Le commerce électronique B to C se popularise de plus en plus et le nombre de ses adeptes ne cesse de croître d'année en année. Ses avantages, pour les consommateurs, en termes de rapidité, de commodité et de proximité ne sont plus à prouver. Néanmoins, la particularité du medium utilisé pour effectuer des transactions en ligne et les spécificités de l'environnement électronique, notamment l'immatérialité, l'interactivité et l'internationalité influent considérablement sur la confiance des cyberconsommateurs en même temps qu'elles accroissent leur vulnérabilité, d'où la nécessité d'un cadre juridique adapté afin que l'essor du commerce électronique B to C ne néglige pas la protection des cyberconsommateurs. Conscients de cet impératif, les législateurs communautaire, français et tunisien, ont mis en place un certain nombre de mesures de nature à rassurer ces derniers et leur permettre de s'engager dans des transactions de commerce en ligne en toute confiance. Ces mesures sont de deux ordres : les unes sont destinées à assurer au cyberconsommateur une protection intrinsèque au processus de la transaction en ligne ; cette protection se manifeste en amont de la transaction, lors de la phase précontractuelle, mais également pendant la période contractuelle, c'est-à-dire au moment de la finalisation de la transaction en ligne et de son exécution. Les autres ont pour objectif de garantir au consommateur une protection extrinsèque au processus de la transaction du commerce électronique. Deux aspects sont, à cet égard, pris en compte : la protection des données à caractère personnel traitées dans le cadre d'une transaction en ligne et les aspects du droit international privé de la protection du cyberconsommateur. / B to C e-commerce is increasingly gaining popularity. The number of its followers has seen a drastic surge throughout the few recent years. Its advantages in terms of speed, convenience and proximity are not any more questionable by consumers. Nevertheless, the characteristic of this medium used to carry out online transactions as well as the specificities of the electronic environment - in particular the immateriality, the interactivity and internationality - influence considerably cyber-consumers confidence. Simultaneously, they increase their vulnerability. Thus, the need for an appropriate legal framework to regulate the rise of B to C e-commerce and protect cyber-consumers. Taking into account these requirement, community, French and Tunisian legislators set up a number of measures to reassure the latter and allow them to engage confidently in online commerce transactions. These measures have two targets: some of them were intended to grant cyber-consumers an intrinsic protection in the process of the online transaction. This protection is set to be an upstream transaction protection at the pre-contractual phase as well as during the contractual period; i.e. at the level of on line transaction finalization and execution. The others aim to guarantee the consumer an extrinsic protection throughout the process of e-commerce transaction. In this respect, two aspects are taken into account, namely: personal data processed during transactions and the aspects of private international law of cyber-consumer protection.

Labour law aspects of employment of HIV positive persons Abstract This thesis describes and analyses problematics of employment of HIV positive persons. The main focus is on the labour law aspects which are specific or problematic regarding HIV positive persons. The text is divided into three chapters. First chapter provides general information about HIV and AIDS and creates a basis for the whole thesis. The description is focused mainly on the medicinal aspects of HIV and AIDS (its progression, treatment, its spreading, means of contagion). Information about perception of the disease in society is also provided. Second chapter revolves around aspects of employment relationships and agreements on work performed outside an employment relationship with HIV positive persons, as well as with employment of HIV positives in security and armed forces. One of the main themes of this chapter is assessment of medical fitness of job applicants and employees in relation with their HIV positivity. Other discussed topics are termination of employment relationships on grounds of employees state of health and personal data protection regarding HIV status of employees. Third chapter analyses matters of discrimination of HIV positive persons in employment relationships. It aims to answer a question whether HIV can be...

The primary aim of this dissertation thesis is to present a comprehensive analysis of the issue of personal data protection in the Czech Republic with regard to the regulation in the EU. The secondary goal of this work is to explore the historical genesis and material sources of the issue in question. The core information sources from which the thesis draws represent laws, judicial decisions, official documents and Czech/foreign expert literature. In order to achieve the objectives of the work, the methods that are generally applicable in the field of legal science were used. Therefore the method of description (including classification), analysis and synthesis is mostly applied. The dissertation consists of seven chapters. After a short introduction, it begins with a sociological treatise on the importance of the protection of personal data in the 21st century. Privacy is currently an important topic in the light of the rapid development of information and communication technologies which have been developing since the second half of the 20th century and burgeoned since the turn of the century. Technological innovations allow for the collection of personal data on a large scale. These privacy infringements can prove to be irreversible, hence the importance of this area of law. The personal data...

This dissertation "European legal aspects of the protection of the private and family life of the child" focuses on the protection of privacy, particularly on data protection of children in the context of traditional and modern communication technologies. The family - parents plays the most important role in the environment of traditional and modern communication technologies for ensuring the right to privacy of children. Although the right to privacy and protection of personal data belongs directly to the child, parents have to provide the exercise of these rights of the child with regard to his/her age and mental capacity of the child. Particularly with regard to the constant development of modern technologies, it is possible to imagine that the increasingly threatening situations in terms of privacy and children's personal data will be more frequent. In selected cases, the analysis focuses on the question of who constitutes the cause of unlawful interference into the right of privacy, particularly data protection, individualization of the right or combination of rights to which an unlawful interference has been occurred and how the judicial authorities and national data protection authorities define in individual cases the permissible level of interference with the right to privacy and the...

GDPR (The General Data Protection Regulation) är ett nytt EU-direktiv som träde i kraft 25 maj 2018. EU-direktivet gäller i hela Europa och har i syfte att styra hur och vem som får hantera personuppgifter. All form av behandling av information som direkt eller indirekt kan knytas till en person styrs av GDPR. För alla myndigheter, företag och organisationer innebär detta en stor förändring. GDPR stärker privatpersoners rättigheter och hjälper de att ha kontroll över hur deras personuppgifter behandlas och används. Som privatperson delar vi med oss av våra personuppgifter mer än vad vi tror. Några av de sätt på vilka personlig information samlas in är via användning av bilar, smarta telefoner, program, bärbara datorer och webbplatser. Enligt en undersökning som har genomförts av Europakommissionen angående ”Data Protection”, det vill säga dataskydd visar resultatet att det är endast 13% av svenska befolkningen som upplever att de har full kontroll över all data som de lämnar ut online (Commission, 2015). De här 13 % av svenska befolkningen är även medvetna om att de har tillgång till att rätta, ändra och radera data som finns lagrad om dem. Denna studie fokuserar på att undersöka hur medvetna människor i Skövde kommun i ålder 18–65 är om GDPR och de rättigheter som medförs. För att genomföra studien har en enkätundersökning tillämpats som datainsamlingsmetod. Resultatet av studien visar att majoriteten av människorna är medvetna om GDPR och vad det innebär i generella drag och de känner även till de tre rättigheterna rätt till information, rätt till rättelse och rätt till radering. Människorna i Skövde kommun anser att det är viktigt att veta hur personuppgifterna hanteras och behandlas för att obehöriga personer inte ska få tillgång till de. Slutsatser som går att dra från studien är att människorna är måna om sina personuppgifter. De vill gärna ha kontroll över personuppgifterna och veta hur de hanteras, behandlas samt om en olycka inträffar som leder till att personuppgifterna blir stulna eller förstörda vill de gärna bli informerade om det. / GDPR (The General Data Protection Regulation) is a new EU directive that came into force on May 25, 2018. The EU directive applies throughout Europe and has the purpose of managing how and who may handle personal data. Any form of processing of information that can be directly or indirectly linked to a person is governed by GDPR. For all authorities, companies and organizations, this is a major change. GDPR strengthens the right of individuals and helps them control how their personal data is processed and used.

Dataskyddsförordningen (GDPR) blev den 25e maj 2018 obligatorisk att följa för alla organisationer inom Europa som samlar in och behandlar personuppgifter. Dataskyddsförordningen ersatte Personuppgiftslagen som tidigare varit den lag som inom Sverige reglerat hur organisationer får behandla personuppgifter. En central del av Dataskyddsförordningen är den enskildes rättigheter som består av 8 punkter och redogör för vilka rättigheter som en enskild har när en organisation behandlar personuppgifter. Mycket av det som tidigare gällde i personuppgiftslagen har utökats genom den enskildes rättigheter och därmed har organisationer som behandlar personuppgifter fått förändra sin verksamhet för att möta de nya kraven. Syftet med arbetet är att reda ut på vilka sätt som den enskildes rättigheter har påverkat en organisation för att kunna efterleva de nya kraven. Genom en litteraturstudie identifierades forskning som publicerades innan Dataskyddsförordningen blev obligatorisk som analyserar och redogör för hur organisationer bör påverkas av Dataskyddsförordnigen. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod beståendes av intervjuer genomfördes en fallstudie för att ta reda på vilken faktiskt påverkan som den enskildes rättigheter inneburit i form av vilka anpassningar som organisationen behövt göra för att anses vara i fas med lagkraven. Resultatet analyserades och jämfördes med den forskning som identifierats för att kunna dra slutsatser kring den faktiska påverkan som rättigheterna inneburit. Resultatet visar på vilka sätt som den enskildes rättigheter har påverkat organisationen i form av nya administrativa processer, rutiner och teknisk funktionalitet för att kunna möta de krav som den enskildes rättigheter kräver. / The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) became mandatory on 25 May 2018 for all organizations within Europe who collect and process personal data. The General Data Protection Regulation replaced the Personal Data Act, which previously was the law that regulated in Sweden how organizations may process personal data. A central part of the GDPR is the individual's rights which consist of 8 rights and describe what rights an individual has when an organization processes their personal data. Much of what previously applied in the Personal Data Act has been expanded through the individual's rights and thus organizations that process personal data have had to change their organization to meet the new requirements. The purpose of this thesis is to sort out in what ways the individual's rights have affected an organization in order to comply with the new requirements. By the use of a literature study, research has been identified that was published prior to the GDPR became mandatory which analyzes and describes how organizations should be affected by the data protection ordinance. With the help of a qualitative method, interviews were conducted via a case study to find out what actual impact the individual's rights lead to in the form of which adjustments the organization needed to make in order to be considered in phase with the legal requirements. The result of the interviews was analyzed and compared with the previously identified research to be able to draw conclusions about the actual impact of the new rights. The result shows in what ways the individual's rights have affected the organization in the form of new administrative processes, routines and technical functionality in order to meet the requirements that the individual's rights require.

On May 25, 2018, the Directive, 95/46/EC, is superseded by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), (EU) 2016/679. Companies and organizations will have to revise routines, restructure organizations' processes and rebuild IT systems. The purpose of this study is to identify the critical success factors for implementing GDPR in the Swedish banking and finance sector. The study carried out a literature study as a foundation for the qualitative interviews with which empirical was gathered. Subjects for interviews was data protection officers (DPO) at four banks, as well as the Swedish Data Protection Authority and Forum för dataskydd, a national forum for DPO:s. The study's results showed a number of significant success factors for implementation processes. Based on these success factors, three were identified as critical to the implementation of GDPR from a computer science perspective: data governance, privacy-by-design, and documentation. / Den 25 maj 2018 ersattes dataskyddsdirektivet, 95/46/EG, med EU-förordningen 2016/679, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). För företag och organisationer kommer detta bland annat innebära nya rutiner, omstrukturering av organisationers processer och ombyggnation av IT-system. Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera de kritiska framgångsfaktorerna för implementering av GDPR inom den svenska bank- och finanssektorn. I studien genomfördes litteraturstudie som låg till grund för insamlande av empiri genom kvalitativa intervjuer med dataskyddsombud vid fyra banker. Intervjuer genomfördes även med Datainspektionen och Forum för dataskydd. Studiens resultat visade på ett flertal betydande framgångsfaktorer för implementeringsprocesser. Utifrån dessa framgångsfaktorer identifierades tre som kritiska för implementation av GDPR ur ett datavetenskapligt perspektiv: data governance, privacy-by-design samt dokumentation.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-11-14T11:28:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alvaro de Carvalho Pinto Pupo.pdf: 993019 bytes, checksum: 3e483a91d657e2658eb8b6b67b0a96f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T11:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alvaro de Carvalho Pinto Pupo.pdf: 993019 bytes, checksum: 3e483a91d657e2658eb8b6b67b0a96f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-31 / This study analyzes the concept of intimacy, privacy, free speech and personal data under a brazilian perspective, as well as the protection for each of the itens mentioned. The study makes references to authorities, legislation and case law pertaining to each of the subjects. The study pursues the clarification of what each of these understands as privacy protection and personal data protection, and how these correlates. It also pursues to understand if these understandings are aligned and propose, in the end, some way of uniformization considering the legislative bill proposals being discussed in the Brazilian Congress / O presente trabalho analisa o conceito da intimidade, privacidade, liberdade de expressão e de dados pessoais sob uma perspectiva brasileira, bem como a proteção outorgada a cada um dos itens tratados acima. São analisados os pontos doutrinários, legais e jurisprudenciais associados com cada um deles. A análisa busca averiguar o que cada um desses campos entende como proteção da privacidade e dos dados pessoais e como a privacidade e dados pessoais se relacionam, além verificar se esses entendimentos estão alinhados e propor, ao final, uma forma de uniformização, considerando inclusive propostas legislativas que se encontram em debate no Congresso Nacional

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-02-16T19:30:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Cavalheiro Arantes.pdf: 7021027 bytes, checksum: af8afa8ff94692e9266b532db05a3e8a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T19:30:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Cavalheiro Arantes.pdf: 7021027 bytes, checksum: af8afa8ff94692e9266b532db05a3e8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / This paper aims at exposing the concept and functioning of behavioral advertising on Internet, its main legal implications and the parameters that must be observed by suppliers to ensure the lawfulness of said practice. This paper will show that for the advertising to be directed to a certain consumption’s profile, consumer data must be collected and used by suppliers. As the behavioral advertising on Internet has to use personal data and deal with technological mechanisms, which, in many cases, are not properly informed to consumers, it may violate their rights to privacy and information. The purpose of this paper, however, is to rule out extreme opinions that consider behavioral advertising and the way data is collected for this intent unlawful, as well as to present a legal solution that respect consumers’ rights to privacy and information, and concurrently, allow the practice of behavioral advertising on Internet / Esta dissertação tem a finalidade de expor o conceito e o funcionamento da publicidade dirigida na Internet, suas principais implicações jurídicas e os parâmetros que devem ser observados pelos fornecedores para garantir a licitude da prática de direcionamento publicitário. Como será exposto no decorrer deste trabalho, a publicidade, para ser dirigida a determinado perfil de consumo, pressupõe a coleta e a utilização de dados dos consumidores pelos fornecedores. Justamente por estar inserida nesse contexto de utilização de dados pessoais e de uso de mecanismos tecnológicos que, em muitos casos, não são adequadamente informados, a publicidade dirigida na Internet pode, a depender do caso concreto, violar os direitos à privacidade e à informação do consumidor. A proposta desta dissertação, no entanto, é afastar o entendimento radical de que a publicidade dirigida e a forma de coleta de dados para esse fim seriam práticas ilícitas por si só, além de apresentar uma solução jurídica que visa respeitar os direitos à privacidade e à informação do consumidor e, ao mesmo tempo, permitir a prática de direcionamento publicitário na Internet

Submitted by PPG Direito (ppgdir@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-05T12:52:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Clarissa_Lopes_ Bellarmino_Tes.pdf: 1858165 bytes, checksum: f3c9f1535f426f30e77001036a4fc860 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-08T12:22:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Clarissa_Lopes_ Bellarmino_Tes.pdf: 1858165 bytes, checksum: f3c9f1535f426f30e77001036a4fc860 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-08T12:34:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Clarissa_Lopes_ Bellarmino_Tes.pdf: 1858165 bytes, checksum: f3c9f1535f426f30e77001036a4fc860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-22 / Scientific research involving human beings, carried out in the biomedical and genetic areas, generates data from activities developed in biobank, among which genetic data, which should be protected not only in the ethical scope, but also in the legal sphere. Genetic data are information related to hereditary characteristics obtained from samples of human biological sources (eg: cells, hair, tissues, blood, bone, tumors and organs, among other materials derived from human body). These samples can be stored, processed and accessed on biobank - nonprofit structure, organized and systematized in universities and research institutions that provides technologies and/or equipment necessary for scientific investigation. The purpose of this study is to verify whether current Brazilian regulation is sufficient or not regarding the ethical-legal protection of human genetic data in biobank activities, considering the rights of the participants, as far as safeguarding their personal data and to sensitive data, fundamentals of genetic identify. Genetic identify understood as the projection of personal identify. In view of this, it is essential to review the national literature in the light of the constitutional principle of human dignity and fundamental rights, such as the right to life, health, intimacy, privacy and the free development of personality. In turn, a review and analysis of current Brazilian legislation, as well as the identification of guidelines, recommendations and international regulations, are constructs that support and contribute to the understanding of the relevance and pertinence of the subject of personal data protection, particularly human genetic data, demanding the legal support from the principles of the democratic State based on the rule of law. Finally, it is concluded that the protection of human genetic data in biobank activities is deserving of specific legislation, which includes measures of coherence in case of violation of the principle of human dignity and of the fundamental rights implied, that guarantees the integrity of the participant of the research and their personal rights, that imposes to the researchers, the participants, the research institutions and universities and the State, the duties and limits of action in relation to human life and health. Therefore, a specific infraconstitutional legislation, effective in the legal and effective protection in its implementation. / Las investigaciones cient?ficas que involucran seres humanos, realizadas en las ?reas biom?dica y gen?tica, generan datos a partir de actividades desarrolladas en biobanco - entre los cuales datos gen?ticos - debiendo los mismos ser protegidos, no s?lo en el ?mbito ?tico, sino tambi?n en el ?mbito jur?dico. Los datos gen?ticos son informaciones sobre las caracter?sticas hereditarias obtenidas de muestras de material biol?gico humano (por ejemplo, c?lulas, pelo, tejidos, sangre, huesos, tumores y ?rganos, entre otros ejemplares derivados del cuerpo humano). Estas muestras pueden ser almacenadas, procesadas y accesadas en biobanco - estructura sin fines de lucro, organizada y sistematizada en universidades e instituciones de investigaci?n que ofrece tecnolog?as y / o recursos necesarios para la investigaci?n cient?fica. El prop?sito de este estudio es verificar si la regulaci?n brasile?a actual es suficiente - o no - cuanto a la protecci?n ?tico-jur?dica de los datos gen?ticos humanos en actividades de biobanco, garantizando los derechos de los participantes, con la salvaguardia de sus datos personales y datos sensibles, fundamentales para la identidad gen?tica. Identidad gen?tica entendida como proyecci?n de la identidad personal. En este prisma, es imprescindible una revisi?n de la literatura nacional, a la luz del principio constitucional de la dignidad humana y de los derechos fundamentales, tales como el derecho a la vida, a la salud, a la intimidad, a la privacidad y al libre desarrollo de la personalidad. Por su parte, una revisi?n y an?lisis de la legislaci?n brasile?a actual, as? como la identificaci?n de directrices, recomendaciones y regulaciones internacionales, son constructos que fundamentan y contribuyen a la comprensi?n de la relevancia y pertenencia de la tem?tica acerca de la protecci?n de datos personales, particularmente datos gen?ticos humanos, lo que exije del Estado Democr?tico de Derecho el debido apoyo legal. Por ?ltimo, se concluye que la protecci?n de los datos gen?ticos humanos en las actividades de biobanco est? merced a una legislaci?n espec?fica, que contemple medidas de cohesi?n para el caso de afrenta al principio de la dignidad humana y de los derechos fundamentales implicados, que garantice la integridad del producto, que participa en la investigaci?n y sus derechos personales, que imponga a los investigadores, a los participantes, a las instituciones de investigaci?n y universidades y al Estado, los deberes y l?mites de actuaci?n en relaci?n con la vida humana y la salud. Por lo tanto, una legislaci?n infraconstitucional espec?fica, eficaz en la protecci?n jur?dica y efectiva en su implementaci?n. / As pesquisas cient?ficas envolvendo seres humanos, realizadas nas ?reas biom?dica e gen?tica, geram dados a partir de atividades desenvolvidas em biobanco, dentre os quais dados gen?ticos, devendo os mesmos serem protegidos, n?o apenas no ?mbito ?tico, como tamb?m no ?mbito jur?dico. Dados gen?ticos s?o informa??es referentes ?s caracter?sticas heredit?rias obtidas de amostras de material biol?gico humano (por exemplo: c?lulas, cabelo, tecidos, sangue, ossos, tumores e ?rg?os, entre outros exemplares derivados do corpo humano). Essas amostras podem ser armazenadas, processadas e acessadas em biobanco - estrutura sem fins lucrativos, organizada e sistematizada em universidades e institui??es de pesquisa que oferece tecnologias e/ou equipamentos necess?rios ? pesquisa cient?fica. O prop?sito deste estudo ? verificar se a regula??o brasileira atual ? suficiente ou n?o quanto ? prote??o ?tico-jur?dica dos dados gen?ticos humanos em atividades de biobanco, considerando os direitos dos participantes, na medida da salvaguarda dos seus dados pessoais e dados sens?veis, fundamentos da identidade gen?tica. Identidade gen?tica entendida como proje??o da identidade pessoal. Sob este prisma, ? imprescind?vel uma revis?o da literatura nacional e internacional, ? luz de princ?pio constitucional da dignidade humana e dos direitos fundamentais, tais como o direito ? vida, ? sa?de, ? intimidade, ? privacidade e ao livre desenvolvimento da personalidade. Por sua vez, uma revis?o e an?lise da legisla??o brasileira atual, assim como a identifica??o de diretrizes, recomenda??es e regulamenta??es internacionais, s?o construtos que fundamentam e contribuem para a compreens?o da relev?ncia e pertin?ncia da tem?tica da prote??o de dados pessoais, particularmente dados gen?ticos humanos, exigindo do Estado Democr?tico de Direito o devido respaldo legal. Por fim, conclui-se que a prote??o dos dados gen?ticos humanos em atividades de biobanco est? a merecer uma legisla??o espec?fica, que contemple medidas de coers?o para o caso de afronta ao princ?pio da dignidade humana e dos direitos fundamentais implicados, que garanta a integridade do participante da pesquisa e seus direitos pessoais, que imponha aos pesquisadores, aos participantes, ?s institui??es de pesquisa e universidades e ao Estado, os deveres e limites de atua??o em rela??o vida humana e ? sa?de. Portanto, uma legisla??o infraconstitucional espec?fica, eficaz na prote??o jur?dica e efetiva na sua implementa??o.