<p>EDI står för elektroniskt utbyte av data från dator till dator och sker mellan kända affärspartners. När EDI införs i en relation mellan två organisationer anses relationen bli mer komplex än tidigare. Syftet med detta arbete är därför att undersöka hur EDI påverkar interorganisatoriska relationer.</p><p>Undersökningen utförs genom att studera affärsrelationerna mellan en offentlig förvaltning och tre av dess leverantörer. I dessa relationer studeras speciellt hur förhandlingsstyrkan, flexibiliteten och tillförlitligheten har påverkats av att EDI har börjat användas för den offentliga förvaltningens inköpsprocess.</p><p>De slutsatser som dras är att de undersökta faktorerna förändras i takt med att EDI blir alltmer integrerat i affärsrelationerna. Initialt byggs vissa omställningskostnader upp, som ökar leverantörernas förhandlingsstyrka. När EDI-kommunikationen fungerar kan kunden komma att öka sin förhandlingsstyrka på grund av bättre informationsdelning och något större inköpsvolymer hos leverantören. Flexibiliteten har ännu inte förändrats nämnvärt, medan tillförlitligheten i leveranserna har ökat till följd av EDI.</p>

<p>En snabb och ständig teknisk utveckling leder till att företag och andra organisationer kan ta del av nya tekniska verktyg, som sedan kan användas i verksamheten. Till följd av detta möjliggörs nya sätt att kommunicera information och göra affärer på elektroniskt. Detta område kallas elektroniska affärer och får allt större utrymme idag, men vad är det egentligen som gör att ett företag intresserar sig för det?</p><p>Elektroniska affärer är ett stort och komplext område som ofta kan innebära stora förändringar för ett företag. Att eventuellt strukturera om och förändra arbetssättet kan vara något som ses som lite skrämmande för en del företag och därför kan det uppstå problem med att se de positiva effekterna. Ytterligare hinder kan vara att företaget inte har tillräcklig kunskap inom ämnet och att man tycker att verksamheten fungerar bra som den gör.</p><p>Utifrån ovanstående resonemang blir syftet med denna uppsats att undersöka vilka drivkrafter som finns bakom elektroniska affärer, alltså vad det är som gör att ett företag inför och använder sig av detta. Dessutom syftar uppsatsen till att undersöka vilka effekter elektroniska affärer kan ha på ett företags verksamhet och här finns ett visst fokus på elektroniska affärer genom så kallad Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). Ytterligare en del av syftet är att undersöka vilka framgångsfaktorer som finns för att införande och användning av elektroniska affärer ska fungera på ett bra sätt.</p><p>För att uppnå målet med uppsatsen har en fallstudie bedrivits på Becker Acroma, ett svenskt företag som bland annat producerar lacker och färger. Fallstudien har genomförts med intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod.</p><p>Det insamlade materialet från fallstudien har analyserats utifrån den teoretiska referensram som återfinns i uppsatsen. Några av slutsatserna är att utomstående aktörer kan vara drivande för ett införande av elektroniska affärer. En ytterligare drivkraft är att företag som bedriver någon form av förändringsarbete, för att förbättra sin verksamhet, ser elektroniska affärer som en viktig del i detta arbete. Behovet av ett bättre informationsflöde företag emellan är också en stark drivkraft för införandet av elektroniska affärer.</p><p>Möjliga effekter av ett införande har bland annat visat sig vara möjligheter till minskat manuellt arbete, tillgång till mer och utförligare information och en bättre lagerhantering.</p><p>De framgångsfaktorer som har identifierats är bland annat en övergripande analys av dagens arbetssätt, flexibla tekniska lösningar, hantering av förändrade affärsrelationer och hantering av förändringar inom företaget.</p>

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

<p>Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) plays an important role in improving organizational competitiveness. Information technology has been instrumental in integrating functional areas within and outside firms. This research used empirical evidence to evaluate the state of EDI in the in the willingness of SME's to connect electronically to a large distribution centre in South Africa. Furthermore, it investigated the EDI adoption rate from the viewpoint of a small business. Many such businesses feel coerced by larger trade partners to adopt EDI or lose the customer.</p>

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) holds the potential to improve contemporary business operations, which are redefined frequently based on the demands of global competition. There are numerous EDI systems, which an enterprise can choose to adopt in order to meet its needs and goals. International literature demonstrates a variation of views regarding the adoption of new technologies, which differ according the size of each organization along with internal and external impediments and determinants. The use of EDI worldwide has gained a positive acceptance by commercial companies, industries and service providers, followed by rapid adoption mainly in the processes of large organizations. Conversely, the predictions of previous years’ studies have not been materialized to the expected extent. In Greece in particular, there is low penetration and a reluctance to adopt EDI technologies by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This study is based on the theoretical framework of Technology, Organization and Environment (TOE). A qualitative multiple case study research design has been used, in order to provide further insights on the factors that affect the decision of Greek SMEs in adopting EDI technologies. The significance of the perceived direct and indirect benefits, the effects of the perceived financial cost and technical competence and the importance of industry and government pressure on corporate level, are analyzed and discussed. An empirical support of the low penetration of EDI in the Greek SMEs' community is also provided. This research contributes in the existing knowledge about EDI adoption decisions regarding Greek SMEs by providing a variation of views, further insights on how Greek SMEs behave and react during the current economic recession and a new cost factor that emerged within the analysis of multiple cases. Avenues for future research are recommended in order to expand this study's findings in the field of corporate IT innovation.

Purpose ¿ This paper aims to examine the role of e-commerce in hospital pharmacy in the procurement of pharmaceuticals and determine how this has improved the internal pharmaceutical supply chain. Whilst e-commerce is in its infancy in this area it is still considered to be an important facet of supply chain management. E-trading within NHS pharmacies is conducted via electronic data interchange (EDI) offering proven benefits and ensuring the efficient and effective transmission of data between remote parties. Design/methodology/approach ¿ The data were collected via a case-study in an NHS trust pharmacy supported and by questionnaires distributed to NHS and community pharmacies in the north-west of England. Findings ¿ The findings support the view that there are benefits to be gained from introducing EDI into a purchasing department as the next logical step towards a total e-commerce solution (internet-based) and instigating quality improvements. It also proposes that the implementation and use of e-commerce in hospital pharmacies can be aligned with progress made in small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and questions why, if such benefits can be realised, the use of e-commerce systems are not more widespread. Research limitations/implications ¿ The implications of this research is that it offers a ¿snap-shot¿ of progress made-to-date of e-commerce in NHS Pharmacy, which can provide guidance for mangers and healthcare professionals managing their e-commerce/quality improvement agenda. The research conducted was restricted to a specific regional area of the NHS and could be applied to a larger national sample group. Future research within this field should also consider the cost of not introducing e-commerce in pursuing quality improvement. Originality/value ¿ This discussion offers an insight into how a pharmacy approached EDI, and this is further supported by recent research conducted into examining the pharmacy systems in operation in the north-west of England and accompanying EDI systems and an analysis of EDI uptake and use in a sample of pharmacies in the same region, the latter being supported by anecdotal evidence of pros and cons to using EDI and potential barriers to its introduction.

<p>Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) plays an important role in improving organizational competitiveness. Information technology has been instrumental in integrating functional areas within and outside firms. This research used empirical evidence to evaluate the state of EDI in the in the willingness of SME's to connect electronically to a large distribution centre in South Africa. Furthermore, it investigated the EDI adoption rate from the viewpoint of a small business. Many such businesses feel coerced by larger trade partners to adopt EDI or lose the customer.</p>

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 56).

The aim of this thesis is an analysis of the logistics system of the selected operator, in this case, the company GLOBUS ČR, k.s., in terms of material and information flows, description of the critical factors that can disrupt the continuity and efficiency of logistics activities of the logistics system and to propose measures to ensure the optimization of the entire system terms of the level of logistics services and logistics costs. For the purposes of the definition of critical design factors and activities leading to the optimization of logistics systems, and it was necessary to analyze individual actions in the logistics. Critical factors of the system were determined by subjective evaluation. These consisted in finding the bottlenecks and their definition. Critical factors have been identified for the particular listings, non-system treatment of certain cases and for the lack of cooperation between the administration and operation.

Orientador: Luiz Carlos Kretly / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T08:29:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbante_CelsoCoslop_M.pdf: 3761831 bytes, checksum: 03bb5089dc9e6c592383bab7b9e24c98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Foi desenvolvido neste trabalho um circuito de transmissão de dados pela rede de energia elétrica - PLC, que permite transmissão de dados em baixa velocidade, numa topologia de circuito que permite uma futura integração. O protótipo elaborado com componentes discretos apresenta operação compatível com um circuito típico de PLC. Os circuitos de acoplamento com a rede elétrica são amplamente discutidos. O sinal digital serialmente transmitido passa por um deslocamento de nível que permite ajuste de ganho e deslocamento do valor de sinal, posteriormente sendo aplicado a um VCO que possibilita efetuar de forma simples a modulação do tipo FSK contínua. Medidas de taxa de (BER) foram efetuadas e o resultado mostrado numérica e graficamente. Um circuito integrado monolítico para o VCO, parte do sistema, foi projetado, prevendo uma integração futura. Para isso foram feitas simulações no simulador de circuitos ADS e após no fluxo de projeto foi feito o layout do circuito integrado usando ferramentas de EDA Cadence. O design kit utilizado foi da foundry AMS, tecnologia AMS C35 e mostra a viabilidade de integração de todo o sistema num único CL. / Abstract: It was developed in this work a circuit for power line data communication - PLC that enable low speed data transmission in a circuit topology that enable a future integration. The built prototype was elaborated with discrete components and exhibits a compatible operation with a typical PLC circuit. The coupling circuits with the mains wires are extensively discussed. The signal to be serially transmitted pass through a level shifter that allows a level and offset adjust of the signal, later being applied to a voltage controlled oscillator - VCO that performs the continuous FSK modulation in a simplified way. Bit Error Rate (BER) measurements were made, and the results presented numerically and graphically. A monolithic integrated circuit for the VCO, part of this system, was projected foreseen a possible future integration. For this task was performed simulation in the ADS circuit simulator and later in the project flow an integrated circuit layout was made using Cadence EDA tools. The chosen design kit comes from AMS foundry, in the technology AMS C-35, and shows the system integration viability in a single integrated circuit. / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica