李國威. / "2008年11月". / "2008 nian 11 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-168). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Li Guowei. / 摘要 --- p.3 / Abstract --- p.3 / 導論 --- p.8 / Chapter 甲、 --- 寫作背景 --- p.8 / Chapter 乙、 --- 論旨細節 --- p.12 / Chapter 丙、 --- 論文佈局 --- p.19 / Chapter 甲部： --- 早期墨家的人性論 --- p.21 / Chapter 甲、 --- 要旨回顧 --- p.21 / Chapter 乙、 --- 理路鋪陳 --- p.21 / Chapter 一、 --- 墨家如無人性論所弓丨發的問題 --- p.22 / Chapter 二、 --- 「自利假說」如爲真所弓丨發的問題 --- p.23 / Chapter 三、 --- 「先前性向說」如爲真所弓丨發的問題 --- p.23 / Chapter 第一章： --- 墨家無人性論? --- p.26 / Chapter 甲、 --- 徐氏的觀點；「人性」的歧義 --- p.26 / Chapter 乙、 --- 蔡氏的觀點；「根據」的歧義 --- p.28 / Chapter 丙、 --- 萬氏的觀點；斷言的轉變 --- p.30 / Chapter 一、 --- 「人性」意義的釐清 --- p.31 / Chapter 二、 --- 萬氏斷言的漏洞 --- p.32 / Chapter 三、 --- 斷言內涵的轉變 --- p.34 / Chapter 四、 --- 人類道德性向的性質 --- p.35 / Chapter 五、 --- 道德性向的作用 --- p.39 / Chapter 六、 --- 道德性向的補充：道德客觀主義的傾向 --- p.40 / Chapter 七、 --- 其他性向的作用 --- p.46 / Chapter 八、 --- 反駁萬氏斷言的破壞性論果 --- p.47 / Chapter 九、 --- 德福一致的世界觀 --- p.48 / Chapter 十、 --- 各種性向在社會轉變中所可能扮演的角色 --- p.50 / Chapter 丁、 --- 結語：可塑性的限制及必要 --- p.51 / Chapter 第二章： --- 墨家認爲自利是人類主要的推動力來源? --- p.53 / Chapter 甲、 --- 「自利假說」的內涵 --- p.53 / Chapter 乙、 --- 「自利假說」的證據之一：早期墨家的政治理論 --- p.54 / Chapter 一、 --- 「自利假說」於此不能成立的表面理由 --- p.55 / Chapter 二、 --- 「以利訓義」的還原主義式退守方法及其限制 --- p.56 / Chapter 三、 --- 對於方氏第一道問題的回應 --- p.58 / Chapter 四、 --- 對於方氏第二道問題的回應 --- p.63 / Chapter 丙、 --- 「自利假說」的證據之二 ：「兼愛」「難而不可」的回應 --- p.64 / Chapter 一、 --- 「難而不可」的反駁之內容回顧及解說 --- p.64 / Chapter 二、 --- 「自利假說」在上述四項斷言中的位置 --- p.66 / Chapter 三、 --- 「難而不可」之論的核心 --- p.67 / Chapter 四、 --- 小結 --- p.70 / Chapter 丁、 --- 「自利假說」的證據之三：「託友論證」 --- p.72 / Chapter 一、 --- 「託友論證」的回顧 --- p.72 / Chapter 二、 --- 「託友論證」的要旨 --- p.73 / Chapter 三、 --- 「託友論證」的效力 --- p.74 / Chapter 四、 --- 「自利假說」以外的詮釋選項 --- p.75 / Chapter 戊、 --- 結語：「自利」在《墨子》中的地位 --- p.75 / Chapter 第三章： --- 墨子不相信人類共有一些先前的性向用以實踐「兼愛」？ --- p.77 / Chapter 甲、 --- 「先前性向說」的論據 --- p.77 / Chapter 一、 --- 反面證據 --- p.77 / Chapter 二、 --- 正面證據 --- p.78 / Chapter 乙、 --- 對於「先前性向說」的論據之反駁 --- p.78 / Chapter 一、 --- 「自利」這種先前性向的作用 --- p.78 / Chapter 二、 --- 先前已有的道德性向之作用 --- p.79 / Chapter 三、 --- 正面證據中最後兩點的比喻之解說 --- p.82 / Chapter 四、 --- 「親疏有序」的情感性向與「兼愛」的實踐 --- p.83 / Chapter 丙、 --- 「先前性向說」所構成的問題之癥結所在 --- p.84 / Chapter 一、 --- 基於心理狀態不同的行爲區分 --- p.85 / Chapter 二、 --- 兼愛」實踐的歸類及當中蘊含的問題 --- p.85 / Chapter 丁、 --- 各家對於「兼愛」的詮釋 --- p.86 / Chapter 戊、 --- 「先前性向說」所構成的破壞力 --- p.88 / Chapter 一、 --- 由自利性向所發動的「兼愛」所蘊含的問題 --- p.89 / Chapter 二、 --- 由道德性向所發動的「兼愛」所蕴含的問題 --- p.90 / Chapter 三、 --- 對於上述問題的可能回應及由此弓丨伸的後果 --- p.91 / Chapter 己、 --- 回應的第一步：「兼愛」的本義 --- p.92 / Chapter 一、 --- 「兼愛」的新詮釋 --- p.92 / Chapter 二、 --- 與新詮釋相左的文句所構成的問題 --- p.93 / Chapter 三、 --- 以上問題的回應 --- p.94 / Chapter 四、 --- 節約風¯‘ة與新詮釋之間的張力 --- p.95 / Chapter 五、 --- 「孝子」之義與「孝子」之事 --- p.97 / Chapter 六、 --- 「託友論證」與新詮釋之間的張力 --- p.101 / Chapter 七、 --- 「朋友」之義與「朋友」之事 --- p.101 / Chapter 八、 --- 家庭在「兼愛」的實踐當中所處的地位 --- p.103 / Chapter 九、 --- 與新詮釋相左的文句之新解：一種思考模式 --- p.104 / Chapter 十、 --- 「兼愛」與情感的關係 --- p.105 / Chapter 十一、 --- 「交相利」的意義 --- p.108 / Chapter 庚、 --- 回應的第二步：道德判斷、行爲與動機三者的關係 --- p.109 / Chapter 一、 --- 早期墨家所謂的道德欲求之性質 --- p.110 / Chapter 二、 --- 從倪氏思路發展下來的攻擊所要面對的兩難 --- p.111 / Chapter 三、 --- 對倪式攻擊所作的修補 --- p.113 / Chapter 四、 --- 可能回應之一：推翻上文的詮釋 --- p.114 / Chapter 五、 --- 可能回應之二：採取道德判斷的「非認知主義」 --- p.115 / Chapter 六、 --- 可能回應之三：承認「反休謨主義」 --- p.117 / Chapter 七、 --- 支持「反休謨主義」的理據 --- p.118 / Chapter 八、 --- 早期墨家對於道德判斷、行爲及動機關係的立場 --- p.119 / Chapter 辛、 --- 回應的第三步：關於工夫的觀點 --- p.120 / Chapter 一、 --- 餘下的兩點問題 --- p.121 / Chapter 二、 --- 對於第一點的回應：情感性向的調度 --- p.121 / Chapter 三、 --- 對於第二點的回應：「依法練習」的重要性 --- p.122 / Chapter 壬、 --- 結語：「一本」與「二本」 --- p.126 / Chapter 乙部： --- 早期墨家的工夫論 --- p.129 / Chapter 甲、 --- 「工夫」意義的限定 --- p.129 / Chapter 乙、 --- 背景淺介 --- p.130 / Chapter 第四章： --- 早期墨家所提倡之工夫的性質及內容 --- p.131 / Chapter 甲、 --- 外在型工夫的推動效力 --- p.131 / Chapter 一、 --- 傳統的觀點 --- p.131 / Chapter 二、 --- 支持外在型工夫具有推動效力的理由 --- p.132 / Chapter 乙、 --- 外在型工夫的道德價値 --- p.134 / Chapter 一、 --- 傳統的觀點 --- p.134 / Chapter 二、 --- 支持外在型工夫具有道德價値的理由 --- p.135 / Chapter 丙、 --- 早期墨家所建議的工夫之一 ：「賞罰毀譽」 --- p.138 / Chapter 一、 --- 「賞罰毀譽」在早期墨家工夫論中的位置及作用 --- p.140 / Chapter 二、 --- 節約風¯‘ة對「賞罰毀譽」所構成的問題 --- p.141 / Chapter 丁、 --- 早期墨家所建議的工夫之二 ：「¯‘ة同制度」 --- p.144 / Chapter 一、 --- 「¯‘ة同制度」的新詮釋 --- p.147 / Chapter 二、 --- 「集體學習」可能潛在的問題 --- p.149 / Chapter 三、 --- 「¯‘ة同制度」的具體操作 --- p.152 / Chapter 四、 --- 「¯‘ة同制度」對於人類性向的影響 --- p.153 / Chapter 五、 --- 人民在「¯‘ة同制度」中所起的作用 --- p.155 / Chapter 六、 --- 小結 --- p.156 / Chapter 戊、 --- 結語：終極「法儀」所可能弓丨伸的問題 --- p.157 / 結論 --- p.159 / Chapter 甲、 --- 人性論、工夫論及規範理論的關係 --- p.159 / Chapter 乙、 --- 「合理性」的意義 --- p.160 / Chapter 丙、 --- 早期墨家的人性論、工夫論及主要規範的槪要回顧 --- p.161 / Chapter 丁、 --- 三道假然句式的真確性 --- p.162 / 附錄 / 參考文獻目錄 --- p.164 / 外文著作之學者的中外文姓名對照表 --- p.167 / 鳴謝 --- p.168

Följande uppsats behandlar fyra hovporträtt av konstnären Bronzino föreställande fursteparet Cosimo I de’ Medici och Eleonora di Toledo speglade mot de litterära källorna Machiavellis Fursten och Castigliones Boken om hovmannen. Uppsatsen empiriska material kommer således att bestå av ovanstående material placeras framför varandra för att belysa dess beröringspunkter, både i fråga om likheter och olikheter. Analysens teoriangrepp kommer med avstamp i Roland Barthes semiotiska bildanalys att närma sig porträttens denotativa men främst konnotativa uttryck. Vidare har Shearer Wests bok Portraiture använts för förståelsen kring porträttet som genre i dess historiska kontext. Undersökningens disposition består av två huvudrubriker varav den första behandlar den historiska kontexten och den sista delen själva bildanalyserna. Resultatet visar på att samtliga porträtt av Cosimo och Eleonora finner flera beröringspunkter i Machiavellis furstespegel som Castigliones hovmannaideal, men skiljer sig delvis beroende på porträtt. Vidare har undersökningen visat på att Cosimo i sina två utvalda statsporträtt – valde att i det senare gestalta sig själv i en måttfullare stil – inte helt olik den måttfullhet som skildras i såväl Castigliones litterära verk som visuella porträtt. Cosimos tidigare porträtt svarar dock bättre mot Machiavellis idé om imitering. De två porträtten av Eleonora finner även dom olika samband med textmaterial och där Eleonoras senare statsporträtt tycks besitta flera av hertiginnans drag – något som inte med samma tydlighet framträder i det tidigare porträttet. Gemensamt för alla porträtt är deras avsaknad av sprezzatura som den allra viktigaste egenskapen för en person vid hovet.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T15:55:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 regina_silva_santos.pdf: 994226 bytes, checksum: 2d65c8a318f4c25b5c82de13adb8fbad (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T15:56:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 regina_silva_santos.pdf: 994226 bytes, checksum: 2d65c8a318f4c25b5c82de13adb8fbad (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T15:56:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 regina_silva_santos.pdf: 994226 bytes, checksum: 2d65c8a318f4c25b5c82de13adb8fbad (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-05T15:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 regina_silva_santos.pdf: 994226 bytes, checksum: 2d65c8a318f4c25b5c82de13adb8fbad (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para avaliar o efeito de dietas, contendo dois n?veis de prote?na bruta e de concentrado sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente total dos nutrientes, o balan?o de nitrog?nio (BN), o pH, a concentra??o de nitrog?nio amoniacal (N-NH3) no r?men, a efici?ncia microbiana e o desempenho em cordeiros. As dietas consistiram de 10,0 e 14,25% de prote?na bruta (PB) e de 40 e 60% de concentrado (CONC), utilizando-se a silagem de milho como volumoso. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados quatro cordeiros machos, n?o castrados, F1 Santa In?s x Texel desmamados, com peso vivo m?dio de 21 kg, fistulados no r?men e distribu?dos em quadrado latino 4 x 4, com quatro animais, quatro dietas e quatro per?odos. Cada per?odo experimental teve dura??o de 15 dias, sendo nove dias para adapta??o e seis para coletas. Houve efeito da intera??o tripla (PBxCONCxTempo) sobre os teores de nitrog?nio amoniacal ruminal, enquanto o pH n?o foi afetado. N?o houve efeito da intera??o PB x CONC sobre as vari?veis estudadas. Houve efeito de n?veis de PB sobre o consumo e a digestibildade de PB, bem como, sobre as quantidades de N ingerido, absorvido, urin?rio e retido (BN) e sobre as excre??es de ?cido ?rico. No ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados 30 cordeiros F1 Santa In?s x Texel, n?o castrados, com peso vivo m?dio de 19 kg, distribu?dos em esquema fatorial 2x2, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro dietas e oito repeti??es. Al?m desses, mais quatro cordeiros foram abatidos no in?cio da fase experimental, representando os animais refer?ncia. Houve efeito da intera??o de n?veis de PB e de concentrado para os consumos de EE, FDNcp e CNF. Houve efeito de n?veis de PB sobre os consumos de MS, MO, PB, FDNcp, NDT, PDR e PNDR, o GMD, GCPCJ e a CA. Houve efeito dos n?veis de concentrado sobre os consumos de MS, MO, PB, CNF e NDT e sobre GMD, GCPCJ, GCPCJ/GMD e CA. Conclui-se que, dietas com n?vel mais alto de PB ou de concentrado, proporcionam mais alto consumo de nutrientes e melhor desempenho animal. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT Two essays were performed in order to evaluate the effects of diets containing two levels of crude protein and concentrate on the consumption, the total apparent digestibility of the nutrients, the nitrogen balance, the pH, the N-NH3 concentration in the rumen, the microbial efficiency and the performance in lambs. The diets consisted of 10,0 and 14,25% crude protein (CP) and 40 and 60% concentrate, using corn silage as forage. In the digestibility essay, four male lambs were used. The animals were not castrated, F1 Santa In?s x Texel, weaned, rumen fistulated, presented an average live weight of 21 kg and were distributed in Latin square 4 x 4, with four diets and four periods. Each experimental period lasted 15 days, being nine of it for adaptation and six for the collections. Triple interaction (CP x CONC x Time) acted on the ruminal ammonia nitrogen contents, while the pH was not affected. The interaction between CP x CONC had no effect on the studied variables. The CP levels presented an effect on the consumption and the PB digestibility, as for the amounts of ingested, absorbed and urinary nitrogen and for the uric acid excretions. In the performance essays, 30 ?F1 Santa In?s x Texel? castrated lambs were used, presenting an average live weight of 19 kg and distributed in the randomized block design using four treatments and eight replicates. Beside these lambs, other four were slaughtered in the beginning of the experimental phase, representing the reference animals. The PB and the concentrate levels interaction affected the EE, NDFap and NFC consumption. The CP levels also affected the DM, OM, CP, NDFap, TDN, RDP and RUP, ADG, CGBWF and FC consumption. The concentrate levels affected DM, OM, CP, NFCap and TDN and also ADG, CGBWF, GCBWF/ADG and FC replicates. So, we conclude the crude protein and concentrate levels do not affect the nutrients consumption and digestibility, except for the crude protein which is higher in a diet with high protein levels, that also provide higher nitrogen balance values, N-NH3 concentrations and uric acid excretions. The diets containing 14,25% PB or 60% concentrate promote higher nutrients consumptions and better lambs performances.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-18T13:31:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 igor_nero_kelles_lage.pdf: 553484 bytes, checksum: f586c23a68b5565ba2fdb50202e3ac93 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-18T13:31:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 igor_nero_kelles_lage.pdf: 553484 bytes, checksum: f586c23a68b5565ba2fdb50202e3ac93 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-18T13:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 igor_nero_kelles_lage.pdf: 553484 bytes, checksum: f586c23a68b5565ba2fdb50202e3ac93 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar quanto ? classe sexual de bovinos influencia as caracter?sticas de desempenho, consumo, efici?ncia alimentar, al?m das caracter?sticas de carca?a e qualidade de carne. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se 15 bovinos, sendo 5 machos castrados, 5 f?meas castradas e 5 f?meas. Os animais foram distribu?dos aleatoriamente em baias individuais, onde receberam a mesma dieta por um per?odo de 106 dias. Ao final do experimento, foram abatidos e coletados os dados referentes ?s caracter?sticas de carca?a: pH, temperatura, peso das carca?as quentes e frias, ?rg?os e v?sceras. Da meia carca?a direita foram pesados os cortes: ac?m, paleta, ponta de agulha, cox?o e alcatra completa. Na meia carca?a esquerda, foram mensuradas a ?rea de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura subcut?nea e o comprimento da carca?a. A sec??o HH foi retirada de cada animal, entre a 9? e a 11? costela; e dela foram separados e pesados os m?sculos, gordura e ossos. Foi coletada uma amostra do m?sculo Longissimus dorsi, correspondente a cada animal para an?lises de composi??o qu?mica, ?ndice de fragmenta??o miofibrilar, for?a de cisalhamento, porcentagem de col?geno sol?vel e teor de col?geno total, colora??o e c?lculo das perdas. Entre as classes sexuais n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica para ganho de peso, consumo e digestibilidade da mat?ria seca e dos nutrientes, efici?ncia alimentar e caracter?sticas de carca?a. Avaliando-se o m?sculo Longissimus dorsi dos bovinos pertencentes ?s diferentes classes sexuais, verificou-se tamb?m que n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica para as vari?veis: maciez, cor, pH, percentual de col?geno sol?vel e quantidade total de col?geno, perdas e composi??o qu?mica. De acordo com as caracter?sticas de carca?a, desempenho, consumo, efici?ncia alimentar e das caracter?sticas qualitativas da carne avaliadas, verifica-se que n?o h? necessidade de castra??o de f?meas e machos bovinos com o intuito de aumentar o desempenho, melhorar as caracter?sticas de carca?a e qualidade de carne. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT The goal of this work was to evaluate how cattle gender profile influences performance, intake, feed efficiency, as long as carcass and traits beef quality. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design, using 15 animals (5 steers, 5 spayed heifers and 5 intact heifers.) They animals were distributed randomly in individual pens. All animals receive the same diet for a period of 106 days. At the end of the experiment, they were slaughtered and data related to the carcass were collected: pH, temperature, of hot and cold carcass weight, organs and visceral weight. The right half carcass was processed into chuck, shoulder, flank boneless, round, and d-rump. From de left half carcass was taken of measure of the rib eye area, fat thickness and carcass length. From the 9th to 11th left half carcass, the rib was cut off (HH section) and then dissected into muscle, fat and bones. A sample of the Longissimus dorsi muscle from each carcass was collected and analyze for it?s chemical composition, myofibrillar fragmentation index, shear force, percentage of total and soluble collagen, color, and losses. Among the sexual classes there wasn?t any difference on performance, intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, feed efficiency or carcass characteristics. Evaluating the Longissimus dorsi muscles of the cattle from different sexual classes it was verified that there wasn?t any difference for the variables: MFI, Shear force, color, pH, percentage of total and soluble collagen, loss and chemical composition. From the data of carcass traits, performance, intake, feed efficiency and meat quality evaluated it can be concluded that there isn?t necessary to castrate heifers and steers in order to increase performance and improve carcass traits and meat quality.

Submitted by repositorio ufvjm (repositorio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-10T10:52:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) evandro_silveira_de_oliveira.pdf: 3657139 bytes, checksum: c42584f30e68c8e424c7de51074af2cc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by repositorio ufvjm (repositorio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-10T10:58:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) evandro_silveira_de_oliveira.pdf: 3657139 bytes, checksum: c42584f30e68c8e424c7de51074af2cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T10:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) evandro_silveira_de_oliveira.pdf: 3657139 bytes, checksum: c42584f30e68c8e424c7de51074af2cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Justificativa: Considerou-se que o impacto do tratamento odontol?gico na qualidade de vida e na autoestima de pacientes submetidos ? hemodi?lise ainda n?o est? esclarecido, sendo necess?rios novos estudos de base populacional para melhor conhecimento dos efeitos dessa patologia. Objetivo: Verificar se o tratamento odontol?gico minimamente invasivo ? capaz de gerar melhoria na qualidade de vida e na autoestima de pacientes submetidos a hemodi?lise. M?todos: Realizou-se um estudo intervencional com 46 pacientes Submetidos ? hemodi?lise na cidade de Diamantina, Brasil. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a presen?a ou n?o de dentes; dentados e desdentados. Os pacientes desdentados receberam informa??o sobre higiene bucal e realizaram bochechos com gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%. O grupo dentado recebeu raspagem em sess?o ?nica de 45 minutos e tamb?m realizou o bochecho, caso fosse necess?rio tamb?m eram realizados: resinas anteriores, recontorno de restaura??es, fechamento de cavidades com cimento de ion?mero de vidro e exodontias de emerg?ncia. As informa??es sobre as condi??es de sa?de bucal e fatores socioecon?micos foram obtidas atrav?s de um prontu?rio aplicado por um cirurgi?o dentista. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada atrav?s do instrumento Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Questionnaire (SF-36) e Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) na sua vers?o 14. J? para a autoestima utilizou-se a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Os question?rios foram aplicados antes do tratamento e ap?s 45 dias. As an?lises estat?sticas foram efetuadas com o pacote estat?stico SPSS? para Windows? (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Inc., IBM) na vers?o 22.0. Foram realizadas an?lises descritivas, teste de Wilcoxon, Mann_Whitney e Spearman. O n?vel de signific?ncia adotado foi de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: A m?dia de idade foi 50,24 anos (?15,60) e o ?ndice CPO-D m?dio foi de 21,83 (?11,12). Houve signific?ncia estat?stica nas dimens?es do SF-36 no grupo ed?ntulo e dentado. O grupo dentado apresentou signific?ncia em quase todas as dimens?es do OHIP-14 e melhora da autoestima. Conclus?es: O tratamento odontol?gico gerou melhora significativa da qualidade de vida e da autoestima dos pacientes submetidos ? hemodi?lise, sendo o impacto maior nos pacientes que possuem dentes. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Odontologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / Background: The impact of dental treatment on quality of life and self-esteem of patients undergoing hemodialysis is not clear, requiring population-based studies to better understand the effects of this disease. Objective: To verify if the minimally invasive dental treatment is able to improve quality of life and self-esteem of hemodialysis patients. Methods: It was an interventional study with 46 patients subjected to hemodialysis in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of teeth; toothed and toothless. The edentulous patients received information about oral hygiene and performed mouthwash with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate. The dentate group received one session scraping in 45 minutes and also held the mouthwash, if necessary were performed: previous resins, restorations recontouring, closing cavities with glass ionomer cement and emergency extractions. Information on oral health status and socioeconomic factors were obtained through a chart applied by a dentist. Quality of life was assessed using the instrument Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Questionnaire (SF-36) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) in their version 14. As for the self-esteem used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The questionnaires were applied before treatment and after 45 days. Statistical analyzes were performed with the statistical package SPSS for Windows (Statistical Package for Social Sciences Inc., IBM) in version 22.0. Descriptive analyzes were carried out, Wilcoxon test and Spearman Mann_Whitney. The significance level was 5% (p <0.05). Results: The mean age was 50.24 years (? 15.60) and the average DMFT index was 21.83 (? 11.12). There was statistical significance in the dimensions of the SF-36 in edentulous and dentate group. The dentate group showed significance in almost all dimensions of OHIP-14 and improved self-esteem. Conclusions: The treatment produced a significant improvement in quality of life and self- esteem of patients undergoing hemodialysis. The largest impact occured on patients who have teeth.

Cette dissertation étudie les processus de création de la Cie. Teatro di Stravaganza pendant ses 21 ans d'activités, du point de vu du théâtre fait en groupe: une unité de travail cohérente, qui propose un téâthre qui a un caractère de recherche, qui cherche de nouvelles reférences et une organisation de colaboration, avec une responsabilité collective dans l'élaboration de la conception esthétique et idéologique. Nous reprenons ici la mémoire des processus de création des principaux spectacles qui ont fait partie du répertoire de la Compagnie, et nous consacrons une attention spéciale au spectacle DECAMERON, propulseur de possibilités vers un chemin d'innovation et d'inspiration poétique. Ce travail dialogue avec les idées de Vsevolod Meyerhold, Jacques Copeau, Jacques Lecoq et Philippe Gaulier, entre autres. Nous prétendons mettre en évidence le principal différentiel du travail de cette compagnie, cet à dire, les points forts de ces productions: le jeux entre les acteurs et la visualité de la scène. / Esta dissertação estuda os processos criativos da Cia. Teatro di Stravaganza em seus 21 anos de existência, a partir da ótica do teatro de grupo: uma unidade de trabalho consistente, que propõe um teatro que tenha um caráter de pesquisa, de busca de novos referentes e uma organização colaborativa, com responsabilidade coletiva na concepção do projeto estético e ideológico. Resgatamos a memória dos processos de criação das principais peças que compuseram o repertório da Companhia, dedicando atenção especial ao espetáculo DECAMERON, propulsor de possibilidades numa trilha de inovação e inspiração poética. Este trabalho dialoga com as idéias de Vsevolod Meyerhold, Jacques Copeau, Jacques Lecoq e Philippe Gaulier, entre outros. Buscamos destacar os principais diferenciais do trabalho desta companhia, destacando como pontos fortes de suas montagens o jogo dos atores e a visualidade da cena.

A novel free radical-based substitution reaction was developed for grafting aromatic/heteroaromatic compounds to perfluorosulfonic acid polymers (PFSAs). Two proton-exchange membranes perfluorobenzoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorobenzenesulfonic acid (PFBSA)—were synthesized for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells via the free radical-based reaction. The physical properties, in-plane ionic conductivities and fuel cell performance of two membranes were investigated. They exhibited different electrochemical and physical properties, possibly due to the formation of unique dimerized/trimerized structure of –CO2H groups in the PFBA membrane. A free radical-based thermolytic reaction under a high temperature (180 oC)/pressure (1000 psi) condition in the presence of TFA and hydrogen peroxide is first demonstrated. A novel perfluorotetrafluoroaniline (PFTFAn) polymer was synthesized from PFSA and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroaniline in one step via the thermolytic reaction. After doping H2SO4 in the PFTFAn polymer, a new conjugated acid membrane (H2SO4-doped PFTFAn) was obtained. The H2SO4-doped PFTFAn membrane displayed better chemical stability and mechanical properties than NafionTM due to the removal of –SO3H groups. The second part of this thesis deals with fluoropolymer-based anion-exchange membranes. A new class of coordinated metal/perfluoropolymer type composite membranes were synthesized and characterized for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). A membrane comprised of perfluoro(phenyl-2,2’:6’,2”-terpyridine) polymer, ZrO(ClO4)2 nanoclusters, and 2,2’:6’,2”-terpyridine displayed the highest conductivity of 23.1 mS/cm at 60 oC. The chemical stability test of composite membrane showed no conductivity loss after refluxing in 7 M KOH solution at 120 oC for 2,200 h. A H+ coordinated cage-shape molecule with a benzyl group (Bn-proton cage) was designed and synthesized as a base-stable anion-exchange group. By employing the free radical-based reaction, Bn-proton cage was grafted to a fluoropolymer to yield a stable anion-conductive membrane under alkaline conditions. The third part of this thesis is our design, synthesis and test of ionic liquids for reversible SO2 absorption. Novel di-cationic ionic liquids (DILs) were designed and synthesized for SO2 absorption. DILs were found to have better SO2 absorption capabilities than mono-cationic ionic liquids (MILs). A chloride-based DIL comprised of two N-methylimidazolium cations and a PEG9 (HO-(CH2CH2O)9-H) chain could reversibly uptake 3.710 mole SO2 per mole DIL under ambient conditions. The anion, temperature and water impact on SO2 absorption in DILs was investigated. Although replacing chloride with triflate or tosylate groups led to a reduced SO2 absorption for the DILs, a high selectivity against CO2 was observed in CO2 absorption test.

La presente ricerca ha l’obiettivo di studiare il potenziale istruttivo/sociologico istruttivo delle misure associate al perdono giudiziario. Partendo da considerazioni attorno alla Dottrina di Protezione Integrale, analizza il citato Istituto, il suo concetto, la natura giuridica, i criteri di applicazione, in accordo al sistema giuridico patrio, alla Costituzione Federale, ai principi costituzionali, al sistema accusatorio ed al Patto di San José da Costa Rica. Paragona le pratiche relazionate al perdono giudiziario coi concetti dell’epistemologia genetica di Jean Piaget e colle pratiche pedagogiche sostenute da Paulo Freire in La Pedagogia dell’Autonomia. I risultati empirici paragonati alle basi teoriche citate rilevano il basso potenziale istruttivo delle pratiche adottate nell’uso del perdono giudiziario. / A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de averiguar o potencial educativo/socioeducativo das medidas associadas à remissão. A partir de considerações acerca da Doutrina da Proteção Integral analisa o referido instituto; seu conceito, natureza jurídica, critérios de aplicação; conformação ao sistema jurídico pátrio, à Constituição Federal, aos princípios constitucionais, ao sistema acusatório e ao Pacto de São José da Costa Rica. Coteja as práticas relacionadas à remissão com os conceitos da epistemologia genética de Jean Piaget e com as práticas pedagógicas defendidas por Paulo Freire em Pedagogia da Autonomia. Os resultados empíricos em cotejo com as bases teóricas mencionadas revelam o baixo potencial educativo das práticas adotadas no emprego da remissão.

Le marché des alicaments est en pleine évolution et fait l'objet de recherches importantes dans le secteur agroalimentaire. Cette thèse a pour objectif de caractériser expérimentalement un procédé de production de caramels riches en dianhydrides de fructose (DAF) à l'échelle laboratoire en vue d'une extrapolation à l'échelle semi-pilote par CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Ces caramels ont été préparés à partir d'un sirop de fructose en présence d'une résine qui joue le rôle de catalyseur. L'influence du titre en fructose, de la teneur en résine et de la température a été étudiée. Dans un premier temps, une étude a été menée pour établir des lois de vitesse à partir d'un mécanisme de réaction simplifié. Le suivi cinétique permet d'atteindre jusqu'à 50% de DAF selon les conditions opératoires. Dans un second temps, la caractérisation des fluides prenant part lors de la réaction de caramélisation a été étudiée. Un changement de comportement a été observé lors de la réaction. Le fluide newtonien devient non-newtonien (rhéofluidifiant). Dans un troisième temps, le comportement hydrodynamique du système a été analysé par CFD afin de proposer un semi-pilote présentant des résultats similaires à ceux mesurés à l'échelle laboratoire. La proposition issue du calcul numérique basé sur les nombres adimensionnels est un réacteur discontinu de géométrie cylindrique muni d'un agitateur de type semi-circulaire. Le mélangeur statique a été aussi envisagé. Dans ce cas, la vitesse radiale du fluide (0,2 m.s-1) est le facteur d'extrapolation. Enfin, la faible consommation énergétique de ce réacteur continu présente unvéritable atout pour produire des caramels à l'échelle industrielle. / The functional food market (foods with beneficial properties for health) is increasing and is subject of important research in the food industry. The goal of this thesis has been experimental characterization of caramels with high proportion of di-fructose anhydrides (DFA) processes, using laboratory-scale experiments with the aim to design a semi-pilot-scale reactor by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). These caramels were prepared from a solution of fructose syrup with a resin catalyst. The influence of the ratio fructose/water, proportion of resin and temperature were studied. In a first step, a study was carried out to establish the kinetics laws from a simplified reaction mechanism. The results showed a DAF’s yield of up to 50% depending on the operating conditions. In a second step, the fluids involved in caramelization reaction were characterized. A behavior change outcome was observed during the reaction: the Newtonian fluid becomes non-Newtonian (rheofluidifying). In a third step, the hydrodynamic behavior was analyzed by CFD in order to propose a semi-pilot-scale reactor with similar results to laboratory scale. The numerical modeling based on non-dimensional numbers proposes a batch reactor with cylindrical geometry equipped with a stirrer of semi-circular type. The static mixer was also contemplated. In this case, the radial velocity of fluid (0.2 m.s-1) is the scale up factor. Finally, the low energy consumption of this continuous reactor represents a real advantage to produce caramel to industrial scale / El mercado de los alimentos funcionales (alimentos con propiedades benéficas para la salud) está en plena evolución y ha sidoobjeto de investigación en la industria alimentaria. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo caracterizar experimentalmente un proceso aescala de laboratorio para producir caramelos con alto contenido en dianhídridos de fructosa (DAF), con el fin de extrapolar a unaescala semi-piloto utilizando CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Estos caramelos son obtenidos a partir de jarabe de fructosautilizando una resina como catalizador. Se estudió la influencia de la proporción de fructosa, la proporción de resina y de latemperatura. En una primera etapa, se realizó un estudio para establecer las leyes de velocidad a partir de un mecanismo dereacción simplificado. El seguimiento cinético permitió alcanzar un rendimiento de hasta 50% en DAF dependiendo de lascondiciones operatorias. En una segunda etapa, se realizó una caracterización de los fluidos implicados en la reacción decaramelización. Un cambio en el comportamiento del fluido durante la reacción fue observado. El fluido newtoniano se comportacomo fluido no-newtoniano (adelgazante). En una tercera etapa, el comportamiento hidrodinámico del sistema fue analizadomediante CFD, a fin de proponer un reactor semi-piloto que presente resultados similares a los calculados para la escalalaboratorio. La propuesta resultante del modelo matemático basado en los números adimensionales, es un reactor por lotes con unageometría cilíndrica y un agitador de tipo semicircular. Un mezclado estático fue también conceptualizado. En este caso, lavelocidad radial del fluido (0,2 m.s-1) fue el factor de extrapolación del proceso. Por último, el bajo consumo de energía de estereactor continuo representa una verdadera ventaja para la producción de caramelos a nivel industrial.

In the present study, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate modes of action of selected EDCs including mercury chloride (HgCl2), bisphenol A (BPA), vinclozolin (VZ) and Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) on male reproductive physiology in fish. Results obtained from in vitro studies showed that EDCs decrease sperm motility via disruption in energetics and damage to spermatozoa; however the effective doses are higher than reported in the environmentally relevant concentrations. In contrast, in vivo studies showed adverse effects of BPA, VZ, and DEHP on sperm quality at environmentally relevant concentrations. Decrease in sperm quality is associated with disruption in testicular steroidogenesis, particularly inhibition of androgens. Only BPA induced vitellogenin production, associated with increase in transcripts of estrogen receptor, androgen receptor and cytochrome P450 mRNA at the high dose approaching environmental level. Inhibition of androgen production is due to disruption in transfer of cholesterol into the steroidogenesis pathway, because transcript of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein mRNA was decreased. In addition, BPA acts through sex steroid-mediated mechanism while DEHP mode of action is sex-steroid independent mechanism.