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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Velocidade de propagação de ondas de ultra-som na madeira para diferentes condições de umidade / Variations in ultrasonic wave velocity with moisture content

Costa, Odilon Antonio Leme da 09 September 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Raquel Gonçalves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T23:17:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_OdilonAntonioLemeda_D.pdf: 609036 bytes, checksum: 7d2e8a120668fe4865c7b99b8f0ef0a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A madeira, sendo um material higroscópico, tem suas propriedades mecânicas e elásticas afetadas por condições ambientais. Sendo assim, a relação de dependência de propriedades da madeira com a variação do teor de umidade tem merecido, há muito tempo, a atenção de pesquisadores de todo o mundo. Um dos grandes avanços obtidos nos últimos anos na caracterização de materiais, tanto do ponto de vista mecânico quanto de qualidade, é a aplicação de técnicas não destrutivas, denominadas internacionalmente como NDT ¿ Non Destructive Testing e NDE ¿ Non Destructive Evaluation, destacando-se dentro elas o uso do ultra-som. No entanto, da mesma forma que as propriedades mecânicas e elásticas, sabe-se que a velocidade de propagação das ondas de ultra-som na madeira é afetada pela umidade, o que torna a quantificação desta influência de fundamental importância para a análise e a projeção de resultados obtidos nas mais diversificadas propostas de estudos que envolvam a aplicação do método do ultra-som. Este projeto teve, portanto, o objetivo de estudar o comportamento da velocidade de propagação de ondas de compressão (longitudinais) na madeira em função da umidade. Paralelamente foram também estudados o comportamento dos coeficientes da diagonal da matriz de rigidez (CLL, CRR e CTT), bem como a anisotropia da madeira por meio da avaliação da velocidade nas três direções principais (longitudinal, radial e tangencial). Para a medição das velocidades de propagação das ondas de ultra-som (VLL, VRR e VTT) e para o cálculo dos termos da diagonal da matriz de rigidez (CLL, CRR e CTT) foram utilizados 75 (setenta e cinco) corpos de prova de dimensões 300 mm na direção longitudinal, 60 mm na direção radial e 30 mm na direção tangencial ou 300 mm na direção longitudinal, 30 mm na direção radial e 60 mm na direção tangencial, sendo 15 corpos-de-prova de cada uma das cinco espécies de madeira estudadas: Pinho do Paraná (Araucária angustifólia), a Imbuia (Ocotea porosa), a Cupiúba (Goupia glabra), o Pinus elliottii (Pinus elliottii) e o Eucalipto citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora). Essas medições foram sendo realizadas durante a secagem dos corpos de prova, ou seja, desde a condição saturada até a condição seca em estufa. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a equação quadrática foi o modelo mais adequado para representar a variação da velocidade de propagação das ondas com a umidade para todas as espécies estudadas. Além disso, também para todas as espécies, foi possível concluir que a influência da umidade na velocidade de propagação das ondas de ultra-som se dá de maneira diferenciada em dois trechos, correspondentes a umidades abaixo e acima do ponto de saturação das fibras (PSF), sendo mais acentuada para o trecho correspondente a umidades abaixo do PSF. Foi também observado que a velocidade de propagação das ondas é mais influenciada pela umidade na direção longitudinal, seguida da radial e, por último da tangencial. Em relação aos coeficientes de rigidez, observou-se que, para umidades abaixo do PSF, o comportamento é semelhante aos obtidos para a resistência e a rigidez da madeira na maioria das propriedades mecânicas, ou seja, decresce com o acréscimo da umidade. Em algumas espécies, para o trecho correspondente a umidades acima do ponto de saturação das fibras, esse comportamento é afetado pela presença de água livre e pode ser corrigida utilizando-se, no cálculo, a densidade efetiva em lugar da densidade aparente. O comportamento da anisotropia foi diferenciado para as espécies estudadas / Abstract: The wood, being a higroscopic material, has their mechanical and elastic properties affected for environmental conditions. Being like this, the relationship of dependence of properties of the wood with the variation of the moisture content has been deserving, since a long time, the researcher's attention. One of the great progresses obtained in the last years in the characterization of materials, as much of the mechanical point of view as of quality, it is the application of techniques non destructive, denominated internationally like NDT - Non Destructive Testing and NDE - Non Destructive Evaluation, emphasizing the use of the ultrasound. However, in the same way that the mechanical and elastic properties, it is known that the speed of propagation of the ultrasound waves in the wood is affected by the moisture content, what turns the quantification of this influence of fundamental importance for the analysis and the projection of results obtained in the more diversified proposed of studies that involve the application of the method of the ultrasound. This project had, therefore, the objective of studying the behavior of the speed of propagation of compression waves (longitudinal) in the wood in function of the moisture content. Parallel they were also studied the behavior of the coefficients of the diagonal of the stiffness matrix (CLL, CRR and CTT), as well as the anisotropia of the wood through the evaluation of the speed in the three main directions (longitudinal, radial and tangential). For the measurement of the speeds of propagation of the ultrasound waves (VLL, VRR and VTT) and for the calculation of the terms of the diagonal of the rigidity matrix (CLL, CRR and CTT) were used 75 (seventy five) specimens and its dimensions were 300 mm in the longitudinal direction, 60 mm in the radial direction and 30 mm in the tangential direction or 300 mm in the longitudinal direction, 30 mm in the radial direction and 60 mm in the tangential direction, being 15 specimens of each one of the five studied species: Paraná Pine(Araucária angustifólia), Imbuia (Ocotea porosa), Cupiúba (Goupia glabra), Pinus elliottii (Pinus elliottii) and Eucalipto citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora). Those measurements went being accomplished during the drying of the specimens, in other words, from the condition saturated to the anhidrous condition. The results allowed to conclude that the quadratic equation was the most appropriate model to represent the variation of the speed of propagation of the waves with the moisture content for all of the studied species. Besides, also for all of the species, it was possible to conclude that the influence of the moisture content in the speed of propagation of the ultrasound waves feels in way differentiated in two intervals, corresponding to moisture content below and above the saturation fibers point (PSF), being more accentuated for the interval corresponding to moisture content below PSF. It was also observed that the speed of propagation of the waves is more influenced by the moisture content in the longitudinal direction, following by the radial and, last by the tangential. In relation to the rigidity coefficients, it was observed that, for moisture content below PSF, the behavior is similar to the obtained for the resistance and the rigidity of the wood in most of the mechanical properties, in other words, it decreases with the increment of the moisture content. In some species, for the passage corresponding to moisture content above the point of saturation of the fibers, that behavior is affected by the presence of free water and it can be corrected being used, in the calculation, the basic density or the effective density instead of the apparent density. The behavior of the anisotropia was different for the studied species / Doutorado / Construções Rurais e Ambiencia / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
92

A cidade e a reprodução de conhecimentos historico-educacionais : aproximações entre a Campinas moderna de Jose de Castro Mendes e a Barcelona "modelo" / The city and the production of historical-educational knowledge: approaches between the modern Campinas of Jose de Castro Mendes and the Barcelona "model"

Lopes, Fatima Faleiros 27 February 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Carolina Boverio Galzerani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T12:36:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_FatimaFaleiros_D.pdf: 5721849 bytes, checksum: be3e2670af94635dff3258f7b04aedf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A investigação diz respeito a  tematica da cidade na relação com o processo de expansão da modernidade capitalista, assim como com os conceitos de historia, memoria e educação. O eixo teorico-metodológico, é questão da produção de conhecimentos histórico-educacionais. Analiso a inserção social do intelectual José de Castro Mendes (1901-1970) em Campinas- SP, bem como as visões desta cidade por ele elaboradas e divulgadas na imprensa local, no início da década de 1960. Estabeleço aproximações entre Campinas e Barcelona (Espanha) pertinentes à construção, nestas duas cidades, da concepção de cidade moderna e, no caso de Barcelona, também de cidade 'modelo'. Interessa-me investigar as potencialidades histórico-educacionais contidas no espaço urbano, sendo este enfocado como patrimonio cultural. / Abstract: This investigation is focused on a city and its relation with a modern capitalistic expansion process, as well as the concepts of history, memory and education. The theoreticalmethodological focus is on the issue of the production of historic-educational knowledge. I analyze the social inclusion of an intellectual, José de Castro Mendes (1901-1970), in Campinas - SP, as well as the visions he described of this city, which were published by the local press in the early 60â?¿s. I establish a relation between Campinas and Barcelona (Spain) regarding the development, in these two cities, of the modern city concept, and for Barcelona, also the concept of a â?¿role modelâ?? city. I am interested in investigating historic and educational potentials included in the urban space, which is focused as a cultural patrimony / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação
93

Súmulas e orientações jurisprudenciais do tribunal superior do trabalho: procedimentos para elaboração e controle de validade em face de sua tendência vinculante / Jurisprudential precedents and guidelines of the Superior Labor Court: procedures for the preparation and control of validity under his tendency binding.

Letícia Prebianca 20 May 2013 (has links)
As súmulas e orientações jurisprudenciais no âmbito do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho foi o tema escolhido para o presente trabalho e objetiva evidenciar o procedimento de criação e edição e validade destes institutos do ordenamento pátrio, diante do sistema jurídico adotado e das tendências atuais em torná-los como de cumprimento obrigatório. Para o enfrentamento das múltiplas questões que permeiam este assunto, e com o suporte metodológico da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se estudo da natureza jurídica da atividade jurisdicional, dos sistemas adotados e das tendências constatadas. Também faz parte desse esforço uma análise dos argumentos favoráveis e contrários ao sistema pautado em súmulas tendencialmente vinculantes. Como forma de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma teoria geral acerca da validade dos verbetes expedidos pelo Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, buscou-se, no sistema jurídico do common law, técnicas e pressupostos que possam ser aproveitados no civil law. O estudo desenvolvido possibilitou verificar a inevitabilidade de vinculação dos precedentes e, ao mesmo tempo, permitiu buscar dentro do próprio ordenamento jurídico vigente as bases para controle e validação desta vinculação, além de, com base no direito comparado, propor técnica de análise de validade de conteúdo dos precedentes com tendências vinculantes. / The summaries (abridgements precedents overviews) and jurisprudential (case law) guidelines within the Superior Labor Court was the theme for this study and aims to highlight the procedure of creation and editing of these institutes and validity of the vernacular ordering before the legal system adopted and current trends in make them questions that permeate this issue, and with the methodological support of technical literature search, a study was conducted on the legal nature of judicial activity, the systems adopted and observed tendencies. Also as part of this effort, there is an analysis of the arguments for and against the system in tendentiously binding summaries. In order to contribute (as a way of contribution) to the development of a theory about the validity of the entries sent by the Superior Labor Court we sought in the legal systems of the common-law, assumptions and techniques that can be used in civil-law. The study made it possible to verify the inevitability of binding of precedents and at the same time allowed seek within the own present legal ordering, bases for control and validation of this attachment, and based on comparative law, to propose a technique of analysis of contents validity of precedents with binding tendencies.
94

FDIPA - algoritmo de pontos interiores e direções viáveis para otimização não-linear diferenciável: um estudo de parâmetros

Fonseca, Erasmo Tales 06 November 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-28T17:57:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 erasmotalesfonseca.pdf: 866120 bytes, checksum: 042a0c3210df8046171b1593162cde44 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-05-02T01:13:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 erasmotalesfonseca.pdf: 866120 bytes, checksum: 042a0c3210df8046171b1593162cde44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T01:13:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 erasmotalesfonseca.pdf: 866120 bytes, checksum: 042a0c3210df8046171b1593162cde44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-06 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo da influência dos parâmetros de um algoritmo de pontos interiores e direções viáveis para solução de problemas de otimização não linear. Esse algoritmo, denominado FDIPA, tem por objetivo encontrar dentre os pontos de um conjunto definido por restrições de igualdade e/ou desigualdade, aqueles que minimizam uma função diferenciável. O FDIPA baseia-se na resolução de dois sistemas de equações lineares com a mesma matriz de coeficientes, obtidos das condições necessárias de primeira ordem de Karush-Kuhn-Tucker. A partir de um ponto inicial no interior do conjunto viável, o FDIPA gera uma sequência de pontos também interiores ao conjunto. Em cada iteração, uma nova direção de descida é obtida e, em seguida, produz-se uma deflexão da direção de descida no sentido do interior do conjunto viável, de modo a se obter uma nova direção que seja de descida e viável. Realiza-se então uma busca linear para obter um novo ponto interior e garantir a convergência global do método. Uma família de algoritmos pode ser obtida variando-se as regras de atualização dos parâmetros do FDIPA. O estudo apresentado neste trabalho foi feito considerando-se um único algoritmo e com restrições de desigualdade somente. Testes numéricos apontaram para uma escolha de parâmetros que levou a um número menor de iterações na resolução dos problemas teste. / This work presents a study on the influence of the parameters of an interior point and feasible directions algorithm for solving non-linear problems. The algorithm, named FDIPA, aims to find among the points of a set defined by equality and/or inequality constraints, those which minimize a differentiable function. The FDIPA is based on two linear systems with the same coefficient matrix, obtained from the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker first order necessary conditions. From a initial point in the interior of the feasible set, FDIPA generates a sequence of points which are also interior to the set. At each iteration, FDIPA produces a descent direction which is deflected towards the interior of the feasible set in order to create a new descent and feasible direction. Then, a linear search is performed to get a new interior point and assure the global convergence of the method. A family of algorithms can be obtained varying the rules used to update the parameters of the FDIPA. The study presented here has been done considering just one particular algorithm and inequality constraints only. Numerical tests pointed to a certain choice of parameters which led to a fewer number of iterations when solving some test problems.
95

Stochastic Newton Methods With Enhanced Hessian Estimation

Reddy, Danda Sai Koti January 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Optimization problems involving uncertainties are common in a variety of engineering disciplines such as transportation systems, manufacturing, communication networks, healthcare and finance. The large number of input variables and the lack of a system model prohibit a precise analytical solution and a viable alternative is to employ simulation-based optimization. The idea here is to simulate a few times the stochastic system under consideration while updating the system parameters until a good enough solution is obtained. Formally, given only noise-corrupted measurements of an objective function, we wish to end a parameter which minimises the objective function. Iterative algorithms using statistical methods search the feasible region to improve upon the candidate parameter. Stochastic approximation algorithms are best suited; most studied and applied algorithms for funding solutions when the feasible region is a continuously valued set. One can use information on the gradient/Hessian of the objective to aid the search process. However, due to lack of knowledge of the noise distribution, one needs to estimate the gradient/Hessian from noisy samples of the cost function obtained from simulation. Simple gradient search schemes take much iteration to converge to a local minimum and are heavily dependent on the choice of step-sizes. Stochastic Newton methods, on the other hand, can counter the ill-conditioning of the objective function as they incorporate second-order information into the stochastic updates. Stochastic Newton methods are often more accurate than simple gradient search schemes. We propose enhancements to the Hessian estimation scheme used in two recently proposed stochastic Newton methods, based on the ideas of random directions stochastic approximation (2RDSA) [21] and simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (2SPSA-31) [6], respectively. The proposed scheme, inspired by [29], reduces the error in the Hessian estimate by (i) Incorporating a zero-mean feedback term; and (ii) optimizing the step-sizes used in the Hessian recursion. We prove that both 2RDSA and 2SPSA-3 with our Hessian improvement scheme converges asymptotically to the true Hessian. The key advantage with 2RDSA and 2SPSA-3 is that they require only 75% of the simulation cost per-iteration for 2SPSA with improved Hessian estimation (2SPSA-IH) [29]. Numerical experiments show that 2RDSA-IH outperforms both 2SPSA-IH and 2RDSA without the improved Hessian estimation scheme.
96

Improved Direction Of Arrival Estimation By Nonlinear Wavelet Denoising And Application To Source Localization In Ocean

Pramod, N C 12 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
97

The impact of our membership of European Union on Czech insurance market / Dopady vstupu České republiky do Evropské unie na český pojistný trh

Plachá, Marie January 2008 (has links)
The impact of our membership of European Union on Czech insurance market - EU Law Directions and their consequences for insurance market including changes in compulsory Road Traffic Act Insurance, experience tables, rating, IFRS 4 and Solvency II
98

MIMO Radar with colocated antennas : theoretical investigation, simulations and development of an experimental platform / Radar MIMO utilisant des antennes colocalisées : étude théorique, simulations et développement d'une plateforme expérimentale

Gómez, Oscar 16 June 2014 (has links)
Un radar MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) est un système radar qui utilise plusieurs antennes émettrices et réceptrices, dans lequel les formes d'ondes émises peuvent être indépendantes. Par rapport aux radars utilisant des antennes en réseaux phasés, les radars MIMO offrent davantage de degrés de liberté, ce qui permet d'améliorer les performances du système en termes de détection et localisation. La technique MIMO offre également la possibilité de synthétiser un diagramme de rayonnement désiré par une définition judicieuse des formes d'ondes émises. Dans la mesure où les paramètres des cibles (positions, vitesses, directions d'arrivée (DOA), ...) sont estimés à partir des échos des signaux émis, on comprend aisément que les formes d'ondes employées jouent un rôle clé dans les performances du système. Cette thèse porte sur l'estimation de DOA et sur la conception des formes d'ondes pour un radar MIMO. Le cadre d'étude est restreint au cas où les antennes sont colocalisées et les cibles sont immobiles et supposées ponctuelles. La plupart des travaux antérieurs (au commencement de la thèse) portaient sur le radar MIMO bande étroite et faisaient l'hypothèse d'émetteurs-récepteurs idéaux et indépendants. Cette thèse contribue à élargir le cadre d'étude en s'intéressant d'une part au passage en large bande et d'autre part à la modélisation et à la prise en compte de la non-indépendance des émetteurs-récepteurs et autres imperfections. Dans la mesure où le recours à des signaux large bande est nécessaire lorsqu'une résolution importante est souhaitée, nous nous sommes attachés dans cette thèse à adapter le modèle d'un système de radar MIMO au cas large bande et à proposer de nouvelles techniques visant à améliorer les performances d'estimation de DOA dans le cas de signaux large bande. Cette thèse analyse également l'influence de conditions non idéales comme l'impact des phénomènes de couplage électromagnétique sur les diagrammes de rayonnement dans un réseau d'antennes. Cette étude est menée dans le cas bande étroite. En particulier, nous étudions l'influence du couplage direct entre les réseaux d'antennes d'émission et de réception (appelé « crosstalk ») sur les performances des techniques proposées. Nous établissons un modèle du signal permettant de prendre en compte ce phénomène et proposons une technique de réduction du « crosstalk » qui permet une estimation efficace des DOA des cibles. Nous montrons par ailleurs comment améliorer les performances d'estimation de DOA en présence de diagrammes de rayonnement incluant le couplage entre antennes. Le dernier apport principal de cette thèse est la conception et réalisation d'une plateforme expérimentale comportant une seule architecture d'émetteur-récepteur, qui permet de simuler un système MIMO utilisant des antennes colocalisées en appliquant le principe de superposition. Cette plateforme nous a permis d'évaluer les performances des techniques proposées dans des conditions plus réalistes / A Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar is a system employing multiple transmitters and receivers in which the waveforms to be transmitted can be totally independent. Compared to standard phased-array radar systems, MIMO radars offer more degrees of freedom which leads to improved angular resolution and parameter identifiability, and provides more flexibility for transmit beampattern design. The main issues of interest in the context of MIMO radar are the estimation of several target parameters (which include range, Doppler, and Direction-of-Arrival (DOA), among others). Since the information on the targets is obtained from the echoes of the transmitted signals, it is straightforward that the design of the waveforms plays an important role in the system accuracy. This document addresses the investigation of DOA estimation of non-moving targets and waveform design techniques for MIMO radar with colocated antennas. Although narrowband MIMO radars have been deeply studied in the literature, the existing DOA estimation techniques have been usually proposed and analyzed from a theoretical point of view, often assuming ideal conditions. This thesis analyzes existing signal processing algorithms and proposes new ones in order to improve the DOA estimation performance in the case of narrowband and wideband signals. The proposed techniques are studied under ideal and non-ideal conditions considering punctual targets. Additionally, we study the influence of mutual coupling on the performance of the proposed techniques and we establish a more realistic signal model which takes this phenomenon into account. We then show how to improve the DOA estimation performance in the presence of distorted radiation patterns and we propose a crosstalk reduction technique, which makes possible an efficient estimation of the target DOAs. Finally, we present an experimental platform for MIMO radar with colocated antennas which has been developed in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques under more realistic conditions. The proposed platform, which employs only one transmitter and one receiver architectures, relies on the superposition principle to simulate a real MIMO system
99

The trials of creativity: A rhetorical analysis of A View from the Bridge and The Crucible by Arthur Miller

Garnett, Edward Hal 01 January 1993 (has links)
No description available.
100

The trials of creativity: A rhetorical analysis of A View from the Bridge and The Crucible by Arthur Miller

Garnett, Edward Hal 01 January 1993 (has links)
No description available.

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