648641abfc4a6744ff10 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-24T15:14:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio de Oliveira Medeiros.pdf: 4355082 bytes, checksum: 9df2454e7fa0648641abfc4a6744ff10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-25 / The development of the flower growing and ornamental plants sector has attracted researchers from many fields of knowledge, mainly for its representativeness in terms of participation and profits in the world agribusiness scenario, thus it has emerged as one of the newest and most important sectors in potential. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the envolvement of Brazilian exportations in cutflowers; a player, that, in spite of the shy participation in the global market holds the possibility of increasing its production and envolvement. After identifying the main national producers in this market sector, this research focused on explaining the competitive power of Brazilian states in the process of production, after harvest and distribution of cut-flowers and, subsequently, comparing these states with international traders in order to verify if Brazil has already achieved a high level infrastructure or if improvements are still required. We verified that the little distribution and dissemination of advanced systems as the ones found in few Brazilian states, prove that the country, dispite the existance of important production and trade centers, needs to support and difuse to other regions and all over the chain high technology – here taken as fundamental to the improvement and expansion of our envolvement in a global context. / O crescimento do setor de flores e plantas ornamentais vem despertando interesse entre os pesquisadores que atuam em diversas áreas, principalmente pela representatividade que exerce atualmente no volume e no valor negociado no agronegócio mundial, surgindo como um dos mais novos e importantes setores em potencial. Diante disso, o estudo pretendeu analisar a participação das exportações brasileiras de flores de corte com o mundo; um player, que apesar de ainda pequena participação nos valores gerados pelo comércio mundial, sua produção e sua participação tendem a aumentar. Depois de identificar os principais estados produtores nacionais nesse segmento, a pesquisa procurou explicar qual o diferencial competitivo entre esses estados nos processos de produção, pós-colheita e distribuição das flores de corte e compará-las com importantes atores internacionais, a fim de que as informações coletadas possam esclarecer se o país possui estrutura adequada ou melhorar ainda mais a já existente. O que se percebeu foi a pequena distribuição e propagação dos avançados sistemas utilizados em poucos estados brasileiros, demonstrando que o país, apesar da existência de importantes pólos de produção e comercialização, necessita ainda apoiar e propagar para outras regiões e em toda a cadeia, níveis de tecnologia de ponta fundamentais para melhorar e expandir a nossa participação no contexto mundial.