Title: The importance of nature as a learning environment in Czech forest kindergartens and forest kindergartens abroad from the perspective of pedagogues. Objektive: The aim of this thesis is to obtain specific information about functioning of forest kindergartens abroad and compare them forest kindergartens in the Czech Republic. My next target was get from the general public in the Czech Republic specific information about their awareness of nature and forest kindergartens. Results: The result of the processing of literature related to preschool pedagogy, alternative pedagogical directions, forest kindergarten. We approached the issue. Through the questionnaire investigation compared the forest kindergarten in the Czech Republic and abroad. Thanks questionnaire investigation results we should recognized in self-knowledge and awareness, that we are part of nature. Keywords: education, relationships with nature, alternative pedagogical directions, forest kindergarten, nature, child abroad, questioning

As súmulas e orientações jurisprudenciais no âmbito do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho foi o tema escolhido para o presente trabalho e objetiva evidenciar o procedimento de criação e edição e validade destes institutos do ordenamento pátrio, diante do sistema jurídico adotado e das tendências atuais em torná-los como de cumprimento obrigatório. Para o enfrentamento das múltiplas questões que permeiam este assunto, e com o suporte metodológico da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se estudo da natureza jurídica da atividade jurisdicional, dos sistemas adotados e das tendências constatadas. Também faz parte desse esforço uma análise dos argumentos favoráveis e contrários ao sistema pautado em súmulas tendencialmente vinculantes. Como forma de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma teoria geral acerca da validade dos verbetes expedidos pelo Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, buscou-se, no sistema jurídico do common law, técnicas e pressupostos que possam ser aproveitados no civil law. O estudo desenvolvido possibilitou verificar a inevitabilidade de vinculação dos precedentes e, ao mesmo tempo, permitiu buscar dentro do próprio ordenamento jurídico vigente as bases para controle e validação desta vinculação, além de, com base no direito comparado, propor técnica de análise de validade de conteúdo dos precedentes com tendências vinculantes. / The summaries (abridgements precedents overviews) and jurisprudential (case law) guidelines within the Superior Labor Court was the theme for this study and aims to highlight the procedure of creation and editing of these institutes and validity of the vernacular ordering before the legal system adopted and current trends in make them questions that permeate this issue, and with the methodological support of technical literature search, a study was conducted on the legal nature of judicial activity, the systems adopted and observed tendencies. Also as part of this effort, there is an analysis of the arguments for and against the system in tendentiously binding summaries. In order to contribute (as a way of contribution) to the development of a theory about the validity of the entries sent by the Superior Labor Court we sought in the legal systems of the common-law, assumptions and techniques that can be used in civil-law. The study made it possible to verify the inevitability of binding of precedents and at the same time allowed seek within the own present legal ordering, bases for control and validation of this attachment, and based on comparative law, to propose a technique of analysis of contents validity of precedents with binding tendencies.

Les bases de fonctions sont des outils indispensables de la géométrie numérique puisqu'ils permettent de représenter des fonctions comme des vecteurs, c'est à dire d'appliquer les outils de l'algèbre linéaire à l'analyse fonctionnelle. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons plusieurs constructions de bases de fonctions sur des surfaces pour la géométrie numérique. Nous commençons par présenter les bases de fonctions usuelles des éléments finis et du calcul extérieur discret, leur théorie et leurs limites. Nous étudions ensuite le Laplacien et sa discrétisation, ce qui nous permettra de construire une base de fonctions particulière~: les fonctions propres de l'opérateur de Laplace-Beltrami, ou harmoniques variétés. Celles-ci permettent de généraliser la transformée de Fourier et le filtrage spectral aux fonctions définies sur des surfaces. Nous présentons ensuite des applications de cette base de fonction à la géométrie numérique. En particulier, nous montrons qu'une fois calculée, cette base de fonction permet de filtrer la géométrie en temps interactif. Pour pouvoir définir des bases de fonctions de façon plus indépendante du maillage de la surface, nous nous intéressons ensuite aux paramétrisations globales, et en particulier aux champs de directions à symétries qui permettent de les définir. Ainsi, dans la dernière partie, nous étudions ces champs de directions à symétries, et en particulier leur géométrie et leur topologie. Nous donnons alors des outils pour les construire, les manipuler et les visualiser / Function bases are fundamental objects in geometry processing as they allow to represent functions as vectors, that is to apply tools from linear algebra to functional analysis. In this thesis, we present various constructions of useful functions bases for geometry processing. We start by presenting usual function bases, their theory and limits. We then study the Laplacian operator and its discretization, and use it to define a particular function basis: Laplacian eigenfunctions or Manifold harmonics. The Manifold Hamonics form a function basis that allows to generalize the Fourier transform and spectral filtering on a surface. We present some applications and extensions of this basis for geometry processing. To define function bases in a mesh-independant manner, we need to build a global parameterization, and especially the direction fields required to define them. Thus, in the last part of this thesis we study N-symmetry direction fields on surfaces, and in particular their geometry and topology. We then give tools to build, edit, control and visualize them

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra das Neves Braga.pdf: 7015718 bytes, checksum: 0b287e60ca157f61c79ecf8066943255 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Dissertation has its place in the line of research of Reading, Writing and Education of Portuguese Language, the Program of Studies Postgraduates in Portuguese Language of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. The corpus has four advertisements from a didactic book of Portuguese Language supplied by the City hall of São Paulo and is destined to Adult and Young Education of Cycle II 1º and 2º terms of Elementary Education. The problem that guides the research is to know that the reading methodology proposal for the respective book collaborates with a significant development of the reader and contributes to become him an active and autonomous reader. This study intends to contribute for the elaboration of news strategies related to the reading practical activities, by building sense through the linguistic resources present in the texts. The analysis focuses specific elements to this kind of advertisement and the necessity of knowing the customer and how to influence his behavior and make him begins or continues the consumption of the product or announced service; it explores the production of feeling mechanisms through linguistic marks for persuasion effect and allows to arrive in an implicit way; it makes a small inventory of possible deal objects (premises) presents in a text, as well as kinds of arguments that depends on an efficient argument. So, this suggestion of a new methodology to the reading practice is not only destined to this kind of advertisement, but it can be used for other kinds of works in the classroom. It s necessary to create propitious conditions to the pupils and make them know the specificities of the genders to be worked and transfer their linguistic abilities to the other genders / Esta Dissertação situa-se na linha de pesquisa de Leitura, Escrita e Ensino de Língua Portuguesa, do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. O corpus é composto por quatro anúncios publicitários extraídos de um livro didático de Língua Portuguesa fornecido pela Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo, destinado à Educação de Jovens e Adultos, ciclo II 1º e 2º termos do Ensino Fundamental. O problema que norteia a pesquisa é se a metodologia de leitura proposta pelo referido livro colabora para que o educando realize uma leitura significativa, de modo a auxiliar o seu desenvolvimento como leitor ativo e autônomo. Este estudo pretende contribuir para a elaboração de novas estratégias voltadas para atividades relacionadas à prática de leitura, mediante a construção de sentidos a partir de recursos lingüísticos presentes nos textos. A análise focaliza elementos específicos do texto publicitário, tais como a necessidade de se conhecer o auditório a que se destina e de influenciar seu comportamento a fim de que passe ou continue a consumir o produto/serviço anunciado; explora os mecanismos de produção de sentido por meio das marcas lingüísticas para efeito de persuasão, o que permite chegar ao nível da implicitude; faz um pequeno inventário não só dos possíveis objetos de acordo (premissas) que podem se fazer presentes num texto, como também, dos tipos de argumentos que subjazem uma argumentação que se queira eficaz. Conclui-se que essa sugestão de nova metodologia para a prática de leitura não seja destinada apenas ao gênero publicitário, mas que possa ser aproveitada, até mesmo ampliada ou modificada para outros gêneros a serem trabalhados em sala de aula. Faz-se necessário criar condições propícias para que os alunos conheçam as especificidades do gênero a ser trabalhado e que possam transferir as suas habilidades lingüísticas para outros gêneros

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:57:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marly das Neves Benachio.pdf: 1590843 bytes, checksum: d6eb044657aaf13124d30da95119d69a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-26 / The present essay intends to be a contribution to the in-service development program understood as a priority space of teacher formation in the school where teachers give their lessons. To understand the impact of this program, we chose as our case studies three teachers in this process of in-service development program of a private school in São Paulo city. We tried capture the subjective directions produced by these teachers on their teaching practice and then to point out awareness markers in these developing teachers. The Theory of the Subjectivity, by Fernando González Rey (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2004a, 2005), together with the contributions by Aguiar (1997, 2001), Aguiar and Ozella (2006) helped us in this analysis which allowed us to understand the subjective directions expressed by the teachers. As reference for the development program we based our research on authors such as Placco (2000, 2000a, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008), Almeida (2000, 2007), Gatti (1972, 2003), Nóvoa (1992), Marcelo Garci'a (1999, 2007), Mizukami et al (2003), Imbernón (2004) and Zeichner (1993, 1993a), amongst others. The methodology used is inserted in the paradigm of the qualitative research, having interviews as main source of information, besides some other tools such as short essays, choosing paintings by some known painters and observation. In the development process of the analysis, markers and meaning groups emerged making possible the acquisition of directions, from which we made the awareness markers of the teacher inserted in this program. These awareness markers are the subjective directions produced by the teachers in the sense of value to their teaching practice; emotions such as involvement, satisfaction, willingness; search for knowledge necessary for teaching; the value of spaces for the in-service development program; the confrontation and relationship between the coordinator and the teacher which should be based on respect, cooperation, focus on the professional. Getting to know Indicators of teachers awareness movement in the process of in-service continued education helps the coordinator/trainer to be more appropriately and efficiently supportive during the teachers development / O presente trabalho pretende ser uma contribuição para a Formação Continuada em Serviço, entendida como um espaço prioritário de formação docente na escola em que os professores ministram as aulas. Para a compreensão do impacto dessa Formação Continuada, escolhemos como objeto de estudo três professores inseridos em um processo de formação continuada em serviço de uma escola de ensino particular da cidade de São Paulo. Buscamos apreender os sentidos subjetivos engendrados por esses professores sobre sua docência e, a partir deles, apontar indicadores de movimentos de conscientização nesses professores em processo de formação continuada em serviço. Auxiliou-nos nessa análise a Teoria da Subjetividade, de Fernando González Rey (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2004a, 2005) que, juntamente com as contribuições de Aguiar (1997, 2001), Aguiar e Ozella (2006), permitiu compreender os sentidos subjetivos expressos pelos professores. Como referência para a formação continuada, apoiamo-nos em autores como Placco (2000, 2000a, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008), Almeida (2000, 2007), Gatti (1972, 2003), Nóvoa (1992), Marcelo Garcia (1999, 2007), Mizukami et al (2003), Imbernón (2004) e Zeichner (1993, 1993a), dentre outros. O método utilizado insere-se no paradigma da pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como procedimento para coleta das informações, prioritariamente, entrevistas recorrentes, além de outros instrumentos, como redação, escolha de quadros de pintores e observação. No processo de desenvolvimento da análise, emergiram indicadores e núcleos de significação que possibilitaram a apreensão de sentidos, a partir dos quais elaboramos os indicadores de movimentos de conscientização dos professores inseridos nesse processo de formação continuada em serviço. São indicadores de movimentos de conscientização: os sentidos subjetivos engendrados pelos professores na direção da valorização da docência; emoções como: envolvimento, alegria, disposição; busca pelos saberes necessários à docência; a valorização dos espaços de formação continuada em serviço; o confronto com os pares e a relação coordenador-professor baseada no respeito, na parceria, na valorização do profissional. Conhecer indicadores de movimentos de conscientização do professor em formação continuada em serviço favorece ao coordenador/formador interferências mais adequadas, eficientes e eficazes nos processos de formação

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le problème de réduction de la dimension dans le cadre du modèle de régression suivant Y=g(B X,e), où X est un vecteur de dimension p, Y appartient à R, la fonction g est inconnue et le bruit e est indépendant de X. Nous nous intéressons à l'estimation de la matrice B, de taille dxp où d est plus petit que p, (dont la connaissance permet d'obtenir de bonnes vitesses de convergence pour l'estimation de g). Ce problème est traité en utilisant deux approches distinctes. La première, appelée régression inverse nécessite la condition de linéarité sur X. La seconde, appelée semi-paramétrique ne requiert pas une telle condition mais seulement que X possède une densité lisse. Dans le cadre de la régression inverse, nous étudions deux familles de méthodes respectivement basées sur E[X f(Y)] et E[XX^T f(Y)]. Pour chacune de ces familles, nous obtenons les conditions sur f permettant une estimation exhaustive de B, aussi nous calculons la fonction f optimale par minimisation de la variance asymptotique. Dans le cadre de l'approche semi-paramétrique, nous proposons une méthode permettant l'estimation du gradient de la fonction de régression. Sous des hypothèses semi-paramétriques classiques, nous montrons la normalité asymptotique de notre estimateur et l'exhaustivité de l'estimation de B. Quel que soit l'approche considérée, une question fondamentale est soulevée : comment choisir la dimension de B ? Pour cela, nous proposons une méthode d'estimation du rang d'une matrice par test d'hypothèse bootstrap. / In this thesis, we study the problem of dimension reduction through the following regression model Y=g(BX,e), where X is a p dimensional vector, Y belongs to R, the function g is unknown and the noise e is independent of X. We are interested in the estimation of the matrix B, with dimension d times p where d is smaller than p (whose knowledge provides good convergence rates for the estimation of g). This problem is processed according to two different approaches. The first one, called the inverse regression, needs the linearity condition on X. The second one, called semiparametric, do not require such an assumption but only that X has a smooth density. In the context of inverse regression, we focus on two families of methods respectively based on E[X f(Y)] and E[XX^T f(Y)]. For both families, we provide conditions on f that allow an exhaustive estimation of B, and also we compute the better function f by minimizing the asymptotic variance. In the semiparametric context, we give a method for the estimation of the gradient of the regression function. Under some classical semiparametric assumptions, we show the root n consistency of our estimator, the exhaustivity of the estimation and the convergence in the processes space. Within each point, an important question is raised : how to choose the dimension of B ? For this we propose a method that estimates of the rank of a matrix by bootstrap hypothesis testing.

nÃo hà / Vive-se em um ambiente dinÃmico, exigindo-se das pessoas e das organizaÃÃes esforÃos no sentido de que percebam alternativas de convivÃncia com as mudanÃas tecnolÃgicas, econÃmicas e sociais, inseridas em todas as Ãreas do conhecimento, mormente na EducaÃÃo. Assim, educadores necessitam realizar, constantemente, revisÃes de suas prÃticas pedagÃgicas, repensando o currÃculo das instituiÃÃes, para promover o desenvolvimento dos profissionais e da sociedade em geral. O secretÃrio, inserido neste contexto, merece atenÃÃo especial, por ser um profissional de extrema importÃncia dentro das organizaÃÃes, mas que, no passado, sofreu preconceitos por desempenhar atividades simples e rotineiras, conhecidas e tidas como sendo tÃpicas do universo feminino. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar como tem sido desenvolvida a formaÃÃo do secretÃrio executivo na Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC), frente Ãs transformaÃÃes da sociedade contemporÃnea, e se a referida formaÃÃo conduz à construÃÃo de um sujeito autÃnomo. Os objetivos especÃficos foram descrever quais as demandas, em termos de competÃncias e habilidades do secretÃrio, que o mundo do trabalho requer, analisando a concepÃÃo que o profissional tem do seu papel, da sua autonomia e do seu trabalho no mundo contemporÃneo. Para dar suporte ao estudo pretendido, recorreu-se aos assuntos sobre CurrÃculo, Autonomia, Cidadania, FormaÃÃo Profissional, CompetÃncias e Habilidades profissionais, Diretrizes Curriculares, entre outros. Como procedimento metodolÃgico, esta pesquisa, quanto aos seus objetivos, à de natureza descritiva e quanto aos procedimentos tÃcnicos adotados para a coleta de dados, bibliogrÃfica, documental e de campo, utilizando-se do questionÃrio e da entrevista; realizou-se ainda estudo profundo acerca da formaÃÃo do secretÃrio executivo formado pela UFC, de maneira a que permitisse seu amplo e detalhado conhecimento. Os participantes foram os estudantes ingressantes, os concludentes, os professores, os egressos do Curso e os dirigentes de empresas/organizaÃÃes nas quais houvesse o cargo de secretÃrio executivo. Concluiu-se que a formaÃÃo profissional tem sido mais direcionada para o mercado de trabalho e, por isso, questiona-se a construÃÃo do sujeito autÃnomo, porque a autonomia Ã, na verdade, bastante limitada, tendo em vista que o poder de decisÃo ocorre dentro da Ãrea de atuaÃÃo do secretÃrio, nÃo participando este das decisÃes estratÃgicas. As competÃncias e habilidades estÃo relacionadas com atividades como assessorar, administrar o tempo, liderar, gerir, desenvolver atividades de apoio Ãs decisÃes, mas ainda sÃo executadas atividades tradicionais: preparar a agenda do chefe e servir cafezinho. Os profissionais cumprem o papel de assessores, consideram-se importantes dentro das organizaÃÃes, mas demonstram receio de perder o emprego. Constatou-se, ainda, a necessidade de os estudantes promoverem a divulgaÃÃo do Curso de graduaÃÃo, bem como de os profissionais secretÃrios se engajarem no fortalecimento do Sindicato da categoria, reivindicando melhorias para o exercÃcio da profissÃo com autonomia e exercÃcio da cidadania. / Nowadays, a dynamic motion is in all around. It is required, from people and organizations, efforts that bring alternatives for living together with technological changes: both economic and social ones, in all fields of knowledge, specially in Education. So, people who bring up people need to make an upgrade of their educational practices, over and over thinking about institutions syllabus, in order to promote professionals and society development, in general. The secretary, inserted in this context, deserves special attention, for being somebody of extreme importance at the part, suffered prejudices by doing simple and daily activities, known as being typical of feminine universe. This way, the general aim of this research was to investigate how the secretaryâs formation has been developed at the Federal University of Cearà (UFC), in relation to transformations lived by the contemporaneous society and if this very formation conducts to the construction of an autonomous person. The specific aims were related to describe what would be the demands, in terms of competence and habilities, showed by that secretary that the global work requires, analyzing the concept this professional has about his own role, his autonomy and his performance today. For giving a support to this study, it was turned to the matters about Syllabus, Autonomy, Citizenship, Professional formation, Competences and Habilities, Syllabus Directions, among other ones. As a methodological proceeding, this research was, concerning on its aims, descriptive and also bibliographic, documental and a field one, making use of interview and a questionnaire too, and accomplishing a deep study about the executive secretaryâs formation graduated by UFC, permitting a whole and detailed knowledge about him. Admitted and seniors students, as well as professors and former students, besides companies/organizations directors, in short, everywhere existed the post of executive secretary. It was concluded that the professional formation has been directed to the work market and because of this it is quested the autonomous person arising, being this autonomy very restricted, provided that the decision power occurs in the secretaryâs area of actuation and he is not a real participant of the strategic decisions. Competences and habilities are related to activities like to advise, administrate the chronology, being a leader, direct, develop support activities for decisions, but also doing traditional tasks as prepare the boss note book and serve coffee. They staff workers, consider themselves important at the organizations, but show they are afraid of loosing the job. It was proved the necessity of students promote the graduation course spreading as well as the professional secretaries to engage in a movement of strengthen of their syndicate, requiring improvements for their professions as autonomy and the citizenship exercising.

本文以維度縮減(dimension reduction)為主題，介紹其定義以及四種目前較被廣為討論的處理方式。文中首先針對Li (1991)所使用的維度縮減定義型式y = g(x,ε) = g1(βx,ε)，與Cook (1994)所採用的定義型式「條件密度函數f(y | x)=f(y |βx)」作探討，並就Cook (1994)對最小維度縮減子空間的相關討論作介紹。此外文中也試圖提出另一種適用於pHd的可能定義(E(y | x)=E(y |βx)，亦即縮減前後y的條件期望值不變)，並發現在此一新定義下所衍生而成的子空間會包含於Cook (1994)所定義的子空間。 有關現有四種維度縮減方法(SIR、SAVE、SIR-II、pHd)的理論架構，則重新予以說明並作必要的補充證明，並以兩個機率模式(y = bx +ε及y = |z| +ε)為例，分別測試四種方法能否縮減出正確的方向。文中同時也分別找出對應於這四種方法的等價條件，並利用這些等價條件相互比較，得到彼此間的關係。我們發現當解釋變數x為多維常態情形下，四種方法理論上都不會保留可以被縮減的方向，而該保留住的方向卻不一定能夠被保留住，但是使用SAVE所可以保留住的方向會比單獨使用其他三者之一來的多(或至少一樣多)，而如果SIR與SIR-II同時使用則恰好等同於使用SAVE。另外使用pHd似乎時並不需要「E(y│x)二次可微分」這個先決條件。 / The focus of the study is on the dimension reduction and the over-view of the four methods frequently cited in the literature, i.e. SIR, SAVE, SIR-II, and pHd. The definitions of dimension reduction proposed by Li (1991)(y = g( x,ε) = g1(βx,ε)), and by Cook (1994)(f(y | x)=f(y|βx)) are briefly reviewed. Issues on minimum dimension reduction subspace (Cook (1994)) are also discussed. In addition, we propose a possible definition (E(y | x)=E(y |βx)), i.e. the conditional expectation of y remains the same both in the original subspace and the reduced subspace), which seems more appropriate when pHd is concerned. We also found that the subspace induced by this definition would be contained in the subspace generated based on Cook (1994). We then take a closer look at basic ideas behind the four methods, and supplement some more explanations and proofs, if necessary. Equivalent conditions related to the four methods that can be used to locate "right" directions are presented. Two models (y = bx +ε and y = |z| +ε) are used to demonstrate the methods and to see how good they can be. In order to further understand the possible relationships among the four methods, some comparisons are made. We learn that when x is normally distributed, directions that are redundant will not be preserved by any of the four methods. Directions that contribute significantly, however, may be mistakenly removed. Overall, SAVE has the best performance in terms of saving the "right" directions, and applying SIR along with SIR-II performs just as well. We also found that the prerequisite, 「E(y | x) is twice differentiable」, does not seem to be necessary when pHd is applied.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux méthodes de traitement d'antennes pour la localisation de sources dans le cas des antennes linéaires non uniformes. Le travail porte principalement sur les méthodes à haute résolution qui sont particulièrement adaptées aux antennes linéaires non uniformes afin de s'affranchir des problématiques associées aux lobes secondaires. Nous démontrons que Root-MUSIC peut être directement appliquée dans le cas des antennes non uniformes lacunaires. De plus, nous montrons que la suppression d'un certain nombre de capteurs d'une antenne linéaire uniforme ne dégrade que très légèrement les performances grâce à l'utilisation des méthodes à haute résolution comme Root-MUSIC. Ensuite, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode EM-ESPRIT qui peut être utilisée pour n'importe quel type de géométrie d'antenne non uniforme. Cette méthode itérative est basée sur les deux algorithmes : Expectation-Maximization (EM) et ESPRIT. L'étude des performances de EM-ESPRIT montre qu'elle présente de meilleures performances que la plupart des méthodes, en particulier pour des niveaux de bruit importants. De plus, deux variantes : EM-ESPRIT stochastique et EMRoot- MUSIC sont proposées afin d'améliorer les aspects de convergence et de consistance de EM-ESPRIT. Finalement, nous considérons une application liée à la localisation de sources aéroacoustiques sur la carrosserie d'une voiture. La mise en oeuvre d'une méthode de type Zero-Forcing MUSIC a permis d'obtenir de bons résultats sur des données simulées et réelles, en particulier pour des sources proches et de puissance différente.

La technologie des antennes réseaux occupe une place croissante dans les applications aéroportées modernes militaires et civiles car elle offre des performances radioélectriques et des capacités d'intégration aux porteurs inenvisageables avec d'autres technologies. Ces performances sont couplées à des contraintes liées au couplage entre éléments rayonnants ou en termes d'intégration sur des petits porteurs. Ces deux contraintes peuvent être palliées à l'aide de surfaces à haute impédance (SHI) pouvant traduire le comportement d'un conducteur magnétique artificiel et/ou la capacité à interdire la propagation des ondes de surface dans une bande de fréquence. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit ont pour objectif de présenter l'apport des SHI sur la conception de réseaux compacts et d'antennes réseaux ultra large bande. Après une introduction aux SHI, une présentation de modèles analytiques, numériques et expérimentaux a été présentée. Une partie des travaux est consacrée à l'étude du couplage mutuel entre deux antennes imprimées espacées l'une de l'autre d'une demi-longueur d'onde. Par la suite les différentes contributions apportées par les SHI, lorsqu'elles sont employées comme réflecteur, sur une antenne réseau ultra large bande sont montrées. Une modélisation analytique de l'antenne réseau placée au-dessus de réflecteurs à haute impédance est validée par des simulations numériques. Les SHI montrent qu'il est possible de créer des bandes passantes supplémentaires instantanées et agiles en fréquences permettant d'augmenter la bande passante initiale de l'antenne réseau. De plus elles permettent de réduire considérablement l'encombrement et d'obtenir une bande agile unique.