The editor's Thesis--Göttingen. / Schlegel's translation of A midsummer night's dream.

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Alberta, 2010. / "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, University of Alberta." Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 23, 2010) Includes bibliographical references.

Ce travail étudie les discours sur les songes dans la philosophie spéculative du siècle des Lumières jusqu’à Diderot, en revenant préalablement aux sources du cartésianisme. Puis il s’intéresse aux songes brefs comme récits-cadres des années 1730 à 1790.Dans un premier temps, il montre que le rêve est de plus en plus étudié comme un épisode de la vie de l’esprit ; il gagne la veille et en vient à éclairer le fonctionnement de l’esprit, dans les opérations de la mémoire ou de l’imagination. C’est un fonctionnement pétri par la matière et par le monde, qui devient comme chez Denis Diderot un modèle pour aborder l’esprit et un modèle de découverte scientifique. Dans un second temps, nous nous tournons vers les songes littéraires comme récits-cadre, petits textes désinvoltes, rassemblés en série comme chez d’Argens ou Mercier. Cette forme favorise l’exploration des confins obscurs du sujet, dans le pèlerinage amoureux, la satire ou le songe philosophique : hédonisme triomphant, sentiment océanique, pulsion scopique, pulsion de mort dirigé contre les autres ou contre soi. / The Dream in the Eighteenth Century or the Testing of the Self This thesis investigates the discourse about dreams in philosophy of mind of the Enlightenment to Diderot, after an initial examination of the sources of Cartesianism. Next it proceeds to study the dream frame narratives produced in the 1730-1790 period.First, it shows that the dream is increasingly studied as an episode in the life of the mind; dreams pervade the wake, soon unfolding the operations of our mind, memory and imagination. They involve world and matter, and become a model reflecting all aspects of the mind, finally turning into a model of scientific discovery in Denis Diderot’s writings. Secondly, we turn to literary dreams as frame narratives, short flippant texts, significantly grouped together in series by Argens or by Mercier. This form favours the exploration of the dark confines of the self, in the love pilgrimage, in satirical or philosophical dreams : triumph of hedonism, Oceanic Feeling, scopic drive, drive towards death and self destruction.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of using a Daseinsanalytic approach to dream explication in order to reveal the essential meaningfulness of behaviourial possibilities for the patient. After discussing the Daseinsanalytic view on dream explication, emphasizing Medard Boss's approach as the major exponent of this view, the study explores the usefulness and validity of the study as a method of investigating the dreams from this perspective. The dreams related in this study are examined individually, giving a phenomenological understanding of each and also providing a possible prospective focus for therapy. It will be shown that the phenomenological understanding of the patient's dreams corresponds with his subjective experience of his emotional existential situation and that any positive changes in the content of the dreams over time corresponds with observable and related changes in his behaviour, ideation and mood. However, if the suggested prospective focus of Medard Boss had been more usefully employed when each dream was explicated in the therapy sessions, it is felt that the progress of therapy would have been greatly enhanced. This study therefore concludes that the use of Medard Boss's approach to dream explication has not only a hermeneutic value in the process of therapy, but also aids the dreamer in becoming aware of the possible modes of behaviour yet unrevealed in his waking life.

abstract: ABSTRACT The high percentage and the steady growth of Hispanic/Latino students in Arizona demand that special attention be placed on improving academic achievement and attainment. The need to support Hispanic/Latino parents in becoming meaningful positive contributors to their children's schooling continues to surface as a critical issue in school improvement efforts in many Arizona districts. American Dream Academy, part of the Center for Community Development and Civil Rights at Arizona State University, has aimed to address this critical issue. Their focus has been to change Latino parents' beliefs about, knowledge of, and behaviors related to their children's education from pre-kindergarten to the post-secondary level. The Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler model, Realizing the American Dream, for parental involvement was the basis for the design of the curriculum used by the American Dream Academy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the American Dream Academy in changing the beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors of parents. The data sources were demographic and pre- and post-academy surveys taken by 719 parents representing 42 Title 1 school districts throughout Maricopa County, Arizona during the spring semester of 2012. Two tailed t tests and the significant p values revealed statistically significant changes after participation in the academy for each one of the survey statement constructs, beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors. A computation of the effect sizes using Cohen's d revealed that there were moderate to large effect sizes for each of the constructs. The knowledge construct had the largest effect size. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that the gains for each construct were positively correlated with each of the other constructs and that the relationships were statistically significant. The significant effects of the American Dream Academy's curriculum were considerable in changing parents' beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors as to pre-kindergarten and post-secondary education. Of special notice is the effect that the academy had on parents' knowledge of how to help their children as they navigate through the United States' educational system. It is recommended that school districts partner with the American Dream Academy in efforts to engage parents in meaningful participation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Educational Administration and Supervision 2013

Parmi les thèmes qui traversent l’œuvre de Huysmans celui du rêve a fait l’objet d’une attention soutenue mais restreinte à quelques œuvres, principalement À Rebours et En Rade. Pourtant, dès ses premiers romans, Huysmans met en scène des rêveurs, taraudés par le désir d’être autres ou d’être ailleurs. Dans ses croquis, ses comptes rendus de Salons, il s’intéresse aux virtualités, aux hypothèses et délaisse la chose vue pour explorer des potentialités. La conversion ne met pas fin à cet attrait, exacerbant au contraire le rejet du monde et la tentation de l’au-delà. Ainsi, l’onirique n’est pas qu’une parenthèse dans des vies médiocres, c’est aussi une modalité de l’écriture. L’attention de Huysmans se porte sur le surgissement : les rêves au cœur du sommeil mais aussi le fantastique du quotidien, le retour du souvenir, les mystères de ce que l’on appelle déjà l’inconscient. Notre ambition est, dans une perspective synchronique, de relever la présence du rêve dans son œuvre et d’envisager les formes qu’il peut prendre. Il s’agit de se demander comment le rêve s’inscrit dans la narration et d’évaluer ce qu’il apporte à des textes dont on sait que le romanesque n’est pas la préoccupation principale. Cependant, il faut se garder de donner de Huysmans l’image d’un idéaliste : son œuvre est fortement marquée par un naturalisme revendiqué et l’auteur exprime constamment son rejet d’un style tiède ou vaporeux. Au désir de « substituer le rêve de la réalité à la réalité même » (À Rebours) s’oppose en permanence une volonté de détruire ces simulacres, de dénier au personnage toute échappatoire. L’ambition formulée d’un naturalisme spiritualiste, dont le modèle lui est fourni par la peinture des Primitifs flamands, permet à l’auteur de concilier ces deux exigences et l’engage sur la voie du roman moderne. / Dreaming is one of the well-known themes of Huysmans’ work. It has been well studied as far as Against nature or En Rade are concerned. However, since his earliest writings, Huysmans has presented dreamers who attempt to be somebody else or try to be somewhere else. When writing sketches and art criticism, he takes an interest in different possibilities or assumptions and abandons what he sees to explore virtuality. His conversion does not put an end to this interest, but emphasizes the rejection of the world and the temptation of the beyond. Thus the dream is not a parenthesis in narrow lives, it is also a way of writing. Huysmans’ attention is focused on what springs up: dreams in the heart of sleep but also the fantastic side of everyday life, memories coming back, and the mysterious aspects of what is already called the unconscious. The purpose of this study is to detect, in a synchronic perspective, the presence of dreams in his work and to consider what form they can take. It also wants to show how dreaming is included in the narrative and to evaluate what it brings to novels which reject the romanesque. However, we will be careful not to show Huysmans as an idealist: his work is strongly influenced by naturalism and constantly claims his rejection of a colourless or sentimental style of writing. The desire to “substitute the vision of a reality for the reality itself” (Against nature) is faced with a permanent will to destroy simulacra, to prevent the characters from escaping the real world. Huysmans’ doctrine of spiritual naturalism allows him to reconcile these two requirements and set him as a forerunner of the modern novel.

Para filmar o último filme de sua vida, Stanley Kubrick baseou-se na novela de Arthur Schnitzler, \"Breve romance de sonho\" (1926), fato que já requer atenção: como filmar em 2000 um filme baseado em um livro escrito no final do século XIX? Como mostrar as questões de uma classe social tão marcante, naquela época em transformação e consolidação, agora no século XXI ? Kubrick definiu o livro como sendo o romance sobre o medo. Uma questão é tentar responder a qual medo ele se referia? O tema da sexualidade forte no romance e no filme e a relação clara entre Schnitzler e Freud fazem pensar na relação que hoje temos com a sexualidade e podem servir como chaves para algumas respostas. A questão de figuração e opressão são fundamentais neste trabalho. / To film the last film of his career, Stanley Kubrick was based on the novel of Arthur Schnitzler, \"Traumnovelle\" (1926), fact that already requires attention: how to film in the year 2000 a film based on a book written in the end of 19th century? How to express the problems of a social class from a period in transformation and consolidation in the 20th century? Kubrick defined the book as being a romance on fear. An objective can be defining the fear that is mentioned. A present subject in the romance and the film is sexuality and a clear relation between Schnitzler and Freud. The problem of oppression is basic in this paper.

The aim of the present dissertation is to contribute to the understanding of putative paranormal beliefs and experiences. The introduction provides a conceptual analysis of past research into the paranormal and establishes the rationale for our decision to focus on a specific type of paranormal experience – precognitive dreams. The dissertation evaluates several different hypotheses that have been proposed to account for such experiences. Chapter II describes an online dream precognition study testing the so-called psi hypothesis (Study 1). Participants (N = 50) collected details of their dreams over four weekly periods. Independent judges rated the similarity of the dream reports to randomly selected target and decoy video clips. Compared to the chance baseline of 50 hits out of 200 trials, the obtained 64 hits was significantly more than could be expected under the null hypothesis. However, based on a post hoc exploration of the data, we concluded that Study 1 yielded no evidence of any anomalous cognition within participants’ dreams. It did, however, illustrate the potential theoretical and methodological issues with the psi hypothesis and the way it is habitually assessed. Chapter III focuses on explanations of putative precognitive dreams in terms of unconscious cognition. Two studies test the hypothesis that precognitive dreams arise as a result of unconscious inferences about likely future events based on subtle cues from the environment perceived in the absence of awareness. Study 2 explores individual differences in implicit processing and their relationship to precognitive dream belief and experience. Participants (N = 50) completed the serial reaction time task as well as a series of questionnaire measures. Contrary to prediction, no relationship was found between precognitive dream experience – or belief – and implicit task performance. Following these null findings, Study 3 tested another prediction of the same hypothesis. Participants (N = 49) completed a modified change detection task. The modification allowed for assessing explicit and implicit change detection separately. The results of Study 3 did not support the hypothesis, as the measure of explicit change detection was not related to precognitive dream experience. They did, however, provide a conceptual replication of the findings of Study 2, since we again found no relationship between implicit detection and precognitive dream experience. On a large sample of participants (N = 672), Study 4, reported in Chapter IV, explores several demographic and sleep- and dream-related variables and their relationship with precognitive dream belief and experience. We hypothesised that precognitive dream experience is associated with erratic patterns of sleep behaviour. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that a higher subjective frequency of precognitive dreams was associated with more nocturnal awakenings, higher dream recall, lower overall sleep quality, and a higher likelihood of using sleep medication. We also explored the demographic factors of precognitive dream belief and experience, namely gender, age and education. Women were more likely to believe in the reality of precognitive dreams as well as report experiencing them. And there was a negative relationship between completed years of formal education and the precognitive dream variables. Frequency of these experiences was positively related to age. Moreover, we predicted that both precognitive dream belief and experience would be positively related to the subjective importance ascribed to one’s dreams in general. We found support for this hypothesis. Finally, the study investigated the relationship between the belief in and the experience of precognitive dreams. Although, as could be expected, we found these two to be strongly positively related, we argued that this relationship is not sufficient to gloss over the conceptual distinction. In order to further develop our line of research, we identify a need for a new measurement tool addressing attitudes towards one’s precognitive dream experiences. Study 5, reported in Chapter V, concerns the development and validation of such a tool. A sample of people who reported having had a precognitive dream experience (N = 330) completed an initial 49-item questionnaire. After removing items with unsatisfactory psychometric characteristics an exploratory factor analysis coupled with exploratory structural equation modelling revealed a well-interpretable 5-factor structure with good internal consistency. Additional variables collected on the sample were subsequently used to test the validity of the derived subscales. Overall, the predicted relationships were confirmed by the analyses, which indicates both convergent and divergent/discriminant validity of the questionnaire. Importantly, we found that personal significance of one’s precognitive dreams was related to the frequency with which they are experienced. The final empirical chapter, Chapter VI, explores the relationship between precognitive dream belief and experience, their personal significance, and memory. Study 6 tested three hypotheses: earliest precognitive dream experiences would tend to date to a period of identity formation in one’s life; the vividness of the memory of this earliest experience would correlate with the frequency of precognitive dream experience; and this relationship would be accounted for by the personal significance ascribed to one’s precognitive dreams. All three hypotheses were supported. Finally, Chapter VII summarises the findings of the six studies conducted for this dissertation. We discuss our results in the context of the existing literature and highlight the main theoretical, methodological, and empirical contributions of our research. Directions for future research are also provided.

The current dissertation examined gender, cultural, and ontogenetic dimensions in the dreams of Canadians. Normative studies in the United States, Europe, and other countries have documented normative data including gender differences and compared their findings to American data to investigate cultural differences. The purpose of the present study was to extend research of this nature by establishing normative data for Canadians. Furthermore, age differences in dreams have been mostly investigated for females, with only a few studies with males, and have used a variety of methodologies and age ranges. Another objective of this study was to document, for the first time, the ontogenetic pattern of the main dream content categories from adolescence to old age for males and females. The rigorous and detailed dream diary method was used to collect dreams which were analyzed using the Hall and Van de Castle method of content analysis. The first paper consisted of two dreams each from 150 male and female young adult Canadians, ages 18-24, totaling 600 dream reports. Findings provided support for the threat simulation theory as there were more negative than positive themes overall. Furthermore, dream gender differences were consistent with those in waking and the similarity of Canadian and American culture was reflected in dream imagery, supporting the continuity hypothesis of dream formation. The final two papers examined the ontogenetic patterns of dream content for females and males respectively. The second paper consisted of 75 females across 5 age groups from adolescence to old age (12-17, 18-24, 25-39, 40-64, and 65-85) and the third paper consisted of 50 males across the same age groups with the exception of 31 males in the oldest group (65-85). The ontogenetic patterns of dream content from adolescence to old age reflected waking developmental patterns as proposed by social theories, neurobiological research, and recognized features of aging, supporting the continuity hypothesis. In terms of the theoretical implications, this work provides support for the hypothesis of the threat simulation theory pertaining to the prevalence of negative content in dreams. It also provides support for the continuity between waking and dreaming hypothesis of dream formation. Implications of these findings regarding our understanding of the sources of dream formation are described. Finally, limitations and future directions, for research examining the evolution of gender differences across the lifespan, are discussed.

August Strindbergs dramer Till Damaskus I, Ett drömspel och Spöksonaten har många likheter och brukar ofta refereras till som ”drömspel” på grund av deras drömlika stämning. Vad skapar denna stämning? Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur olika typer av upprepning utgör grepp med vilka Strindberg bygger sin speciella värld, som står mitt emellan drömmen och verkligheten. Det är en närläsning som både ser till makro- och mikroperspektiv; undersökningen gäller både retoriska språkfigurer i dialogen och större strukturella upprepningar i dramat.   Upprepningens betydelse för skapandet av drömstämningen i Till Damaskus I, Ett drömspel och Spöksonaten kan i en bredare bemärkelse inte överdrivas. Trots dess mycket olika former i dramerna spelar den i alla tre pjäserna en stor roll. I Till Damaskus I är den strukturella och materiella upprepningen avgörande grepp i dramat. I Ett drömspel är återkommande scener och inte minst upprepningen i replikerna påtagligt och skapar effektivt en känsla hos läsaren av att befinna sig i en dröm. I Spöksonaten är det upprepningen av tidigare händelser innan dramats början i form av traumatiska minnen i olika konkretiserade former, som spelar störst roll och som man skulle kunna hävda utgör dramats mest bärande komponent. Trots dramernas många olikheter, förenas de av många likheter – så många och grundläggande att det inte skulle vara omöjligt att kalla dem för en drömspelstrilogi.