Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Elaine 13_12.pdf: 293254 bytes, checksum: 7f7d42644c7707ca6a924c2a20793c34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-22 / Toxocariasis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by Toxocara canis and T. cati, parasites of the dogs and cats, respectively. The disease occurs mostly amongst children, but may affect adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in 253 blood donors, aging 19 up to 65 years old, in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo. ELISA test was performed for detection of the IgG antibodies. A survey was applied in order to evaluate the possible factors associated to the presence of antibodies, including individual (gender and age), socioeconomic (scholarship and familial income) and habit information (contact with soil, geophagy, onicophagy and intake of raw/undercooked meat) as well as the presence of dogs or cats in the household. Bivariate analysis was performed in order to evaluate the potential risk factors. The overall prevalence observed in this study was 8.7% (22/253). Contact with soil was the variable associated with the presence of antibodies (p= 0.006; OR = 4.08; IC 95%= 1.456-11.431). Although considered not associated with a ELISA positive test, 45% of the individuals answered having the behavior of eating raw/undercooked meat. Educational programmes are necessary in order to reduce the infection of the adult population by visceral/ocular larva migrans agents. / A toxocaríase é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial ocasionada por Toxocara canis e T. cati, que são parasitos de cães e gatos, respectivamente. A doença é mais comum em crianças, mas pode também acometer adultos. A finalidade do presente estudo foi avaliar a soroprevalência de IGg anti-Toxocara spp. em 253 doadores de sangue entre 19 e 65 anos de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, pela técnica de ELISA. Um questionário foi aplicado para avaliar os fatores que poderiam estar associados à presença de anticorpos, incluindo informações individuais (sexo e idade, tipagem sanguínea), socioeconômicas (escolaridade e renda familiar, presença de quintal na casa, local de moradia e condições sanitárias), comportamentais (contato com solo, hábitos de geofagia, onicofagia e consumo de carne crua/mal cozida) e presença de cães ou gatos. As avaliações dos fatores associados foram avaliadas pela análise bivariada. A frequência observada foi de 8,7% (22/253). Das variáveis estudadas, houve apenas associação entre a presença de anticorpos e contato com solo (p= 0,006; OR = 4,08; IC 95%= 1,456-11,431). Foi observado que 45% dos indivíduos afirmaram ter o hábito de consumir carne crua embora não tenha havido associação estatística. Programas educativos devem ser adotados para reduzir a infecção da população adulta por agentes de larva migrans visceral/ocular.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Elaine 13_12.pdf: 293254 bytes, checksum: 7f7d42644c7707ca6a924c2a20793c34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-22 / Toxocariasis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by Toxocara canis and T. cati, parasites of the dogs and cats, respectively. The disease occurs mostly amongst children, but may affect adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in 253 blood donors, aging 19 up to 65 years old, in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo. ELISA test was performed for detection of the IgG antibodies. A survey was applied in order to evaluate the possible factors associated to the presence of antibodies, including individual (gender and age), socioeconomic (scholarship and familial income) and habit information (contact with soil, geophagy, onicophagy and intake of raw/undercooked meat) as well as the presence of dogs or cats in the household. Bivariate analysis was performed in order to evaluate the potential risk factors. The overall prevalence observed in this study was 8.7% (22/253). Contact with soil was the variable associated with the presence of antibodies (p= 0.006; OR = 4.08; IC 95%= 1.456-11.431). Although considered not associated with a ELISA positive test, 45% of the individuals answered having the behavior of eating raw/undercooked meat. Educational programmes are necessary in order to reduce the infection of the adult population by visceral/ocular larva migrans agents. / A toxocaríase é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial ocasionada por Toxocara canis e T. cati, que são parasitos de cães e gatos, respectivamente. A doença é mais comum em crianças, mas pode também acometer adultos. A finalidade do presente estudo foi avaliar a soroprevalência de IGg anti-Toxocara spp. em 253 doadores de sangue entre 19 e 65 anos de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, pela técnica de ELISA. Um questionário foi aplicado para avaliar os fatores que poderiam estar associados à presença de anticorpos, incluindo informações individuais (sexo e idade, tipagem sanguínea), socioeconômicas (escolaridade e renda familiar, presença de quintal na casa, local de moradia e condições sanitárias), comportamentais (contato com solo, hábitos de geofagia, onicofagia e consumo de carne crua/mal cozida) e presença de cães ou gatos. As avaliações dos fatores associados foram avaliadas pela análise bivariada. A frequência observada foi de 8,7% (22/253). Das variáveis estudadas, houve apenas associação entre a presença de anticorpos e contato com solo (p= 0,006; OR = 4,08; IC 95%= 1,456-11,431). Foi observado que 45% dos indivíduos afirmaram ter o hábito de consumir carne crua embora não tenha havido associação estatística. Programas educativos devem ser adotados para reduzir a infecção da população adulta por agentes de larva migrans visceral/ocular.

Approximately 64% of nonprofit leaders struggle to connect with supporters through fund initiatives alone, and 59% of nonprofit leaders lack the marketing communication capability to attract new donors. Fundraising is vital to nonprofit organizations' sustainability and essential for successfully attracting new donors. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore effective external communication strategies used by 3 southern California nonprofits through the conceptual lens of the integrated marketing communications theory. Data were gathered using semistructured interviews, a review of organizational documents and online databases, and the Baldrige Excellence Framework. The data were analyzed using Yin's 5-step process. The two key themes that emerged were process strengths and process opportunities. The results of this study could contribute to positive social change by helping organizations strengthen external communications strategies to increase new donors and financial capital to achieve mission goals.

Bibliographic note Ertürk, Saadet (2019). The Rise of China and its Implications for Western Development Cooperation Policy. Master Thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies, Supervisors: Dr. Michal Parízek & Dr. Sebastian Ziaja. Abstract Recently new donors are beginning to challenge the international aid architecture of traditional Western donors by providing huge amounts of foreign aid to Sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries without political conditions attached, thereby undermining the bargaining power and influence of OECD DAC donors. Especially Chinas new role as aid donor causes a lot of scepticism among researchers. This master thesis investigates whether OECD DAC donors changed their aid allocation policies and patterns in response to rising Chinese foreign aid activities in SSA countries. So far, the literature investigating the relationship between foreign aid provided by traditional Western donors and aid by the Chinese government has been limited mostly due to the lack of accurate data on Chinese foreign aid. This study makes use of a new dataset on Chinese foreign aid flows in order to examine the response of OECD DAC donors to Chinese foreign aid activities in SSA between 2000 to 2014. It finds that contrary to current assumptions OECD DAC donors do...

Peacebuilding NGOs are increasingly aware that religion is a steadfast and sometimes growing influence in the contexts in which they work. Despite this, many fail to meaningfully integrate religious perspectives into their initiatives. This thesis examines and consolidates criticisms of NGO responses to religion in peacebuilding programmes, identifies factors inhibiting responses from advancing, and explores NGO staff attitudes regarding religion, including perspectives on whether a conducive environment exists for developing alternative responses. It then formulates recommendations for advancing practice and suggests future research directions.  The research approach consists of an examination of literature regarding NGO responses to religion, accompanied by a survey using semi-structured interviews of nine people who have worked on NGO peacebuilding programmes across the world. The main conclusions drawn from this study are that whilst NGOs consider religious actors as potential allies, they rarely utilise the role of religion in society as an analytical lens. This impinges their ability to understand contexts holistically. The contemporary funding environment is also found to discourage alternative approaches from emerging. This thesis recommends that further research is conducted in order to produce examples of improved NGO responses to religion. This will provide practical evidence of how to enhance practice.

Bakgrund: Organtransplantation är en behandling som räddar liv på personer med organsvikt. För att detta ska vara möjligt krävs en organdonator, antingen levande eller avliden. Som avliden donator utförs en uttagsoperation efter medgivande till donation. Perioperativa sjuksköterskor deltar tillsammans med transplantationsteamet vid uttagoperationerna för att tillvarata organ och tillgodose donatorns önskan om donation. Syfte: Att beskriva anestesi- och operationssjuksköterskors upplevelser av att delta vid uttagsoperationer hos avlidna organdonatorer. Metod: En kvalitativ metod genomfördes, där åtta perioperativa sjuksköterskor intervjuades med öppna frågor som var fenomenorienterade. Datamaterialet analyserades med innebördsanalys. Resultat: Den essentiella innebörden är Värdighet och Respekt, som är en tydlig kärna i studiens fyra innebördsteman: Dubbelbottnade känslor, Känslan av att göra gott för andra, Samarbete i teamet skapar en känsla av trygghet och Professionellt bemötande. Konklusion: Resultatet visar att de perioperativa sjuksköterskorna upplevde värdighet och respekt som en central del vid uttagsoperationer hos avlidna donatorer. Uttagsoperationerna erfars av känslor som glädje, meningsfullhet och sorg. Samarbete i teamet upplevs som viktigt och gav en känsla av trygghet. Återkopplingen om mottagarna till organens tillstånd upplevdes som hjälp i den känslomässiga hanteringen. / Background: Organ transplantation is a treatment that saves the lives of people with organfailure. For it to be possible, an organ donor is required, either alive or dead. A donors’operation is performed after consent to donation. Perioperative nurses participate togetherwith the transplant team in the removal operations to remove organs and to pursue the donor'sdesire for donation.The aim: To describe the anesthesia- and operating theatre nurses' experiences ofparticipating in deceased organ donors' operations.Methods: A qualitative method, where eight perioperative nurses were interviewed throughopen-ended questions that were phenomenon-oriented. The data was analyzed with meaninganalysis.Results: The essential meaning is Dignity and Respect, which is a clear core of the study'sfour clusters of meanings: Double-edged emotions, The feeling of doing good for others,Cooperation in the team creates a feeling of security and Professional treatment.Conclusions: The perioperative nurses experienced dignity and respect as a central part indonors’ operations for deceased donors. The operations were experienced by emotions asjoy, meaning and sadness. Cooperation in the team is perceived as important and gives afeeling of security. Feedback about recipients of the organs condition was perceived ashelpful in emotional management.

Background: One key component in the development of sustainable farming and foodstuffs is to increase the cultivation of legumes, due to their environmental and health benefits. Legumes contain several essential vitamins and minerals, protein and fiber, but cultivation can be problematic due to their weak stem strength which results in loss of crops as a result of crop lodging and susceptibility to weed invasion. One possible solution is co-cultivation with cereal crops such as oats as they provide support and outcompete weed growth, however, it is still unknown if co-cultivation will affect the nutrient content of lentils. Aim: The thesis has two aims: first, to compare choline, betaine, folate, resistant starch and dietary fiber content in two different types of lentils: Gotland lentils and Anicia lentils; and second to examine if cocultivation with oats will affect the nutrient content of the two lentil types. Methods: Betaine and choline were analyzed through high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and folate through high pressure liquid chromatography with fluorometric/UV detection (HPLC-FL/UV). Resistant starch, non-resistant starch and dietary fiber were analyzed according to enzymatic assay kits by Megazyme. Results: Significant differences in nutrient content between Anicia and Gotland lentils were seen regarding resistant starch content, with Gotland showing a 50 % higher content. A significantly greater choline content was found in Anicia lentil samples that were co-cultivated with oats, showing approx. a 15 % higher choline content. Gotland lentils co-cultivated with oats showed a significantly greater choline, resistant starch and dietary fiber content by 15 %, 70 % and 10 %, respectively. Conclusions: There was no reported significant difference in choline, betaine, folate and dietary fiber content, but in resistant starch between the two lentil types, with Gotland lentil showing a higher resistant starch content. There appeared to be a positive effect of co-cultivation with oats since a significantly higher choline content in both lentil types co-cultivated with oats and a significant increase resistant starch and dietary fiber in Gotland lentils co-cultivated with oats was reported. This suggests that cocultivation can lead to an increase in nutritional content for some nutrients in Gotland and Anicia lentils. The dietary fiber analysis confirmed that legumes are a great source of fiber by one portion providing approx. half the recommended daily amount. Cultivation and consumption of lentils can give both environmental and health benefits. Further studies are needed to explore other pulses and effect on other nutrients. / Svenska ekologiska linser

We develop an efficient back gate for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices operating at cryogenic temperatures and measure the quadratic hyperfine Stark shift parameter of arsenic donors in isotopically purified 28Si-SOI layers using such structures. The back gate is implemented using MeV ion implantation through the SOI layer forming a metallic electrode in the handle wafer, enabling large and uniform electric fields up to 2V/lm to be applied across the SOI layer. Utilizing this structure, we measure the Stark shift parameters of arsenic donors embedded in the 28Si-SOI layer and find a contact hyperfine Stark parameter of na=-1.9+/-0.7x10-3 lm2/V2. We also demonstrate electric-field driven dopant ionization in the SOI device layer, measured by electron spin resonance.

Many countries in West Africa, including Liberia, remain trapped in extreme poverty and dysfunctional social services amid continued increase in foreign aid. This study examines complexities influencing decisions of government donors in determining the kind of development assistance needed in Liberia and nation states in West Africa. This research explains the ways in which aid perpetuates poverty instead of alleviating it using interdisciplinary research approaches. Although aid is critical to Liberia’s development agenda, aid implementation faces numerous challenges because of extant poverty and rampant corruption. Part of the problem in Liberia is not solely the failure of aid to meet its goals. I conclude that poverty persists despite billions of dollars in aid because of corruption, human rights abuses, and inequalities, not the concept of aid. Democracy is effective when economic development allows citizens to have power within their own nation and government is accountable to its citizens.

The situation for sexual orientation, gender identity or expression (SOGIE) minority persons is difficult in many places and in much of Africa their lives are illegal in some form. This thesis focuses on how local organisations and European actors address this problem and what local actors believe could be done better to improve the situation for SOGIE minorities. This includes mapping the work conducted by the actor groups and how it intersects. An abductive, qualitative, desk study has been conducted studying the internet presence of relevant organisations. The main data sources have been the websites of the organisations, but other resources have been used for more nuance. The thesis used postcolonial theory and a human rights framework. Postcolonial theory explains some of the actions taken by African governments but also sheds light on the power structure between the African and European organisations. The findings underline that there are improvements in the relationship between the two groups compared to previous literature on the topic, including better dialogues, more local control in projects and some efforts to fund the organisations’ functional needs. However, the local organisations still feel that too much money and decision making power go to Western actors. The local organisations often focus on economic stability, health and legal assistance, as well as research about the groups they are working with and attempting to influence governments and improve local perceptions. The European organisations also focus on health, legal and economic assistance as well as media training and security.