Utilisant « The Clockmaker » de Thomas Chandler Haliburton, cette étude examine comment la littérature informe notre compréhension du passé et les idées du présent. Ceci est une analyse des façons que le conservatisme de certains « Impérialistes canadiens » du XIXe siècle (Stephen Leacock, G.M. Grant, Andrew Macphail), des idéologues imaginant un rôle plus important pour le Canada au sein de l'Empire britannique, était influencé par celui présenté dans «The Clockmaker». Ce travail propose que l’ouvrage, problématique aujourd’hui, est tout de même important à analyser pour sa popularité et son influence dans le passé, ainsi que pour avoir contribué à faire revivre – grâce à sa rhétorique satirique, ses caricatures, et un style politisé – un conservatisme mourant que les Impérialistes ont ensuite adoptés. Cela a permis aux Impérialistes de développer une vision du Canada conforme à leur époque tout en s'appuyant sur un élément conservateur avec un fondement établi. « The Clockmaker » présente plusieurs idées similaires à celles des Impérialistes: une forte association britannique, de l’anti-américanisme, une plus grande influence du Dominion, etc. Conséquemment, il n'est guère surprenant que Grant lui-même ait noté l'influence de Haliburton sur la conception canadienne de l’impérialisme de lui et ses confrères. Étudiant les valeurs de Haliburton, leur expression dans « The Clockmaker », et comment les Impérialistes reflètent les idées et la rhétorique du roman, cette étude crée une continuité entre « The Clockmaker » et ces nationalistes qui ont cherchés une légitimité dans le passé en imaginant les traditions d'un jeune pays. L’étude examine la manière dont la littérature, au-delà d'être modélisée par son présent, devient l'histoire hautement-interprétable qui l’informe. / Using Thomas Chandler Haliburton’s The Clockmaker, this work examines how literature informs understandings of the past and ideas of the present. This is an analysis of how the Toryism of certain late 19th-century Canadian Imperialists (Stephen Leacock, G.M. Grant, and Andrew Macphail) was influenced by The Clockmaker. These Imperialists were ideologues who imagined a greater role for Canada within the British Empire. The contention is that Haliburton’s work, although highly problematic today, is nonetheless important to analyze for the popularity and influence it had at other historical moments, and specifically for the ways it helped revive – through satirical rhetoric, caricatures, and politically-charged writing – a dying form of Toryism that the Imperialists adopted into their thought in multiple ways. This allowed the Canadian Imperialists to develop a vision of Canada in-line with the times while relying on an element of Tory culture that had a sound historical background. The Clockmaker expounds similar ideas to those of the Imperialists: strong British ties, anti-Americanism, an added socio-political weight to the Dominion, etc. It is hardly surprising, then, that Grant himself noted Haliburton’s influence on him and his fellow thinkers’ conceptual framing of imperialism in Canada. Studying Haliburton’s values, their expression in The Clockmaker, and the way the Imperialists’ works reflect the ideas and rhetorical tools of the novel, this study creates a continuity between The Clockmaker and those nationalists who sought legitimacy in the past when imagining the traditions of a fledgling country. This study examines how literature, beyond being modeled by its present, becomes the highly-interpretable history that informs said present.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Parmi l'ensemble des recherches consacrées à l'étude du mouvement "nativiste" (ou de xénophobie) aux Etats-Unis, peu ont abordé le problème sous l'angle des victimes. Certes, plusieurs historiens évoquent de temps à autre les effets à long terme sur le plan de l'assimilation. Mais aucun chercheur n'a encore lâché d'expliquer comment un groupe victime de xénophobie réagit face à cette intolérance. Quel est le rôle des élites dans la formulation du discours et des comportements défensifs? Les vagues nativistes affectent-elles la cohésion interne d'une communauté, et si oui, comment? Le présent mémoire propose donc de jeter un nouveau regard sur cette réalité historique en analysant le cas des Franco-Américains de l'Etat du Maine après la Première Guerre Mondiale. L'absence d'une historiographie pertinente sur le plan conceptuel nous incite donc à emprunter le cadre théorique de notre recherche aux autres sciences sociales, en particulier à la psychologie sociale qui a développé des grilles d'analyse propres à l'étude des comportements individuels et collectifs en société. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013

Suite à son entrée à l'Organisation des États américain, le Canada a intensifié son action en matière de renforcement démocratique dans les pays des Amériques. Au sein des institutions régionales, son action s'est notamment concrétisée par un appui à une plus grande collaboration avec les organisations de la société civile (OSC). Dans ce contexte, cette recherche s'intéresse à la relation que le Gouvernement du Canada a développée avec les OSC, tant dans l'élaboration que dans la mise en oeuvre de la politique étrangère canadienne pour la région des Amériques. Elle expose comment s'est construit, puis matérialisé à l'échelle régionale, un discours en faveur de la démocratie qui privilégie une plus grande participation des OSC. Plus particulièrement, cette recherche se penche sur le rôle du Canada dans le processus des Sommets des Amériques pour étudier la transposition de ce discours au niveau des institutions interaméricaines.

In Bonheur d'occasion (1945), Hey Waitress and Other Stories (1989), Les enfants Beaudet (2001) and Lullabies for Little Criminals (2006), the characters struggle with exclusion, confinement and lack of social recognition in precarious environments. Moving in and out of home, they resist power structures that define and delineate their living spaces and they use strategies of transgression that allow them to make sense of their existence in relation to other people who share similar struggles. One aspect of the transgressive function of the texts is to represent alternative spaces in the lives of women and children that result from their experiences of struggle. The texts dramatize a desire for alternatives to dealing with spatial distress, economic crisis and sex-gendered boundaries. This desire is represented by the female and child characters' survival strategies, which show their capacity to surmount the socio-spatial difficulties. As Barbara Godard remarked, one of the aims of recent feminist research"coincides with the efforts of women writers to open new dimensions of space, to allow women freedom of movement, without hesitancy, or fear, or obstacle, through geographic and political spaces, but, more fundamentally, through cultural, conceptual and imaginary spaces" (Godard 2). Looking closely at how authors Gabrielle Roy, Helen Potrebenko, Isabel Vaillancourt and Heather O'Neill dramatize female and child characters' movement through and experience of daily living spaces, I suggest that, indeed, the texts open and question the geographical, material, sex-gendered, and imaginary spaces in which fictionalized subjects struggle to exist. By exploring the characters' experience of spatial, economic and psychosocial distress, I argue that the fictionalized subjects are able to build localized spaces of comfort both in the public and in the private sphere and thus to find a certain"freedom of movement" (Godard 2). Their survival strategies used for coping with social, spatial, economic, and physical boundaries show that they are agents of change and capable of finding and preserving minimum comfort in living spaces. For instance, the characters show ambivalence towards their sense of home, and, accordingly, they seek to rebuild and/or negotiate this living space through alternative sites such as embodied, fantasized or shared spatiality. I will read the texts according to the experiences of struggle of the characters, the represented survival strategies, and textual elements such as narrative point of view and discourses on space, gender and poverty. Bonheur d'occasion concentrates on the ways of using and creating space to get out of poverty and represents women's active, but subjugated, roles. The collection of short stories Hey Waitress and Other Stories gathers fictional voices of working-class, elderly, and poor subjects who experience sex-gendered, spatial, and economic struggle. These struggles create a space for alternatives and for resistance in living spaces that are open to change. Les enfants Beaudet fictionalizes the lives of children who, as a closed group, try to appropriate private and public spaces and use violence and revenge to cope with feelings of abandonment and injustice. Finally, Lullabies for Little Criminals , a first-person narrative, dramatizes the daily struggles of a pre-teenager who goes from one place to another, searching for recognition and a sense of home in Montreal. Each text represents particular living spaces and lived spatiality that situate and inscribe the agency of the female and child protagonists. Despite spatial crises, these stories dramatize how oppressed subjects are able to take action. Drawing on theories of space (Henri Lefebvre, Elizabeth Grosz, Kristinne Miranne and Alma H. Young), home (Catherine Wiley, Thomas Foster, Janet Zandy) and the fictional representation of poverty (Roxanne Rimstead), this thesis analyses home, the workplace, the body, and the shared space of solidarity as fragile, limited and conflicting sites. The four books dramatize the socio-spatial distress of characters that arise when precarious living conditions limit their opportunities for survival and subjecthood. I suggest, more particularly, that the negotiation of space is an important part of the process of identity formation through which the characters find a sense of home between the material and the psychological, the public and the private, and individuality and solidarity.

What are the intercultural and spiritual implications of death in literature? How do communities portrayed in two specific novels, Brian Moore's Black Robe and Lee Maracle's Ravensong, handle the conflict that comes with death seen from within and from without? The communities represented within these narratives do not share the same spiritual or cultural background, yet all must face the reality of death on a daily basis. Is there some form of mediation to help these conflicting views on death come together within the stories? By looking into specific examples from the novels, derived from observations on the afterlife, rituals enacted by the community, power struggles between community leaders and the alienation and isolation that come with death, it is possible to determine what the differences are between the belief systems. Building from psychological and sociological theories on death as much as on notions of contact and identity, we can determine how the views on death come into play between spiritualities and cultures in the novels. When mediation fails, we see that it is mostly because of a lack of understanding of the Other, either through resistance to or dismissal of the Other's perceived spirituality. When mediation does occur, we can surmise that the people are accepting the Other's point-of-view either to supplement their own or to try to understand the strangeness of the Other. In both instances, shared beliefs or experiences become the key element that allows the dialogue to either occur or be denied. Only when context is shared does there seem to be a possibility of bridging the gap between culture and spirituality, and death, as a shared experience, offers this.

Ce mémoire étudie les divergences de perception entre les journaux canadiens anglophones et les journaux québécois francophones quant au traitement d’événements à teneur politique dans le contexte post-référendaire (1995 à nos jours). Il s’attarde plus particulièrement au traitement médiatique entourant trois événements, soit le dépôt du projet de loi sur la clarté en décembre 1999, le dépôt de la motion reconnaissant la nation québécoise en novembre 2006 et le dépôt de projet de Charte des valeurs en septembre 2013. Un bref historique des relations entre le Québec et le Canada, ainsi que l’étude d’écrits de différents auteurs ayant traité de celles-ci démontrent que les divergences entre les Canadiens anglophones et les Québécois francophones perdurent depuis la Conquête et semblent s’expliquer par une perception distincte de la place du Québec dans le Canada, perception influencée par le nationalisme propre à chacun des groupes. L’adoption de la Politique canadienne du multiculturalisme par Trudeau à la fin des années soixante-dix aurait d’ailleurs accentué le fossé entre le nationalisme québécois plus identitaire et une vision multiculturaliste du Canada. Ce mémoire a donc pour objectif de vérifier empiriquement si des divergences de perception persistent dans le traitement médiatique d’événements politiques dans le contexte post-référendaire et d’évaluer si ces divergences sont influencées par la conception qu’ont les journaux canadiens anglophones et québécois francophones de leur propre nationalisme. Pour ce faire, une analyse de discours, à la fois quantitative et qualitative, des trois événements sélectionnés est effectuée. Cette analyse permet de confirmer que des divergences persistent entre les deux groupes et qu’elles peuvent, en partie, s’expliquer par l’influence de certaines notions liées au nationalisme québécois dans le discours québécois francophones, telles que celles entourant la collectivité et les droits collectifs, l’histoire, ainsi que l’interculturalisme. Toutefois, elle permet également de constater une présence accrue, au fil des événements, d’éléments traditionnellement reconnus au nationalisme canadien dans le discours québécois francophone.

This interdisciplinary study examines the contribution that a book-review magazine makes to the cultural identity of its readers. It is the result of reflections on the cultural work of Books in Canada , on whether or not this periodical was a cultural worksite and if that is the case how it performed that cultural work. In addition, it interrogates factors that may have contributed to the magazine's demise. The study affirms that Books in Canada, a cultural enterprise from 1971 to 2008, mirrored and helped to shape book and literary culture in Canada through its circulation, through the personalities of its editors, through its front covers and through its reviewers and their reviews. Furthermore, it proposes that the demise of the enterprise was due to a combination of factors. The study begins with an introduction to book reviewing and special-interest magazines. Chapter I examines the interplay between selected visual and textual contents published in Books in Canada in its founding years. These components reflected and helped to fuel the cultural nationalism that was sweeping Canada subsequent to the 1967 World's Fair in Montreal. There were also persistent rumours and comments about the magazine that caused certain"cracks in the foundation" to appear. Chapter II compares the aims and editorial challenges of Val Clery, founder of Books in Canada , with those of Adrien Thério, founder of Lettres québécoises, and of the editors of the magazines' twentieth-anniversary issues, Paul Stuewe in the case of the former and André Vanasse in the case of the latter. Evidence in the content of the magazine, editorial and otherwise, indicated that the"contracts" that the editors made with their readers over the years were similar, to reflect and shape a cultural identity, but the result of their"projects," that is, the nature of those identities, was distinctly different. Evidently then, personal aims, preferences and political leanings of editors can have a major impact on the content of a book-review magazine and thus on the cultural work that it does. Therefore, in Chapter III, I focus on selected contents published during the tenures of two of Books in Canada 's key editors, Paul Stuewe and Olga Stein, in order to understand ways that their choices constituted a form of cultural work. The second part of this chapter moves from an analysis of the cultural work of editors to an examination of the cultural work of reviewers. Here, through a close-reading of a selection of reviews published in Books in Canada, and in other periodicals, I argue that reviewers do cultural work in the way that they negotiate their presence in a review, and in how they signal that presence through lexical choices and through the degree of intellectual interaction that they invite. Intellectual interaction is at the core of Chapter IV.This chapter consists of close readings of some of the"billboards" of the enterprise, that is, the front covers of Books in Canada , in order to show how these important components do cultural work by requiring readers to make an intellectual leap from image to text. Chapter V suggests that book reviews, the company's"bills of goods," do cultural work in much the same way as the paratexts of a book. One of my own reviews is offered as a case-study along with a number of other reviews of how central components of a book-review magazine do cultural work through the illocutionary force of their sentences. The first part of Chapter VI, the final chapter, measures the legacy of the magazine, in particular, the annual Books in Canada First Novel Award. Created in 1976, this prize is awarded to the author of the novel judged by a Books in Canada prize committee to be the best first novel in English of the year. The second part of Chapter VI sheds light on factors that may have contributed to the closure of the enterprise, including the copyright uproar that accompanied the agreement that Adrian Stein, publisher of Books in Canada and Olga Stein's husband, made in 2001 with the online book merchant, Amazon.com. Furthermore, this penultimate section of the study suggests that one of the most important factors in the magazine's demise was the decision by the Steins to exploit their position as owners, publisher, and editor of a book-review periodical, a government-subsidized one at that, to publish their own lengthy pre-trial defense of Conrad Black. The chapter then zooms back from the particular to the general with a broader consideration of the impact of technology and globalization on the book industry and on the ability of Books in Canada to survive in any form, print or digital.

Cette étude présente une méthode pour interpréter les phrases post-tonales en analysant le premier et deuxième mouvement du Trio n°2 (1982) du compositeur canadien Clermont Pépin (1926 - 2006). Trois caractéristiques de la phrase musicale (cohérence, continuité et conclusion) sont tirées des recherches de Christopher Hasty et sont appliquées principalement à l'analyse du premier mouvement. L'analyse permet entre autres d'établir une liste des procédés servant à conclure les phrases et à dresser un plan formel du mouvement en tenant compte des différences structurelles des phrases de chaque section. L'analyse du deuxième mouvement, dont la musique comprend une part plus importante de périodicité, joint les caractéristiques de Hasty aux concepts formels tonals (types thématiques, caractéristiques spécifiques des débuts, milieux et fins formels) tels qu'énoncés par William Caplin.