Pastaruoju metu visuomenėje gana plačiai nagrinėjama psichikos ligomis sergančių žmonių stigmatizacijos ir diskriminacijos problema. Stigmatizuojantis požiūris, susiformavęs istorijos kontekste palaiko stereotipus, kurie neigiamai paveikia psichikos ligomis sergančių asmenų psichosocialinę egzistenciją. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti tiriamų asmenų požiūrį į psichikos ligomis sergančius žmones bei įvertinti sąsajas su sociodemografinėmis tiriamųjų charakteristikomis. Tyrime dalyvavo 227 Kauno ir Alytaus miestų gyventojai (65 vyrai ir 162 moterys). Požiūriui į psichikos ligomis sergančius asmenis nustatyti naudota Didžiosios Britanijos Nacionalinio statistikos departamento sudaryta anketa, „Visuomenės požiūrio į psichikos negalią turinčius žmones skalė“ sutrumpinta forma (angl. Community Living Attitudes Scale Mental Retardation – Short Form (CLAS)) bei tyrimo autorės sudaryta anketa. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė vyraujančią nuomonę, jog psichikos ligomis sergantys asmenys yra pavojingi, neprognozuojamo elgesio, dažnai jų bijoma. Tačiau šie žmonės nesmerkiami, jiems jaučiama užuojauta ir gailestis. Pusė apklaustųjų manė, kad psichikos ligomis sergantiems asmenims naudinga integruotis į visuomenę, tačiau tik vienas trečdalis tiriamųjų sutiko, kad psichiatrinės ligoninės – pasenęs gydymo būdas. Atsižvelgiant į tiriamųjų lytį bei išsilavinimą, didelių požiūrio skirtumų į psichikos ligomis sergančius asmenis nebuvo nustatyta. Tačiau stebimi reikšmingi požiūrio skirtumai atsižvelgiant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Nowadays one of the widely discussed topics is the stigmatization and discrimination of people with mental illness. Stigmatization is based on the stereotypes and negatively reflects on the psychosocial life of people with mental illness. The goal of this research is to define attitudes towards people with mental illness and find correlations with socio-demografic characteristics. 227 respondents from Kaunas and Alytus participated in this study (65 men and 162 women). The following questionnaires were used to assess the respondents attitudes towards people with mental illness: a questionnaire, taken from National Department Statistics of Great Britain, the Community Living Attitudes Scale Mental Retardation – Short Form (CLAS) and a questionnaire made by the author of this study. The results of this study showed the basic attitude that people with mental illness are dangerous. Their behaviour is regarded as unpredictable and they are feared of. However, people with mental illness can expect sympathy and compassion. Half of the respondents admitted that they thought it would be useful to integrate people with mental illness into society, but, on the other hand, only one third of the respondents agreed that mental hospitals are not quite good for people with mental illness. There weren’t significant differences between respondents with regards to their sex and education. Significant differences in attitudes toward people with mental illness were found in different age groups... [to full text]

The mining industry is one of the largest employers in South Africa in an attempt to thrive in a continuously changing environment and in line with the modem organisation's focus on the various dimensions of employee well-being, mining organisations need the services of engaged workers. The objective of this research was to establish the relationship between work engagement and demographic characteristics, job characteristics and work-home interaction of employees working in the mining industry. A random sample of 320 employees was taken from various mining companies in the Gauteng and North West Provinces. The job characteristics, UWES and SWING questionnaires were used as measuring instruments. Cronbach alpha coefficients, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, structural equation modelling and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the data Exploratory factor analysis with target rotations confirmed the construct validity of the measuring instruments. Chi-square and t-tests indicated positive relationships between work engagement and race, autonomy, social support, instrumental support, task characteristics, positive work-home interference and positive home-work interference. Logistic regression analyses revealed that race, autonomy, task characteristics and positive home-work interference were significant predictors of work engagement. Recommendations were made for further research. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007

The major problems that this study adressed were, the identification of which predictor variables account for a significant proportion of the variance in the criterion variable sexual satisfaction, as well as the group differences on the sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, locus of control, and self-esteem. In the current study, a sample which was composed of 200 married persons was investigated. Results revealed that, gender, education level, and interaction of these variables differentiated the groups on both the sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction. However, only the main effect of education level differentiated the groups on the locus of control. Additionally, gender and education level differentiated the groups on the self-esteem. Marital satisfaction, locus of control, self-esteem, length of marriage, intercourse frequency and orgasm frequency significantly predicted the sexual satisfaction. Findings of the present study were discussed in the light of the relevant literature.

Complementary and alternative medication (CAM) use during menopause is a growing public and women's health issue. The use of CAMs is increasing and evidence of CAM use in the general population suggests that women in the menopausal age range are more likely to use CAMs. In the context of menopause, preliminary research has indicated that women are using a number of CAMs to address symptoms. In a study of American women aged 45 to 65 years, 22% of women used CAMs during menopause, specifically herbal or naturopathic remedies (13%), relaxation techniques (9%) and dietary soy supplements (7%). Fourteen percent (14%) of women strongly agreed with the proposition that approaches such as nutrition and vitamins were better than hormones (Newton et al., 2002). The term 'menopause' is a concept of varying perceptions and perspectives. From the biological perspective, menopause is constant, however from the individual perspective, menopause is a unique experience shaped by cultural, emotional, psychological and physical characteristics. Symptoms commonly cited during menopause include hot flushes, night sweats palpitations, irregular menses and muscle and bone pain. The use of CAMs during menopause has the potential to address current symptoms and promote long term health and wellness. The reviewed literature indicated that while a preliminary understanding of CAM use during menopause is evident, further research is needed to clarify and contextualise current prevalence rates and types used. In addition, an understanding of the reasons and factors that influence women to use CAMs during this transition is crucial to understanding women's menopausal experience. This project aimed to explore the prevalence of CAM use during menopause and to identify the reasons that influence women to use these therapies during the transition. To address this question, a two phase study was designed to incorporate both quantitative and qualitative research methods. For Phase 1, a secondary data analysis was undertaken on a dataset that explored women's menopausal experiences and therapies used to address symptoms and for phase 2, focus groups were used to explore women's personal experiences and perceptions of CAM use during menopause. The secondary data analysis was undertaken on a population based sample of 886 women aged 47-67 years. Women were randomly selected from the electoral roll on the basis of gender, age and postcode, which were selected to ensure representation of urban and rural and varying socioeconomic status. From this analysis, the findings indicated that 80% of women used at least one type of CAM with therapeutic techniques (activities such as walking and swimming) the most commonly used (83.0%), followed by nutrition (66.8%), phytoestrogens (55.8%), herbal therapies (41.3%) and CAM medications (25.1%). Women who used CAMs were more likely to experience anxiety and vasomotor (hot flushes and night sweats) symptoms, have higher education levels, be low to middle income earners, be aged under 55 years, be previous users of hormone therapy (HT) and have participated in self breast examinations. CAM users were 40 to 90% less likely to be currently using HT or to smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day. The results of the secondary data analysis indicated the prevalence and factors associated with CAM use, however the factors that influence women to use CAMs during the menopause were unclear. A series of three focus groups and two telephone interviews were undertaken with a group of 15 women, who were current users of CAMs, aged 47-67 years and fluent in English. Women were recruited through an advertisement placed in a newsletter distributed by a large metropolitan hospital; a flyer displayed on noticeboards of libraries and shopping centres; and a media release through the local community newspaper and on a state wide radio station. Analysis of the transcripts indicated that a number of factors interact to influence a woman's decision to use CAMs. Influences included relationships with family, friends and health practitioners, effects of symptoms, information on CAMs and menopause, current menopause research, personal perceptions of health, wellness and effectiveness of CAM therapies to alleviate symptoms. Taken together, the results of the Phase 1 and 2 combined with the literature indicated that women were using multiple forms of CAMs. A post hoc analysis was undertaken and the CAM questions analysed in Phase 1 were critiqued within this new knowledge of CAM use. As a consequence, CAMs were redefined into four groups to enhance current understandings. After reclassification, the use of at least one CAM was 71.6%, with the most commonly used dietary phytoestrogens (60.0%), followed by dietary supplements (47.0%), herbal therapies (35.9%) and phytoestrogen supplements (33.0%). Sociodemographic, health and symptom characteristics were further profiled against the redefined categories of dietary phytoestrogens, dietary supplements, herbal therapies, phytoestrogen supplements and users of multiple CAMs. The consistency of associations varied according to the CAM category with no significant association present across all four CAM categories. This post hoc analysis clarified CAM categorisation and highlighted the high prevalence of women who were using multiple forms of CAMs. Additionally, multivariable analysis validated and confirmed the results of Phase 1 as similar profiles of a CAM user were found. This research has identified the prevalence of CAM use during menopause in Queensland women and has begun to elucidate the reasons that influence women to use these therapies during this transition. The utilisation of both quantitative and qualitative methods has provided a comprehensive and holistic depiction of women's use of CAMs during menopause. The results and conclusions drawn from this research have highlighted areas that need addressing within the research and health service domain. For future research, development of a comprehensive CAM survey instrument is required and clarification of the definition of CAMs is also needed. Multiple definitions are currently used to describe CAM use, creating confusion in classifying types of CAMs and comparing prevalence rates between studies. With regard to health service recommendations, there is a need for increased access to information on menopause and alternative therapies for women. Open, active and participatory relationships between health practitioners and menopausal women are essential and health practitioners need to be aware women are using a variety of CAMs during the menopause and are likely to continue to do so even if health practitioner support is not apparent.

Submitted by CAMILA ANNICCHINO DE ANDRADE (camila.annicchino@hotmail.com) on 2018-08-16T23:25:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado Camila Annicchino de Andrade.pdf: 1063522 bytes, checksum: aad3a5058c4e612cef62cde245c7a9c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sulamita Selma C Colnago null (sulamita@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-08-17T19:57:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_ca_me_bot.pdf: 1063522 bytes, checksum: aad3a5058c4e612cef62cde245c7a9c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T19:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_ca_me_bot.pdf: 1063522 bytes, checksum: aad3a5058c4e612cef62cde245c7a9c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-20 / A prevalência de uso de drogas ilícitas e álcool em gestantes aumentou acentuadamente nos últimos anos, problema que ganha destaque, pois a exposição dessas mulheres as drogas podem levar ao comprometimento irreversível da integridade do binômio mãe-filho. Dessa forma, é importante a caracterização dessa população com objetivo de desenvolver medidas para melhor assisti-las. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico das gestantes usuárias de drogas acompanhadas num serviço especializado. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 111 mulheres acompanhadas durante o pré-natal e parto num serviço especializado. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: características demográficas, tipo de droga utilizada, períodos de abstinência e de recaída na gestação, repercussões sociais (história de prostituição, antecedentes de problemas judiciais, história de perda da guarda dos filhos, presença de rede de apoio social e afetivo, parceiro usuário de drogas ilícitas). Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado para as proporções, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O perfil sociodemográfico das gestantes acompanhadas no serviço especializado foi de mulheres adultas, brancas, em união estável, com baixo nível de escolaridade, não trabalhavam e procuraram o serviço tardiamente. A maioria das gestantes eram poliusuárias (três ou mais drogas), sendo que aproximadamente 78% delas ficaram abstinente por um período durante a gestação e 57% ficaram abstinente por mais de três meses durante a gestação. Cerca de um terço das gestantes relataram história de prostituição e problemas judiciais, 55,7% das multíparas tiveram perda da guarda dos filhos e aproximadamente 67% conviviam com parceiro usuário de drogas. Conclusão: O atendimento especializado (grupo psicoterápico e pré-natal) contribui para abstinência ao longo da gestação, uma vez que se sentem acolhidas, restabelecem seus vínculos familiares e são reinseridas no contexto social. Dessa forma, esse estudo mostra que se faz necessário investir em pré-natal especializado a gestantes usuárias de drogas, com equipe de assitênica que possibilite o melhor acolhimneto a essas mulheres. Palavras Chaves: gestação, drogas, características demográficas, características sociais. / The prevalence of illicit drugs and alcohol use in pregnant women has risen sharply in recent years, a problem that is highlighted, since the exposure of these women to drugs may lead to irreversible impairment of the integrity of the mother-child binomial. Thus, it is important to characterize this population in order to develop measures to better assist them. Objective: The purpose of the study was to characterize the sociodemographic profile of pregnant drug users accompanied by a specialized service. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with 111 women followed during prenatal care and delivery in a specialized service. The following variables were evaluated: demographic characteristics, type of drug used, periods of abstinence and relapse during pregnancy, social repercussions (history of prostitution, history of legal problems, history of loss of child custody, presence of social support network and affective, drug user partner). For the statistical analysis, the chi-square test was used for the proportions, considering the level of significance of 5%. Results: The sociodemographic profile of the pregnant women followed by the specialized service was of white women, in a stable union, with low level of schooling, unemployed and sought the service belatedly. Most of the pregnant women were polyusers (three or more drugs), and approximately 78% of them were abstinent for a period during pregnancy and 57% were abstinent for more than three months during gestation. About one-third of the pregnant women reported a history of prostitution and legal problems, 55.7% of the multiparous women had lost custody of their children and approximately 67% lived with a drug-using partner. Conclusion: The specialized care (psychotherapeutic and prenatal group) contributes to abstinence during pregnancy, once they feel welcomed, reestablish their family ties and are reinserted in the social context. Thus, this study shows that it is necessary to invest in specialized prenatal care for pregnant drug users, with a assistential team that allows groups of care to these women. Key-Words: gestation, drugs, demographic characteristics, social characteristics.

O levantamento das características da população a quem os serviços de atendimento de certa instituição se destinam, é importante para determinar quando, onde e como atender os que procuram por ajuda, sendo possível tornar este atendimento mais adequado às reais necessidades regionais. No Brasil, a Psicologia da Saúde é um campo recente de atuação do psicólogo. Para consolidar a Psicologia da Saúde como uma opção de pós-graduação e estágio para os psicólogos, é importante caracterizar melhor a clientela, descrever e avaliar as intervenções psicológicas realizadas. Há poucos estudos sobre o perfil da população atendida em serviços de psicologia da saúde, sendo que grande parte deles refere-se à clientela infantil. O objetivo do presente estudo é caracterizar a população atendida pelo serviço-escola de Psicologia do Hospital de Base (SPHB) de São José do Rio Preto/SP. Instrumentos utilizados: Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido; Ficha de registro dos pacientes atendidos; Inventários: - Levantamento em Serviços-Escola; - Levantamento de atividades de supervisão (um para supervisor/outro para estagiário). A coleta de dados foi executada em duas etapas: 1- Caracterização do processo de supervisão, em que foram participantes 21 supervisores e 21 supervisionandos que aceitaram participar da pesquisa, respondendo aos inventários. 2- Caracterização da população atendida: - registro de dados sócio-demográficos e clínicos dos pacientes atendidos pelo SPHB durante um mês de atividades institucionais; - análise de prontuários dos pacientes assistidos pelo ambulatório de psicologia no ano de 2007. Os resultados obtidos na caracterização da população atendida indicaram a prevalência dos seguintes perfis: 1 - Ambulatório de Psicologia no ano de 2007 (843 registros): crianças e adolescentes (73): sexo feminino, 11 a 18 anos, escolaridade ensino fundamental incompleto, receberam como tratamento avaliação psicológica, apresentando queixa de ansiedade/depressão; entre os adultos (770): sexo feminino, 30 a 39 anos, casada, ensino fundamental incompleto, profissionais de trabalhos diversos, avaliada pela psicologia para realizar procedimentos médicos contraceptivos; 2 Registro dos psicólogos durante um mês de atividades (1550 atendimentos): crianças e adolescentes (320): sexo masculino, cor branca, 6 a 10 anos, ensino fundamental incompleto, recebeu a orientação específica como tratamento para dificuldades em manejar problema de saúde; entre os adultos (1230): mulheres, 40 a 49 anos, casadas, ensino fundamental incompleto, trabalhadoras de serviços diversos, receberam como tratamento grupo psicoeducacional às dificuldades de entendimento da doença e tratamento médico. A partir da análise das respostas dos inventários de atividades de supervisão, observou-se que a avaliação do processo de supervisão disponibilizado pelo SPHB é positiva para os supervisores e seus aprimorandos. O presente estudo produziu dados relevantes para o SPHB, que podem sinalizar mudanças em seu funcionamento, destacando-se: necessidade de programar um modo mais sistematizado de registrar atendimentos realizados; aumento da oferta de intervenções preventivas para amenizar conseqüências de condições de saúde adversas; construção de um diálogo permanente entre supervisores e aprimorandos, a fim de superar divergências na supervisão. O SPHB apresenta-se como um centro de atendimento psicológico de grande porte, que atende uma demanda significativa de clientes e um centro formador qualificado na área da saúde / To survey the characteristics of the population for whom care services in a certain institution is intended is important to determine when, where and how to serve these people, and can make this service more appropriate to the real regional needs. In Brazil, Health Psychology is a new area for the psychologist. Therefore is important to better characterize the clientele, describe and evaluate psychological interventions undertaken to consolidate Health Psychology as an option for undergraduate and graduate psychology students. There are only a few studies on the population that is assisted by health psychology services, and much of it refers to children. The aim of this study is to characterize the clinical population from the school of Psychology, Hospital de Base (SPHB) of Sao Jose do Rio Preto / SP. Instruments: Informed Consent; seen patients record; Inventories: - Survey on School Services - Survey of supervision activities (to a supervisor / trainee to another). Data was collected in two steps: 1 - Characterization of the supervisory process, in which 21 trainees and 21 supervisors who agreed to participate in the research answered to the surveys. 2 - Characterization of the population - registration of socio-demographic and clinical data of patients treated at SPHB during a month of institutional activities - analysis of the files of patients assisted by a psychology clinic in 2007. The results obtained in the characterization of the population served indicate the prevalence of the following profiles: 1 - Psychological Clinic in 2007 (843 records): children and adolescents (73): female, 11-18 years, elementary school education, received psychological evaluation and treatment, complaining of anxiety / depression; among adults (770): female, 30-39 years old, married, elementary education, varied works professionals, assessed by psychologists to perform medical procedures contraceptives; 2- Psychologists records for activities during a month (1550 calls): children and adolescents (320): male, white, 6-10 years, elementary education, received specific counseling as a treatment for difficulties in coping with health problems; among adults (1230): women 40-49 years old, married, grade school, varied works professionals, under treatment group for psychoeducational difficulties in understanding the disease and medical treatment. From the analysis of the responses in the inventories of supervision activities, we found that the process of supervision provided by SPHB is positive for students and their supervisors. This study produced data relevant to the SPHB, which can signal changes in its operation, including: the need to plan a more systematic record of care provided, increase the supply of preventive interventions to mitigate the consequences of adverse health conditions, construction of a continuing dialogue between supervisors and trainees in order to overcome differences in supervision. The SPHB presents itself as a large center of psychological care, which meets a significant demand from clients and provides qualified training in healthcare

China has among the world’s fastest growing urban region and faced enormous environmental and social challenges that requires a forward thinking of urban planning, which integrates environmental sustainability and social equity into urban resilience. In China, national and provincial urban policies have long focused on economic and industrial developments, whereas social welfare was not account for urban planning until very recently. After decades of rapid socioeconomic development, China has now entered an urbanization stage at which social development becomes as urgent as economic and environmental transformation. Rural migrant as a lower social group is a product of China’s rigorous rural-urban household registration (Hukou) that has caused plenty of social tragedies. Although governmental authorities have vowed to elevate rural migrants’ social status, as a heterogeneous social group, rural migrants received very little research attention by far. To examine rural migrants’ demographic information and their social status, this research employs happiness as a theme to carry out a questionnaire survey. In total, 1,267 responses were collected at bus and train stations in Changsha, a second-tier city located in the middle of China. According to the survey, rural migrants’ happiness status is in close relation with some demographic characteristics such as gender, ethnicity and education. In general, men are unhappier than women; the ethnic minorities are unhappier than the ethnic majority-Han; and the highly educated are unhappier than those with lower educational attainment. By performing a stepwise regression, statistics uncover that rural migrants’ happiness status in Changsha is positively associated with a stable income, a job with insurance and a well sustained family tie. Based on the study results, I propose three suggestions for social urban planning in China’s second-tier cities: (1) to set up a commercial district that embraces diverse ethnic groups, where the minor ethnic rural migrants can work and live with their own cultures. (2) To gather rural migrants by industry and establish labour unions that can represent for rural migrants’ interests. (3) To maintain the discriminated Hukou system, but define Hukou identity based on rural migrants’ taxation conditions.     Keywords: rural migrants, demographic characteristics, happiness factors, social urban planning

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The identification of the association between socio-demographic characteristics and HIV was found to be a useful tool in determining the important risk factors in Sudan. In this study, the relationship(s) between HIV test results and the demographic characteristics such as gender, age, residence area, employment, education, marital status and religion in Omdurman, Sudan were investigated. The data were collected from patients visiting Omdurman National Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Centre from April 2005 to April 2006. The study sample was represented by 320 patients. Tables were used in the data analysis to present the distribution of the participants by the result of HIV test and demographic factors; odds ratios were also obtained from these tables. The Chi-square test was used to test the association between each socio-demographic factor and the result of HIV test; the Pvalue obtained from this test was measured at a significance level of 0.05. Finally, the joint effect of all demographic factors on HIV test results was tested using logistic regression. A significant association between socio-demographic characteristics and HIV test results was observed. It showed a higher incidence rate in females, middle-aged, married, employed and Christian individuals. HIV was also found to be higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The lower incident rate was observed among educated individuals.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether teachers' perceptions of self-efficacy and collective teacher efficacy are interrelated and how these two constructs may be impacted by teacher demographic characteristics, such as educational level, grade level taught, and number of years of teaching experience. This study focused entirely on the interrelationships of teacher efficacy and collective teacher efficacy in three suburban, conservative Christian schools in north Texas. Specifically, the demographic characteristics of age, gender, ethnicity, particular school campus, number of years teaching, number of years teaching at the current school, highest degree received, type of teacher certification, certification grade level and subject area, grade level taught, and particular subject taught were studied for the non-random, convenience sample of 216 kindergarten through twelfth grade teachers. A correlational analysis of teacher efficacy and collective teacher efficacy yielded a Pearson r of .35 at a statistically significant level (p < .01); combining these two variables with teacher demographic variables in multiple regression analyses confirmed the relationship between teachers' perceptions of teacher efficacy and collective efficacy at a statistically significant level (p < .001). A review of the squared structure coefficients in the first multiple regression analysis (R2 = .284, p < .001) showed that individual teachers' perceptions of collective teacher efficacy explained the largest amount (43%) of the variance in teacher efficacy, followed by years of teaching experience (17%) and number of years of teaching at the current school (14%). A review of the squared structure coefficients in the second multiple regression analysis (R2 = .395, p < .001) indicated that individual teachers' perceptions of teacher efficacy explained the largest amount of variance in collective teacher efficacy (31%), followed the elementary teacher variable (22%) and particular school (19%).

<p>У раду су анализирани сви аспекти демографских показатеља, дате су њихове апсолутне и релативне вредности, као и узроци и последице таквих стања. У насељима Шајкашке поједини демографски фактори остављају негативне последице на популацију која овде живи. Мања насеља се већ одликују смањењем броја становника, а обзиром на негативан тренд природног прираштаја који је све израженији од деведесетих година ХХ века, страхује се од депопулације већег дела ове области. Поред смањеног наталитета и повећаног морталитета, приметно је и смањење стопе нупцијалитета. Економска ситуација у земљи у великој мери је допринела да се млади одлучују за брак све касније. Удео старог становништва у укупном све је већи и то на рачун младог. Стадијум демографске старости који тежи ка дубокој демографској старости представља велики проблем становништва које насељава ову историјско-географску област.</p> / <p>U radu su analizirani svi aspekti demografskih pokazatelja, date su njihove apsolutne i relativne vrednosti, kao i uzroci i posledice takvih stanja. U naseljima Šajkaške pojedini demografski faktori ostavljaju negativne posledice na populaciju koja ovde živi. Manja naselja se već odlikuju smanjenjem broja stanovnika, a obzirom na negativan trend prirodnog priraštaja koji je sve izraženiji od devedesetih godina HH veka, strahuje se od depopulacije većeg dela ove oblasti. Pored smanjenog nataliteta i povećanog mortaliteta, primetno je i smanjenje stope nupcijaliteta. Ekonomska situacija u zemlji u velikoj meri je doprinela da se mladi odlučuju za brak sve kasnije. Udeo starog stanovništva u ukupnom sve je veći i to na račun mladog. Stadijum demografske starosti koji teži ka dubokoj demografskoj starosti predstavlja veliki problem stanovništva koje naseljava ovu istorijsko-geografsku oblast.</p> / <p> This paper analyzes all aspects of the demographic indicators, given their absolute and relative values, as well as the causes and consequences of such states. In &Scaron;ajka&scaron;ka settlements some demographic factors have a negative impact on the population living here. Smaller settlements are already characterized by dec lining population, and due to a negative trend in population growth which is predominant since 1990s, there is a fear of depopulation in the major part of the areas. In addition to decreased fertility and increased mortality, the reduction of nuptiality can also be observed. The economic situation in the country has greatly influenced young people to marry later in life. The share of senior population in the total population is increasing at the expense of the young. The stage of demographic age with a trend of deep demographic aging is a major problem of the population inhabiting this historic and geographic area.</p>