A dominância lateral para controle motor tem sido proposta ser devida a uma capacidade superior em lidar com a dinâmica do movimento com o hemisfério/lado corporal dominante. A partir desta hipótese, é esperado que o braço dominante apresente tanto trajetórias mais precisas quanto modos de coordenação mais estáveis. Além disso, tal assimetria motora deveria ser mais evidente em movimentos mais rápidos. No presente estudo foi avaliada a assimetria interlateral de desempenho na coordenação interarticular/ intramembro em movimentos realizados em diferentes frequências. Foi analisada a coordenação interarticular entre o ombro e o cotovelo do mesmo braço em uma tarefa de realizar movimentos circulares com as mãos, comparando o desempenho entre os braços dominante e não-dominante. O estudo foi realizado com 16 adultos jovens, que realizaram a tarefa em cinco frequências de movimento, variando de 40% a 100% da frequência individual máxima. Movimentos angulares das articulações foram analisados através de marcadores refletivos fixados no ombro, cotovelo e punho de ambos os braços. Os marcadores foram rastreados automaticamente por meio de um sistema optoeletrônico, com frequência de aquisição de 240 Hz, e análise em 3D. Os resultados demonstraram que o desempenho com o braço não-dominante apresentou as seguintes diferenças em comparação com o braço dominante: trajetória da mão e amplitudes angulares mais variáveis, maior participação do cotovelo, coordenação em modo antifase (braço dominante: relação de fase de aproximadamente 120º) e maior variabilidade de modo de coordenação. De forma geral, as assimetrias interlaterais foram acentuadas em frequências de movimento mais altas. Estes resultados indicam que a vantagem de desempenho com o braço dominante é devida a um modo de coordenação mais consistente e efetivo em realizar a trajetória desejada / Lateral dominance for motor control has been proposed to be due to a superior capacity to deal with motion dynamics with the dominant cerebral hemisphere/body side. From this conjecture, it is expected the dominant arm to present both an increased capacity to perform more accurate trajectories and a more stable interjoint coordination. Moreover, such motor asymmetry should be more evident in fast movements. We assessed interjoint coordination between the shoulder and the elbow on a circle drawing task, comparing performance between the dominant and the non-dominant arm. The study was conducted with 16 young adults, who performed the task on five movement frequencies, ranging from 40% to 100% of the individual maximum. Angular motion of the joints was recorded through reflective markers attached at the shoulder, elbow and wrist of both arms. Markers were tracked automatically by using an optoelectronic system, with data sampling frequency set at 240 Hz, and 3D analysis. The results showed that performance with the non-dominant arm had the following differences in comparison with the dominant arm: more variable hand trajectory and joint amplitudes, interjoint coordination in antifase (dominant arm: phase relation of approximately 120º) and increased variability in the coordination mode. Overall, interlateral asymmetries were amplified in higher movement frequencies. These results indicate that the advantage of the dominant arm resides in a more stable and effective mode of coordination in performing the desired trajectory

Abstract This research examines the relationship between the product and labor market in a situation when there is imperfect competition in the product market. The subjects studied are the existence of the mark-up factors implied by imperfect competition and their impacts on labor demand. The dependency of labor demand on the product demand is also examined. In the research the existence of the mark-up factors in Finnish companies can be verified. In addition, according to results, the mark-up factors have negative impact on labor demand. Product demand has a significant positive effect on labor demand. However, the transmission mechanism from the product demand changes to labor demand remains to some extent unsolved.

The Presented Thesis is focused on exploitation of stochastic cyclical networks in project management during project planning. Particularly, it is focused on the GERT method, which enables to carry out both the probability analysis and the time analysis of projects with stochastic structure. We deal primarily with analysis of such networks where cyclical activities occur. As an integral part of the Thesis, derivation of simplified computing procedures for cyclical activities is included. We extend the possibilities of the GERT method with stochastic evaluation of time duration of activities using the fuzzy GERT method. This fuzzy GERT method is applied on the real project and its results are compared to results of Monte Carlo simulation.

Le financement des entreprises biotechnologiques (EB) est abordé selon deux axes principaux de recherche, les contraintes financières (CFI) et les structures financières (SF). Notre objectif est d'examiner, dans une perspective internationale, l'existence de CFI et d'une SF particulière pour ce type de firmes qui appartiennent à la catégorie des entreprises technologiquement innovantes (ETI). Pour ce faire, nous scindons les pays de notre échantillon en modèles de capitalisme, avec d'un côté, les EB des pays « néo- ou ultra-libéraux » (PL) et de l'autre, « intermédiés » (PI). Ce découpage nous permet de révéler les différences « systémiques ». Par ailleurs, des considérations individuelles (caractéristiques des EB) et conjoncturelles (prise en compte du krach boursier du printemps 2000) sont intégrées en tant qu'autres déterminants des conditions de financement des EB. Il ressort de cette triple approche (structurelle, conjoncturelle et individuelle) (abordée selon les données de panel) que des différences s'observent au niveau agrégé entre PL et PI, et entre PL (hors USA et USA seuls) que ce soient dans les CFI ou les SF. Néanmoins, il semblerait que les émissions publiques d'actions soient partout très importantes en termes de CFI et de SF. Mais, en revanche, le coût du capital des EB n'est pas apparu significatif. / We approached the financing of the biotech firms (BF) according to two mainstreams of research, the financing constraints (FC) and the capital structures (CS). Our objective was to look for the existence of the FC and a particular CS for high tech firms from an international point of view. To do so, we placed the countries of our sample into models of capitalism. On the one hand, we had the BF of the “neo- or ultra-liberal” countries (LC), and on the other hand, the BF of the “intermediate” countries (IC). Comparison of the models then allowed us to observe “systemic” differences in terms of our objective. Individual factors (the characteristics of the BF) and cyclical factors (taken into account by the stock market crash of spring 2000) were integrated as other determinants of BF's financing conditions. From this triple approach (structural, cyclical and individual) it emerges (according to panel data) that some differences can be observed at the aggregated level between LC and IC, and within LC (between USA alone and USA excluded) which are in the FC or CS. Nevertheless, the data indicate that the public stock issues are very important everywhere in our sample in terms of FC and CS but that the BF's cost of capital is not significant.

Orientador: Alberto Martins Jorge / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T17:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bertone_OsvaldoHugo_M.pdf: 1638189 bytes, checksum: de96158c2363994f79a61d1d7ce1e9aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Neste trabalho é proposto um Registrador Cíclico para circuitos MVL (Multi-valued Logic) utilizando transistores NMOS e PMOS para uma configuração de quatro níveis lógicos. Este circuito usa certas características secundárias (normalmente indesejadas) dos transistores MOS. Uma particularidade deste registrador são os níveis lógicos auto-definidos com uma alta precisão. Isto permite incrementar a Lógica para mais valores, não estando limitada somente a Lógica Ternária ou Quaternária (as mais usadas em circuitos MVLs), seu uso pode ser estendido para Decimal, Hexadecimal ou mais. O Registrador Cíclico proposto, alem de armazenar um dado multi-valor com um nível de tensão preciso, ainda, fornece a saída com qualquer possível deslocamento lógico sem degradação da precisão. Este registrador permitirá o desenvolvimento de circuitos lógicos como contadores, toggle switches, shift registers, flip-flops em vários níveis, deslocamentos de valores (negação de Post), conversores D/A e A/D, etc¿ Algumas vantagens que este circuito oferece é sua alta resposta em freqüência e sua pouca dependência dos parâmetros do transistor, alcançando uma robustez comparável com os circuitos binários. Como uma aplicação deste registrador proposto é apresentado um Multiplicador Quaternário e comparado com um Multiplicador Binário utilizando a mesma tecnologia. Neste texto serão desenvolvidos os circuitos e simulados no OrCad (PSpice [01]) utilizando um modelo de transistor NMOS e outro PMOS fornecidos pela foundry AMS (Austria Micro Systems) descritos no Apêndice I. O Registrador Cíclico para circuitos MVL foi apresentado pelo autor no Congresso SUCESU 2005 no dia 31 de março de 2005 em Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Abstract: The Cyclical Register for MVL circuits (Multi-valued Logic) proposed is composed by NMOS and PMOS Transistors. This circuit uses the advantage of certain secondary characteristics (normally undesirable) of the MOS transistors. One peculiarity of this register is that the logical levels are defined by itself with a very high precision ; this, permits to increase the logic to many values. Since it is not limited to ternary or quaternary logic (more used MVLs), its use can be extended to decimal, hexadecimal and others. The proposed cyclical register, besides storing the multi-value data with precise voltage level, still, supplies the output with any possible logical shift without the degradation of precision. This register will allow the development of logical circuits as counter, toggle switch, shift register, flip-flop in several levels, shift of value, D/A and A/D converter, etc¿ Some advantages that this circuit offers is its high frequency response and its minor dependency of the parameter of the transistors, providing a robustness comparable to the current binary circuits. As an application of this proposed Register a Quaternary Multiplier is presented and compared with the Binary Multiplier with the same technology. On this paper the circuits will be developed and simulated in the OrCad (Pspice [01]), using the transistors models NMOS and PMOS supplied by foundry AMS (Austria Micro Systems) detailed in the Appendix I. The Cyclical Register for MVL circuits was presented by the author in the Congress SUCESU 2005 in March 31st, 2005 in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil / Mestrado / Microeletronica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

This thesis investigates and compares the performance and characteristics of defensive and cyclical sectors on the Swedish stock market during 2003-2020 and the financial crisis in2007-2008, taking monthly price developments from nine sectors. The purpose is to examine the differences in sector performances based on the estimations of systematic risk. Using the relationship between risk and return, we aim to find the most beneficial investment strategy for investors with a long-term investment horizon and provide knowledge to investors who may want to change investment schemes during stock market crises to protect their portfolios from risk. To determine the sectors' classifications, the beta coefficient from CAPM is used. Moreover, alpha and Sharpe ratios are used as performance measures with the aim to find evidence of differences in performance between the classifications. The results show that beta is inconstant over time, and sectors behave differently depending on their dependence to business conditions, demonstrated by different patterns in beta for the two different classifications when comparing the crisis to the full period. The empirical evidence indicates that a defensive investment strategy is beneficial when considering the relationship between risk and return.

Researchers have dedicated considerable work to explaining components to excess stock market returns. Recently, Atanasov et al. (2020) managed to explain some of this variance in the US stock markets with a cyclical consumption variable. We have applied their model into the Nordic countries and compared it to a second model containing additional control variables. From the analysis, we find that cyclical consumption is able to explain excess stock market returns across five different h-quarter ahead excess returns. However, results are not consistent across countries. The extended model improves the explanatory capabilities of the model only up to two-year ahead excess returns. The cyclical consumption measure is also able to predict excess returns better than an historical average model. The findings in this paper are robust to out-of-sample predictability analysis and to a different measure of consumption and returns.

No description available.

The thesis outlines one type of intermediality in literature, musical composition transformed into the structure of the modern novel. The theme is based on the philosophical and aesthetic ideas of the sovereign status of music within the other arts. The relationship between literature and music is described on the basis of this specific status. In the sphere of these various relations, attention is paid to the connection between musical composition and the composition of a novel (the manifestation of musical composition in a novel is named here as the musicality of literature). In the central part of the thesis there are demonstrated the possibilities of application of musical compositional devices in a novel through an analysis of three works (The Counterfeiters by André Gide, Point Counter Point by Aldous Huxley and Tonio Kröger by Thomas Mann). These musical compositional devices are: multiple melodic lines, musical cyclical forms and a leitmotif.

Production optimization is a recurring phenomenon, already in industrialism, production was optimized by streamlining the material flow. In 1979 Toyota came with Lean principles and that production should be optimized by streamlining the flow. The study has been carried out at Barlingbo Brewery where the production process was observed and analyzed. Forecast was made for a deeper understanding of customer demand. Then the system's assets and limitations were analyzed for purposes of identifying bottlenecks. Finally, a cyclical production plan was produced that streamlined the planning, which in turn streamlined production. / Produktionsoptimering är ett återkommande fenomen, redan vid industrialismen optimerades produktion genom att effektivisera materialflödet. 1979 kom Toyota med Leans principer där det bland annat påtalades attproduktionerborde optimeras genom att effektivisera flödet. Studienhar genomförts hos Barlingbo Bryggeri där produktionsprocessen observeradesoch analyserades. Prognos framställdes för djupare förståelse avkundernasefterfrågan, och sedan analyserades systemets tillgångar och begränsningar i syfte att identifiera flaskhalsar. Slutligen framställdes en cyklisk produktionsplan som effektiviserarplaneringen ochi sin tur effektiviserar produktionen.