When developing domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs), software engineers have to make a number of important design decisions on the DSML itself, or on the software-development process that is applied to develop the DSML. Thus, making well-informed design decisions is a critical factor in developing DSMLs. To support this decision-making process, the model-driven development community has started to collect established design practices in terms of patterns, guidelines, story-telling, and procedural models. However, most of these documentation practices do not capture the details necessary to reuse the rationale behind these decisions in other DSML projects. In this paper, we report on a three-year research effort to compile and to empirically validate a catalog of structured decision descriptions (decision records) for UML-based DSMLs. This catalog is based on design decisions extracted from 90 DSML projects. These projects were identified - among others - via an extensive systematic literature review (SLR) for the years 2005 - 2012. Based on more than 8,000 candidate publications, we finally selected 84 publications for extracting design-decision data. The extracted data were evaluated quantitatively using a frequent-item-set analysis to obtain characteristic combinations of design decisions and qualitatively to document recurring documentation issues for UML-based DSMLs. We revised the collected decision records based on this evidence and made the decision-record catalog for developing UML-based DSMLs publicly available. Furthermore, our study offers insights into UML usage (e.g. diagram types) and into the adoption of UML extension techniques (e.g. metamodel extensions, profiles).

This paper analyses the role of the spatial structure of migrant networks in the location decision of migrants to the European Union at the regional level. Using a random parameters logit specification, a significant positive effect of migrant networks in neighbouring regions on migrants' location decisions is found. Although this spatial spillover effect is smaller than the effect of networks in the host regions, omitting to control for this spatial dependence results in a 40% overestimation of the effect of regional migrant networks on the location decision of newly arriving migrants.

<p>Nursing is one of the most important professions in the United States but it has historically endured high levels of shortage and turnover (Apker, Propp, & Ford, 2009; Fox & Abrahamson, 2009). A nurse’s organizational climate and culture have been shown to impact a number of job outcomes including intention to leave the organization (Aiken & Patrician, 2000), and therefore is of interest to both scholars and practitioners alike. One way to understand the context in which nurses work is through organizational identification because people make sense of their own identities in part through the organizations to which they belong (Kuhn & Nelson, 2002). However, because individuals have various identities which can reinforce but at times conflict with each other (Scott et al., 1999) and the strength of these identities can dictate outcomes such as performance (Trybou, Gemmel, Pauwels, Henninck, & Clays, 2013), it is necessary to explore how nurses connect to different identities and social collectives (e.g., team, organization, and occupation/profession) within their work. Further, these connections with the multiplicities of identifications may help explain the decisions that guide nurses’ career trajectories as well as how the perceived identity of a nurse guides individuals to choose a career in nursing. This project seeks to understand how nurses talk about their jobs and how communicating with other nurses influences their career trajectory and decision to stay in or leave their organization or the nursing profession altogether. </p><p>This project draws upon both social identity theory and self-categorization theory to help explain how nurses communicate and situate themselves among others in their workplaces. Social identity theory and self-categorization theory are suited for this study’s social constructionist approach and the topic of this research because they explain how the strength and multiplicities of identification within an organization are constructed and shaped by communication with others. Data collection methods for this study consist of in-depth interviews with nurses of specific licensures, posts collected online from a nurse discussion forum, and a questionnaire of nurse forum participants. This study applies a mixed methods approach consisting of qualitative and quantitative analyses. In doing so, this project contributes in several ways including extending our understanding of (1) the connections between the multiplicities of identification; (2) how nurses construct meaning in their jobs to guide career decisions; (3) the nature of nurses’ interactions in online spaces; (4) nurse career decisions; and (5) nurses’ perceptions of the nursing profession before entering the profession.</p>

This study examines how suicide attempt survivors (SASs) decide whether or not to disclose their suicide attempt to close others. The investigation is framed using the revelation risk model (RRM) of disclosure (Afifi & Steuber, 2009) with particular focus on the risk assessment and willingness to disclose components of the model. Additionally, the investigation considers the concept of stigma in an effort to expand how stigma is relevant within the decision to disclose about prior suicide attempts. The sample includes 10 participants recruited from the Live Through This project, a project dedicated to collecting and sharing stories online from suicide attempt survivors. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Data analysis showed that suicide attempt survivor disclosure generally follows the framework of the RRM. Notably, stigma was shown to be a major factor in the secret valence and risk assessment stages of the model. Additionally, the disclosure decision-making process was found to change over time.

[pt] Uma das dificuldades encontradas pelos professores de Marketing é demonstrar para os aluno as aplicações práticas de um certo número de princípios consagrados nos modelos teóricos, especialmente no que concerne às decisões do composto mercadológico, sua implementação e avaliação. A prática de Marketing se desenrola num cenário extremamente aberto e é difícil conseguir um mirante de onde se possa observar o campo de batalha, aonde se desenrolam estas ações competitivas. Uma vez que a natureza sistêmica do Marketing indica que os mercados estão fundamentados em uma lógica estrutural na qual cada fato, ação ou decisão, está relacionado a um modelo configurado e a um arcabouço de pilares que sustentam o mercado em si, a ação individual e seus efeitos sobre os demais participantes, este trabalho desenvolve um Simulador para Treinamento de Decisões de Marketing - STDM, objetivando cumprir um papel de ponte entre a teoria e a prática. No STDM podem ser observados alguns efeitos quantitativos, no mercado e nas organizações, das ações que forem tomadas, com a vantagem adicional de que, por se tratar de um modelo teórico, pode conter nos exemplos, informações detalhadas que seriam, quase sempre, inacessíveis no mundo real, tais como volumes precisos de vendas, custos internos e remunerações de todas as empresas concorrentes. / [en] One of the difficulties in teaching Marketing, is how to demonstrate the practical applications of a certain number of principles consecrated in the theoretical models, especially those related to the decisions on marketing mix as well as its implementation and evaluation. Marketing practices are developed in a scenario extremely open and it is difficult to obtain an observation deck from where one could see the battle field, where the competitive actions take place. The system dynamics of Marketing indicates that markets are supported by pillars, according to a structured logic in which each fact, action or decision are related to a configured model that encompasses the specific actions and its effects. This paper develops a Simulator for Training Marketing Decisions - STDM, functioning like a bridge between theory and practice. Thru the STDM some quantitative effects can be observed in the market and organizations like the actions to be taken, with the additional advantage that being an hypothetical situation, it can contain in the examples, detailed information that would be inaccessible in the real world, such as sales volume, the internal costs and the economical results of all the competing companies.

Comparing the performance of a pure momentum strategy with a strategy based on intermediate past returns on OMXS 1999-2018, this study shows that a pure momentum strategy significantly outperforms a strategy based on intermediate past returns. The pure momentum strategy delivers significant returns, primarily for portfolios based on shorter formation and holding periods. Furthermore, this study show that these significant returns are not due to loading on common systematic risk factors. Moreover, this study shows that by implementing a scaling component to the pure momentum strategy, investors can mitigate the crash risk in momentum strategies to some extent.

Intresset för hållbara fonder har ökat kraftigt de senaste åren och idag investerar var fjärde person i denna typ av fond. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka psykologiska aspekter som påverkar vid investering i miljövänliga fonder, en underkategori till hållbara fonder. Detta har skett med stöd från ett flertal beslutsteorier samt teorier inom beteendefinansiering. Undersökningen har gjorts genom en kvantitativ metod med hjälp av enkäter, där en sambandsanalys gjordes genom korstabeller. Resultatet visade att altruism är en stark faktor till att människor väljer att investera miljövänligt. I övrigt har resultatet påvisat att motiven mellan investerare som sparar i miljövänliga fonder och investerare som sparar i konventionella fonder ur många aspekter är lika. / Sustainable mutual funds have increased with popularity during the past recent years. Presently, one in four people invests in this type of mutual funds. The aim with the following study was to examine which psychological factors have an impact on investment decisions in environmental funds. Specifically, looking into one of multiple subcategories of sustainable mutual funds. The study was made with support from several decision making theories and theories within behavioral finance. The study used surveying as a quantitative method with a context analysis by crosstabs. The results suggested that altruism is a strong factor towards one's choice to invest in environmental funds. The results also suggested that the motives between investors who invests in environmental funds and investors who choose to invest in traditional funds are similar in many aspects.

In Sweden the decisions that are made regarding young people who are to be prepared care are made after the law with special provisions on the care of young people (LVU) (SFS 1990:52). The aim of this study was to investigate how the court, in its grounds of law with special provisions on the care of young people, produces gender norms. The essays method was based on a qualitative content analysis and a social construction approach to highlight the grounds for reflecting their assessments in LVU cases. The purpose of the study was not to give a definitive picture of how the grounds are designed, but merely to illustrate the process of vulnerable young people in society. The study was based on 84 LVU cases including paragraph 2 and 3, which had a fall off with 19 cases. In analysis of our results, we applied previous research on the subject which contained norms´ impact on social work, youths constructed behavior out of a gender perspective, the complex going on behind the human surface and the impact of abuse in young people. We have also analyzed our results from theoretic perspectives as gender norms, parts of the socialization theory and how norms take part in the society. To illustrate how the court may have judge the young people from the genders norms in Sweden which describes how boys and girls should behave. This study found out that the differences in how the court judged boys and girls were minimal but in some cases of paragraph 3 the differences were easier to find than in paragraph 2. The most common in the results was that there were larger differences between girls and girls, boys and boys than between girls and boys. The study also showed that boys and girls that has the same social problems are assessed under different evidence. This caused that the law is therefore not used as the propositions referenced that they should have been used. This study has therefore attempt to highlight the importance of that young people that are in an exposed situation should have the same possibilities to get the help they need. The court should not rely on gender constructions in cases of the law with special provisions on the care of young people.

Esta tese descreve um estudo experimental com grupos de trabalho. O experimento concentrou-se na observação de equipes, compostas por alunos de administração de empresas, que atuaram em uma simulação empresarial. A simulação baseou-se na atuação de indivíduos, organizados como equipes de trabalho, em empresas fictícias que competiam entre si. Durante o processo, exigiu-se que as equipes analisassem o ambiente externo das organizações, os recursos disponíveis em suas organizações, o desempenho dos concorrentes e, com isso, que tomassem as decisões necessárias para alcançar os melhores resultados possíveis para a empresa. A grande preocupação deste estudo concentrou-se em identificar os possíveis impactos do comportamento das pessoas, quando reunidas em equipes, sobre o desempenho no trabalho, especificamente com relação ao processo de tomada de decisão estratégica, uma das principais exigências profissionais do administrador de empresas. O estudo também se interessou em verificar se um modelo de treinamento, desenvolvido para aperfeiçoar o processo decisório de tripulantes durante a condução de aeronaves, é capaz de atuar sobre o comportamento de grupos de trabalho em ambientes empresariais, melhorando a qualidade da tomada de decisão em equipe e, conseqüentemente, produzindo resultados superiores para a organização. Por fim, o estudo apresenta e comenta os resultados do experimento que, ao contrário do senso comum, não confirmaram evidências de efeitos do comportamento dos membros dos grupos sobre o desempenho das equipes de trabalho. Da mesma forma, não se confirmou impactos do modelo de treinamento sobre o processo decisório dos grupos, objeto do experimento. / This thesis describes an experimental study with workgroups. The experiment focused on teams? observation, each team formed by business administration undergraduates, who acted in a simulated business environment. The simulation was based in individuals? performance, organized in different workgroups, and working as simulated companies that were directed to compete against each other. During the process, teams were required to analyze their companies? external environment, available resources in their organizations, and competitors? performance, in order to make necessary decisions to reach the best possible results for the company. A great concern in this study was concentrated in identifying possible impacts that people?s behavior have in their performances at work, when joined in workgroups, specifically regarding the strategic decision making process, one of the biggest professional requirements for managers. This study also looked for to verify if a training model developed to enhance aircraft crew decision making process, was capable to influence teamwork?s behavior in a business environment, improving the quality of the team decision making process and, consequently, producing better results for the organization. Finally, this study presents and make comments on the results of the experiment that, opposing to the common sense, didn?t confirm that the behavioral aspects of the persons involved have an impact on the workgroups? performance. This study neither confirmed the effects from the training model in the improvement of the workgroups? decision making process, subject of this experiment.

Através do presente estudo analisou-se as decisões judiciais proferidas pelos Tribunais Superiores do Brasil - Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) e Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) - acerca dos conflitos entre usuários e operadoras de planos de saúde, a fim de verificar se nos julgamentos tem sido considerada a necessidade de preservação do direito à saúde. Na Parte I foram apresentados os pressupostos de compreensão do setor de planos de saúde, colocando-se à disposição informações sobre as denominações e classificações adotadas, histórico de formação e atual configuração. Ainda na primeira parte dissertou-se sobre o foco escolhido para a análise jurisprudencial: o direito à saúde. Evidenciou-se o processo histórico de reconhecimento dos direitos humanos e como o direito à saúde nele se inseriu, a natureza desse direito e sua consagração na legislação internacional e brasileira. Considerada a abordagem contratual que é dada aos planos de saúde, também se discorreu, ainda que brevemente, sobre o Código de Defesa do Consumidor (Lei nº 8.078/90) e a Lei de Planos de Saúde (Lei nº 9.656/98). A pesquisa jurisprudencial, apresentada nos capítulos da Parte II, abrangeu decisões sobre conflitos entre usuários e operadoras de planos de saúde disponíveis nos endereços eletrônicos dos Tribunais Superiores até 3 de junho de 2008 - data em que a Lei de Planos de Saúde completou 10 anos. Verificou-se que o STF não analisou o mérito dos recursos que lhe foram apresentados. A fundamentação adotada para tanto tem relevância na análise do impacto das decisões dos Tribunais Superiores na efetivação do direito à saúde em planos de saúde, mas prejudicou análises complementares. Assim sendo, no capítulo 5 as decisões do STJ e do STF foram analisadas no que diz respeito ao direito à saúde, e ao capítulo seguinte reservou-se a apresentação de aspectos complementares dos Recursos Especiais (STJ), como a natureza dos conflitos, a autoria das ações e os principais procedimentos, insumos e doenças negados aos usuários / Health insurance at Justice: is the right to health being effectived? studies how the Brazilian Superior Courts judge conflicts between health insurance companies and their users/clients. The objective of the study is to investigate whether and how the right to health takes part in the sentences. In the first part of the study the specific characteristics of the health insurance sector are introduced, including its development and its nowadays configuration and data. In the second part the judments of the Superior Courts (Superior Tribunal de Justiça and Supremo Tribunal federal) are presented and analysed.