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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
641

Etude de la réalisation d'une structure transistor (FET) pour l'observation de l'exciton du ZnO sous champ électrique. / Study of the realization of a FET transistor structure for ZnO exciton observation under electric field

Maertens, Alban 13 October 2016 (has links)
Ce manuscrit porte sur la conception d’un transistor à effet de champ destiné à l’observation de la photoluminescence de l’exciton et des complexes excitoniques chargés du ZnO sous l’influence d’un champ électrique. Pour cela, des simulations ont permis de définir un cahier des charges de la structure du transistor afin de bloquer la conductivité dans le canal de ZnO et d’appliquer un champ électrique intense. La seconde partie concerne le choix du matériau de grille et de l’électrode transparente de surface pour l’observation de la photoluminescence dans le canal. L’oxyde de gallium (-Ga2O3) a été choisi car il présente un grand gap, des propriétés d’isolant et de semi-conducteur avec dopage. Cependant les films de Ga2O3 dopés avec Ti, Sn, Zn et Mg élaborés par MOCVD n’ont pas révélé de conductivité. Les films d’alliages (Ga,Sn)2O3 n’ont pas non plus montré de conductivité et leur structure est étudiée intensivement. Des traitements plasma radiofréquence sous flux d’argon, d’oxygène ou d’hydrogène ont permis de montrer que l’implantation de l’hydrogène donne lieu à un niveau donneur avec une énergie d’activation de 7 meV. La conductivité est toutefois modulée par le dopage en Sn et les traitements s’accompagnent d’un changement de la sous-stœchiométrie en oxygène qui diminue la transparence à cause de la formation de niveau profond de lacune d’oxygène. La structure finale de la grille transparente dans l’ultraviolet pour l’observation de la photoluminescence du ZnO peut donc être élaborée par une grille diélectrique de -Ga2O3 puis une électrode conductrice transparente de (Ga,Sn)2O3 traitée superficiellement par un plasma d’hydrogène. / This manuscript covers the design of a field transistor for the observation of photoluminescence of the exciton and the charged excitonic complex of ZnO under the influence of an electric field. For this, simulations have helped to define the specifications of the transistor structure to block the conductivity in the ZnO channel and applying a strong electric field. The second part concerns the choice of gate material and the surface transparent electrode for the observation of photoluminescence in the channel. The gallium oxide (-Ga2O3) was chosen because it has a large gap, insulating properties and semiconductor properties with doping. However, Ga2O3 films doped with Ti, Sn, Zn and Mg MOCVD did not show conductivity. Films of alloys (Ga,Sn)2O3 have not shown either conductivity and their structure is studied intensively. Radio frequency plasma treatment under a flux of argon, oxygen or hydrogen have shown that implantation of hydrogen gives rise to a donor level with 7 meV activation energy. However, the conductivity is modulated by doping Sn and treatments are accompanied by a change of sub-stoichiometry in oxygen, which reduces the transparency due to the formation of deep level of oxygen vacancy. The final structure of the transparent gate in the ultraviolet for the observation of photoluminescence of ZnO can be prepared by a dielectric gate -Ga2O3 and a transparent conductive electrode of (Ga,Sn)2O3 surface treated by a plasma of hydrogen.
642

Experimental Investigations of Flow Development, Gap Instability and Gap Vortex Street Generation in Eccentric Annular Channels

Choueiri, George H. January 2014 (has links)
Isothermal flow development, gap instability, and gap vortex street generation in eccentric annular channels have been studied experimentally. A representative paradigm of a flow in a highly eccentric annular channel was examined for a channel having an inner-to-outer diameter ratio d/D = 0.50 and an eccentricity e = 0.8 for a Reynolds number Re = 7300. Observation of the flow development has identified three distinct regions: the entrance region, the fluctuation-growth region and the rapid-mixing region. Weak quasi-periodic velocity fluctuations were first detected in the downstream part of the entrance region, and grew into very strong ones, reaching peak-to-peak amplitudes in the narrow gap that were nearly 60% of the bulk velocity. The dependence on inlet conditions, d/D, e and Re on the development and structure of flows was also investigated. Experimental conditions covered the ranges: 0 ≤ Re ≤ 19000, 0 ≤ e ≤ 0.9 and d/D = 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75. For Re < 7000, the Strouhal number, the normalized mid-gap axial flow velocity and the axial and cross-flow fluctuation intensities at mid-gap were found to increase with increasing Re and to depend strongly on inlet conditions. At higher Re, however, these parameters reached asymptotic values that were only mildly sensitive to inlet conditions. A map was constructed for the various stages of periodic motions vs. e and Re and it was found that, for e < 0.5 or Re < 1100, the flow was unconditionally stable as far as gap instability is concerned. For e ≤ 0.5, transition to turbulence occurred at Re ≈ 6000, whereas, for 0.6 ≤ e ≤ 0.9, the critical Reynolds number for the formation of periodic motions was found to increase with eccentricity from 1100 for e = 0.6 to 3800 for e = 0.9. The use of an empirically derived "mixing layer Strouhal number" permitted a universal description of gap vortex street periodicity in eccentric annular channels. This study has contributed to our understanding of the physical mechanisms that lead to gap instability and the development of a gap vortex street and the dependence of these flow phenomena on the channel geometry and the dynamic conditions of the flow.
643

Zhodnocení připravenosti podniku na zavedení ISO 27001 pomocí GAP analýzy / Evaluation of preparedness of a business for an implementation of ISO 27001 using Gap analysis

Zrcek, Tomáš January 2016 (has links)
The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the preparedness of an information security management system (ISMS) in a logistic company JASA s.r.o. for a certification by standard ISO/IEC 27001:2013. This enterprise oscillates between small and medium enterprise. It has already implemented the certificate on quality management ISO 9001:2008. For this reason, in the thesis there are presented advantages for a company that already has implemented one of ISO standards and decides to implement another. First of all, the present state of information security management system in Jasa s.r.o was compared to other businesses functioning in the Czech and European market. Then the company control environment was evaluated accordingly to the requirements of standard ISO/IEC 27001:2013. Furthermore, a scheme was created in order to evaluate specific controls based on the impact risk that could arise in case of ignoring the suggested recommendations. In the last part, the controls were evaluated accordingly to difficulty, so that the company can find cheap and fast solutions with adequate impact. The main contribution of the thesis is the evaluation of the approach to solve information security in one of many enterprises that are afraid or are starting to notice the increasing amount of security threats. This approach may be chosen by other companies that decide to go the similar way.
644

Molécules pi-conjuguées fonctionnelles : synhèse et application à l'élaboration de nanomatériaux / Pi-conjugated functionals molecules : synthesis and application to nanomaterials

Cheminet, Nathalie 16 December 2011 (has links)
De nouveaux matériaux π-conjugués fonctionnels ont été élaborés selon deux approches. La première a consisté à préparer des molécules π-conjuguées fonctionnelles – basées sur un segment central de type 1,4-bis(phénylène-éthynyl)benzène – permettant de développer des nano-objets et des nanomatériaux hybrides associant les segments conjugués organiques à d'autres composantes : des nanotubes de carbone et de la silice sous la forme de nanoparticules ou de nanomatériaux. Le segment conjugué de base a été fonctionnalisé soit directement, soit par le biais de ses chaînes solubilisantes. La seconde approche a permis de développer une nouvelle famille d'oligomères conjugués organiques et solubles – basés sur des motifs de type thiénopyrazine – de faible gap énergétique entre les orbitales HOMO et LUMO. Les propriétés électro-optiques de ces composés exclusivement organiques ont été confrontées à des calculs prédictifs obtenus par des méthodes de la chimie théorique (DFT, TDFFT). Ces matériaux hybrides fonctionnels ont pu être valorisés. La fonctionnalisation des chaînes solubilisantes par des groupements ioniques imidazolium ont permis la conception de nouveaux matériaux polyélectrolytes pour accéder à des ionogels. La fonctionnalisation du segment conjugué en lui-même a pu être mis à profit pour la fonctionnalisation covalente de nanotubes de carbone ou de nanoparticules de silice. / New π-conjugated functional materials were elaborated in two ways. The first one consisted in the preparation of π-conjugated functional molecules – based on a 1,4-bis(phenylene-ethynyl)benzene central segment – in order to develop hybrid nano-objects and nanomaterials which combine organic conjugated segments with other components : carbon nanotubes or silica (nanoparticules, nanomaterials). The central conjugated unit is functionalized either on this π-conjugated system or at the end of the side chains. The second approach allows the development of a new family of organic soluble conjugated oligomers – based on thienopyrazine units – characterized by a low band gap between HOMO and LUMO orbitals. The electronic and optic properties of these organic compounds were compared to theoretical calculations (DFT, TDFFT). The functionalization of the side chains by ionic imidazolium units could permit the conception of new polyelectrolyte materials and open the access to new ionogel materials. The functionalization of the conjugated segment was used with advantage for the covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes or silica nanoparticules.
645

Caractérisation de ARHGAP19, une nouvelle GAP de Rho impliquée dans la mitose des Lymphocytes T / Characterization of ARHGAP19, a Novel Rho GAP Involved in T-Cell Mitosis

Petit, Dominique 02 February 2016 (has links)
Dans le but de déterminer le rôle des Rho GTPases et de leurs régulateurs dans les cellules hématopoïétiques, une analyse des niveaux d’expressions de 300 gènes codant pour des protéines impliquées dans les voies de signalisation dépendantes de Rho a été faite à partir d’échantillons de patients atteints de leucémies de type T-ALL. Il a ainsi pu être mis en évidence qu’un groupe de gènes incluant notamment RacGAP1, Ect2, Citron et ARHGAP19 variaient parallèlement. A l’exception de ARHGAP19, ces gènes avaient une fonction connue au cours de la mitose. Il a donc été entrepris de caractériser ARHGAP19 qui, d’après les banques de données, est spécifique du système hématopoïétique, et pour laquelle aucune fonction n’avait encore été déterminée.Afin de déterminer la fonction biologique de GAP19, un anticorps a été généré. Cet outil nous a permis de montrer que l’expression de la protéine est régulée au cours du cycle cellulaire et que sa localisation varie au cours de la mitose. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré que GAP19, joue un rôle essentiel dans le changement de forme des lymphocytes en mitose, la ségrégation des chromatides sœurs et le recrutement membranaire des effecteurs de RhoA au cours de la mitose. Nous avons aussi mis en évidence le mécanisme par lequel GAP19 permet le changement de forme dans les lymphocytes.Nous avons aussi montré que GAP19 est phosphorylée par CDK1 sur deux résidus présents dans la partie C-Terminale. Afin de mettre en évidence le rôle de ces phosphorylations, nous avons généré des cellules Kit225 transfectées avec des plasmides pour les formes non-phosphorylables de la protéine. Ceci nous a permis de mettre en évidence que la phosphorylation des résidus T404 et T476 permet la localisation cytoplasmique de GAP19 en début de mitose. Nous avons aussi pu observer lors de l’anaphase la formation de ponts de chromatines, ainsi qu’une augmentation significative de cellules multinucléées. Par ailleurs, nous avons procédé à des expériences de cytogénétique et d’immunofluorescence afin de déterminer, si les ponts de chromatines avaient pour origine soit des défauts de condensation de la chromatine, soit un stress réplicatif.Enfin, un possible modèle de la protéine ARHGAP19 a été généré et des simulations de dynamiques moléculaires réalisées afin de comprendre le rôle des phosphorylations par CDK1 a un niveau structurel. / In an attempt to understand the role of Rho GTPases and their regulators in hematopoietic cell lines, expression levels of 300 genes were analyzed for proteins involved in Rho dependent signaling pathways from patients with T-ALL leukemia.It was shown that a group of genes consisting of RacGAP1, Ect2 and Citron varied concomitantly. With the exception of ARHGAP19, all already had a known function during mitosis. Consequently, it was decided to characterize ARHGAP19, which according to databases is specific of hematopoietic cell lines, and whose function was unknown. In order to determine the biological function of ARHGAP19, a specific antibody has been generated. This allowed us to demonstrate that the level of expression of the protein vary during the cell cycle and its localization varies during mitosis. In addition, we have shown that ARHGAP19 plays a central role in regulating cell shapes changes, sister chromatids segregation and RhoA effectors membrane recruitment during mitosis. We have also shown that this occurs by a previously undescribed pathway involving RhoA-ROCK-Vimentin.Finally, we have demonstrated that ARHGAP19 is a substrate of CDK1. It is phosphorylated on two residues located in the C-Terminal region of the protein. For investigating the role of these phosphorylations, we have generated Kit225 cell lines transfected with plasmids coding for the non-phosphorylable forms of the protein. This allowed us to show that phosphorylation of residue T404 and T476 are involved preventing GAP19 recruitment at the equatorial cell cortex during mitosis.In addition, we have observed the formation of chromatin bridges, as well as an increase in multinucleated cells. Thus, we have performed cytogenetic experiments for determining if chromatin bridges are due to chromosome condensation defects, or replicative stress. Finally, a possible tertiary structure of ARHGAP19 has been created de novo, and molecular dynamics simulations were generated in order to understand the role of these phosphorylations by CDK1 at a structural level.
646

Einfluss der endothelialen Connexine auf die Angiogenese

Gärtner-Grätz, Christiane 17 March 2015 (has links)
Hintergrund: Connexine (Cx) spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei Wachstum und Differenzierung. Die Angiogenese ist an vielen physiologischen und pathologischen Prozessen beteiligt. Jedoch ist noch unklar, ob Connexine einen Einfluss auf die Angiogenese haben. Fragestellung; In dieser Arbeit sollte die Rolle endothelialer Connexine an der Angiogenese untersucht werden. Methoden: Venöse Zellen der menschlichen Nabelschnur (HUVEC) wurden kultiviert bis sie subkonfluent waren. Vor der 3D Kultur im Matrigel wurden die Zellen entweder mit Nicotin, dem Gap Junction Inhibitor Palmitoleinsäure (PA), einem siRNA-Knockdown von entweder Cx37, Cx40 oder Cx43 oder mit Isoprenalin behandelt. Die Zellen wurden dann auf ein in vitro Angiogenese-Assay (3D-Kultur, Matrigel) gegeben und nach 18h wurden unterschiedliche Angiogeneseparameter erhoben, um die Komplexität der Angiogenese zu beurteilen. Änderungen der Expression der Cx mRNA- und Proteinexpression sowie der Kommunikation über Gap Junctions wurden mittels PCR, Immunfluoreszenzmikroskopie, Western Blot und Lucifer Yellow Dye Transfer untersucht. Bei Gewebeproben der A. mammaria von Rauchern und Nichtrauchern wurden mittels Immunofluoreszenzmikroskopie die Expression der Cx beurteilt. Ergebnisse: Die Behandlung mit spezifischer siRNA führte zu einer signifikanten Abnahme der Expression des jeweiligen Connexins in den HUVECs. Sowohl der Knockdown als auch die Behandlung mit PA verringerte die Kommunikation über Gap Junctions signifikant und reduzierte die Anzahl der Abzweigungen im Angiogenese-Assay. Der Knockdown des Cx43 und Cx40 sowie die Behandlung mit PA reduzierten ebenfalls die Komplexität des Musters im Matrigel-Assay. Nicotin führte zu einer Reduktion der Cx43- und Cx37-Proteinexpression, wohingegen Cx40 durch transskriptionelle Gegenregulation konstant gehalten wurde, sowie zu einer Abnahme der Länge der Kapillar-ähnlichen-Strukturen, der Anzahl der Abzweigungen und des Musters im Matrigelassay, während die Anzahl der Zellen zunahm. Die mRNA-Expression der Connexine war hingegen erhöht. In Gewebeproben von Rauchern konnte analog eine verminderte Expression von Cx43 und Cx37, aber nicht von Cx40, in der Intima gezeigt werden. Isoprenalin erhöhte die Proteinexpression der endothelialen Connexine und verbesserte sowohl die interzelluläre Kommunikation als auch das Muster im Matrigel-Assay. Ebenso waren die Kapillar-ähnlichen Strukturen im Vergleich zur Kontrolle länger. Schlussfolgerung: Aus den erhobenen Ergebnissen lässt sich der Schluss ziehen, dass Connexine bei der Angiogenese involviert sind, vor allem beim Vorgang der Verzweigung. Dies kann teilweise die Veränderung erklären, die eine Nicotinbehandlung auf die Angiogenese hat.
647

Odsun/vyhnání v českých a německých kulturách vzpomínání / Transfer/Expulsion in the czech and german memory Cultures

Smyčka, Václav January 2019 (has links)
The thesis analyzes how the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia is treated, interpreted and staged. It concentrates on two questions: what strategies do the authors use to recover the memory of the events and how do the different communities translate and share their memories? In the first part I sketch the development of the political contexts and discourses of expulsion in German and Czech memory culture on the basis of the model of ‚floating gap' by Jan Assman. In the second part, I present seven ‚strategies of commemoration' (Documenting, Interpreting, Investigating, Exhibiting of fragmentarized Memories, Swearing/staging of Trauma, Drawing of Genealogies, Reading in Landscapes), which the authors use in Literature (and Art) to represent the expulsion. The third part focuses finally on the problem of intercultural translation of memories, its shareability and the inner dialogism. The constant line of the analysis is the irreductibility of connection of memory and forgetting, which underline each other from the level of text to the level of memory politic.
648

Effect of Axial Gap Distance on Transonic Compressor Performance

Sadek, Joseph January 2015 (has links)
The modern trend of gas turbines design is towards lighter, highly efficient,and more compact engines. Such situation imposes on engineers to continuouslysearch for improved and optimum designs. The thesis presented aims at researching possible performance improvements regarding axial gapdistance in transonic compressors. Decreasing the axial gap would result inlighter engines and achieve design goals. The influence of decreasing the axialgap on performance and structure integrity should be throughly analyzed. This thesis work includes numerical investigations on the axial gap distance effect on performance efficiency and related unsteady aerodynamics phenomena. The first one and a half compressor stages of a Siemens Gas Turbine are modeled in ANSYS CFX. Different axial gap models are simulated for differentconfigurations. The steady state solution is obtained to be initialized for transient time marching calculations. Furthermore, the computational cost of transient calculations is reduced through a geometry scaling technique. The unsteady behavior is further analyzed by a Harmonic Balance solver implemented in STAR-CCM+ software, and compared to a reference case transient calculations. The results obtained supports the presence of an optimalaxial gap distance for maximum efficiency in transonic compressors. Further, the harmonic balance method shows good possibilities for cost and time reductions in transonic compressors performance calculations.
649

Miljöledningssystem : En förberedande fallstudie för ISO 14001 certifiering / Environmental management systems: : A preparatory case study for an ISO 14001 certification

Eklund, Axel, Nilsson, Martin January 2021 (has links)
Climate change has become a subject that is frequently reported in the media. There is an increased awareness and interest among consumers about environmental issues. Therefore, companies try to adapt their business to work in a more sustainable way. The ISO 14001 standard is a helpful tool to structure an environmental management system. It is an established framework on how companies can continuously improve their business to minimize the climate footprint.    This report is based on a company that aims to become certified according to ISO 14001. The company is ISO 9001 certified, and several areas are addressed in both standards, which is beneficial for the implementation of their environmental management system according to ISO 14001. The goal off this study is to prepare the company by identifying gaps in their current environmental management system compared to the ISO 14001 requirements.    The GAP-analysis determined the significance of the gap, by dividing gaps in three categories: Minor, Major and Critical. The result showed that almost half of the requirements is considered as minor gaps, which means that the company with minor actions can meet the requirements. The other half is categorized as major and critical gaps, which will need significant actions and resources to meet the requirements. The result from the GAP-analysis shows that the company, due to the similarities between ISO 14001 and ISO 9001, have a good potential to meet the requirements. To start their certification process, the study presents 18 actions based on the result from the gap-analysis for the company to consider.   The purpose of ISO 14001 is not only for a company to get a certificate, but also to continuously improve their environmental management system. Therefore, the company must develop and increase their knowledge of the standard to fully understand it and there by fulfill its purpose. / Klimatförändringar har kommit att bli ett centralt område som det frekvent rapporteras om i media. Medvetenheten och intresset för miljöfrågor har ökat hos konsumenter. Detta innebär att många företag behöver och vill anpassa sin verksamhet så att de arbetar på ett hållbart sätt. Som hjälpmedel för att styra upp företagets miljöledningssystem går det att använda standarden ISO 14001. Detta är ett väletablerat ramverk för hur företaget kan ständigt förbättra sin verksamhet inom miljöarbetet. Företaget i denna rapport har som målsättning att bli certifierade enligt ISO 14001. Företaget är i dagsläget ISO 9001 certifierade och flera punkter berörs helt eller delvis i båda standarderna, vilket är av fördel för implementering av ett miljöledningssystem enligt ISO 14001.    Studien ingår som en för-analys på företaget genom att identifiera de gap som finns i företagets miljöledningssystem gentemot kraven i ISO 14001. Detta för att förbereda företaget inför certifiering enligt standarden.     I den genomförda GAP-analysen på företagets miljöledningssystem, kategoriserades identifierade gap i tre kategorier; Grön (Minor), Gul (Major) och Röd (Critical). I dagsläget kategoriseras närmare hälften av de krav i Grön, vilket innebär att gapet inte existerar eller kan överbryggas med mindre åtgärder. Resterande krav kategoriseras antingen som Gul eller Röd, vilket innebär att de berörs delvis eller saknas helt. Det kommer krävas större åtgärder för att leva upp till kraven som är ställda i dessa kategorier. Resultatet från GAP-analysen visar att företaget, med hjälp av bland annat sitt kvalitetsledningssystem, har en bra utgångspunkt att möta kraven i standarden. Studien presenterar 18 åtgärdsförslag för att inleda arbetet för företaget att överbrygga gapen och påbörja deras certifieringsprocess.     Studien ger en helhetsbild över de brister som identifierats gentemot kraven i ISO 14001, samt förslag på åtgärder för att överbrygga dessa. För att företaget ska bli certifierade enligt ISO 14001 är de presenterade åtgärderna en bra början. Företaget behöver utveckla och fördjupa sina kunskaper om standarden för att fullt förstå den. Syftet är inte att endast bli certifierade utan även ständigt förbättra företagets miljöledningssystem.
650

Der Einfluss von Noradrenalin auf Gap Junction Kanäle

Glawe, Inken 27 September 2011 (has links)
Gap Junction Kanäle sind wesentlich für die interzelluläre Kommunikation im Herzen. Die wichtigsten kardialen Gap Junction Proteine sind Connexin 43, Connexin 40 und in frühen Entwicklungsstadien Connexin 45. Da Katecholamine eine wichtige Rolle in der kardialen Physiologie bzw. Pathophysiologie spielen, sollte geklärt werden, ob Katecholamine die Expression von Connexin 40 und Connexin 43 beeinflussen. Es wurden neonatale Rattenkardiomyozyten in Zellkultur 24 Stunden mit aufsteigenden Noradrenalinkonzentrationen (1-10000 nM) (physiologischer Agonist für α-und β-Adrenozeptoren) inkubiert. Hier zeigte sich ein signifikanter Anstieg der Connexin 43 Expression, während die Connexin 40 Expression nicht beeinflußt wurde. Um zu zeigen über welchen Adrenozeptor (α oder β) die Hochregulation von Cx 43 durch Noradrenalin erfolgt, wurden die Zellkulturen in zwei weiteren Versuchsreihen zusätzlich mit einem β-Blocker (Propranolol 100µM) bzw. einem α- Blocker (Prazosin 10 µM) über 24 Std. inkubiert. Hier zeigte sich eine deutliche Inhibierung des Noradrenalineffektes durch die Blockade der α-Rezeptoren durch Prazosin. Eine Blockade der β-Rezeptoren hatte keinen inhibitorischen Effekt auf die Hochregulation der Expression von Cx 43 durch Noradrenalin. Es kam hier sogar zu einer verstärkten Expression verglichen mit der Cx 43 Expression unter Noradrenalin ohne Rezeptorblockade. Desweiteren wurde überprüft, ob es auch unter der Behandlung von Sprague– Dawley-Ratten mit einem β-Mimetikum (Isoprenalin) bzw. einem α-Mimetikum (Phenylephrin) zu einer Veränderung der Connexinexpression kommt. Die Western Blot Analysen ergaben hierbei wieder einen α-Rezeptoren vermittelten Effekt, indem es zu einem wesentlichen Konzentrationsanstieg von Connexin 43 unter der Behandlung mit Phenylephrin kam.

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