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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is a leading cause of disability among aging adults. In the U.S., many individuals living with total hip arthroplasties attribute OA as the cause. Because the majority of anthropological OA research excludes pathological individuals (i.e., individuals with systemic disease, traumatic injuries, or arthroplasties), little is known about how prostheses and pathologies impact OA. This project adds to the research surrounding OA by investigating its relationship with age, disease, and prostheses. The proximal femora of 186 African- and European-American individuals (21-95 years old) from the Edmonds Orthopedic Pathology Collection (National Museum of Health and Medicine; Armed Forces Institute of Pathology) were analyzed. These individuals were grouped into three cohorts: non-disease; disease; and previous injury/prosthesis. Jurmain’s (1990) method was used to score OA, using an ordinal fourpoint scale to categorize OA changes as: none/slight; moderate; severe; and ankylosis. Results show that osteoarthritic hip changes are positively correlated with age and presence of a prosthesis, and that systemic diseases, such as cancer, increase the likelihood of OA in an individual. Results from Chi-square tests, exploratory data analysis, and ordinal logistic regression show that there is a statistically significant relationship (p<0.000) between degree of OA, age, recorded disease, and evidence of previous injury or prostheses. In contrast with the expectation that different populations would exhibit different patterns of OA, no sex or ancestry effects are observed. These results will help researchers better understand the etiology and contemporary risk factors of OA, as well as contribute data to OA research on an underrepresented sample.

Orientador: Sheila Canevese Rahal / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da Vibração de Corpo Inteiro (VCI) em cães diagnosticados com displasia coxofemoral. Dez cães diagnosticados com displasia coxofemoral foram submetidos a 48 sessões de VCI, por um período de 16 semanas. Foram avaliadas a musculatura dos membros pélvicos utilizando-se a mensuração da circunferência da coxa, ultrassom muscular e eletromiografia de superfície; a claudicação e os sinais de dor por meio de avaliação visual da claudicação, e questionários preenchidos pelos tutores; análise cinética por meio da plataforma de pressão. A circunferência da coxa em ambos os membros pélvicos e a mensuração ultrassonográfica dos muscúlos glutei no membro pélvico esquerdo e quadriceps femoris bilateral mostraram aumento significativo ao longo do tratamento. Os escores da eletromiografia de superfície do músculo vastus lateralis e os questionários de dor ficaram mais próximos dos padrões de normalidade após 48 sessões de VCI. Por outro lado, a avaliação visual de claudicação e a análise cinética não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Foi possível concluir que o emprego da plataforma vibratória em longo período promoveu melhora da hipotrofia muscular dos membros pélvicos e dos sinais de dor em cães com displasia coxofemoral, mesmo que sem alteração na porcentagem da distribuição de peso ou dos sinais de claudicação. / Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Whole-body Vibration (WBV) in dogs with hip dysplasia. Ten dogs with hip dysplasia were submitted to 48 sessions of WBV for a period of 16 weeks. The muscles of the hind limbs were evaluated using measurement of thigh circumference, muscle ultrasound and surface electromyography. Lameness and clinical signs of pain were assessed by visual lameness scoring and owner-based questionnaire, respectively. Kinetic analysis was performed by using a pressure-sensitive walkway. Thigh circumference measurements of both hind limbs and ultrasound measurements of the left hind limb glutei muscles and both right and left quadriceps femoris muscles showed a significant increase. Surface electromyography scores of the vastus lateralis muscle and results of pain questionnaires were close to normal patterns after 48 WBV sessions. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed in visual lameness scoring and kinetic analysis. In conclusion, the use of long term WBV caused improvement of muscle atrophy of the hind limbs and the pain signs in dogs with hip dysplasia, even though alterations in percentage of body weight distribution and lameness signs were not observed. / Mestre

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in human populations with onset and severity influenced by mechanical loading, aging effects, genetics, anatomy, and body mass. Despite major advancements in knowledge, the aetiopathogenesis of OA is complex and still poorly understood. Lack of standardization in methods to quantify skeletal OA make it difficult to study the effects of interacting explanatory variables on arthritic response, and prevents comparison of results between bioarchaeological studies. Joint changes of OA as a function of both the natural aging process and of mechanical stress can make an individual appear older than their chronological age, potentially impacting current methods to derive accurate skeletal age at death estimates, particularly in load-bearing regions. This project addressed these issues through three studies, using a large skeletal sample of modern Europeans for which sex, age, and occupation were available. The first study used principal component analysis (PCA) as a standardized procedure to compute aggregate scores for joint complexes and a systemic measure of OA in each region of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and knee. The second study analyzed the composite scores with a multiple regression model to determine the relative contribution of three predictors: age, activity, and body size, and their effect on skeletal expression of OA in each region. Body size (stature and mass) was calculated from postcranial skeletal measurements; torsional strength (J) of the femoral midshaft was calculated from three-dimensional surface models, size standardized and used as a proxy for measure of activity. The third study considered the effect of OA severity on the validity and reliability of three methods to estimate age at death from load-bearing joints of the os coxa: the pubic symphysis, auricular surface, and acetabulum. The study was designed to determine whether OA in adults acts as a potential limitation or benefit in deriving accurate skeletal age at death estimates from pelvic joint morphology that will contribute to standardized methods in establishing physiological degeneration of the skeleton due to aging. Body size and activity factors did not contribute significantly to OA pathology outside of the age-related expression in either of the lumbar vertebrae or knee regions, and only demonstrated a weak association at pelvic joints. Differences in adult patterns of age are reflected in joint arthritic changes of the os coxa and OA severity has an effect on the accuracy of age estimates from the pelvis; those with OA consistently aging faster in all three joint areas. This influence is most significant for young individuals at the auricular surface and pubic symphysis, over-aging at both. Oldest persons with little arthritic patterning at the acetabulum were under-aged, but accuracy of the age estimate improved as OA severity increased. Systemic measures of OA determined through PCA as an indicator of age, appear useful to identify the very old, but may also help to distinguish between systemic age-related stresses and localized biomechanical effects. Interpreting OA as evidence for old age, measures of habitual activity, and larger body mass should be exercised with caution in skeletal populations. / Graduate / 2018-04-18 / 0327 / 0339 / 0571 / calce.stephanie@gmail.com

Cartilage fatigue may be a factor in the precocious development of degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This cross-sectional study estimated potential for cartilage fatigue via TMJ energy densities (ED) and jaw muscle duty factors (DF), which were combined to calculate mechanobehavioral scores (MBS) in women with (+) and without (-) bilateral TMJ disc displacement (DD). All subjects gave informed consent to participate and were examined using Diagnostic Criteria (DC) for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) images. Forty-seven subjects were categorized into +DD (n = 29) and -DD (n = 18) groups. Dynamic stereometry (MR images combined with jaw-tracking data) characterized individual-specific data of TMJ stress-field mechanics to determine ED (ED = W/Q mJ/mm3, where W = work done, Q = volume of cartilage) during 10 symmetrical jaw-closing cycles with a 20-N mandibular right canine load. Subjects were trained to record masseter and temporalis electromyography over 3 days and 3 nights. Root mean square electromyography/bite-force calibrations determined subject-specific masseter and temporalis muscle activities per 20-N bite-force (T20 N, μV), which defined thresholds. Muscle DF (DF = % duration of muscle activity/total recording time) were determined for a range of thresholds, and MBS (ED2 × DF) were calculated. Intergroup differences in ED, DF, and MBS were assessed via analyses of variance with Bonferroni and Tukey honest significant difference post hoc tests. Average ED for contralateral TMJs was significantly larger (P = 0.012) by 1.4-fold in +DD compared to -DD subjects. Average DF were significantly larger (all P < 0.01) for +DD compared to -DD subjects by 1.7-, 2.5-, and 1.9-fold for day, night, and overall, respectively. Daytime MBS were significantly larger (all P < 0.04) by up to 8.5-fold in +DD compared to -DD subjects. Significantly larger ED, DF, and MBS were shown in women with compared to women without bilateral TMJ DD.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:01:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ggs_dr_jabo.pdf: 1931508 bytes, checksum: ec37215def296c0d2f60ec5f4d3da9f1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / No presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a utilização do enxerto alógeno de ligamento patelar (OLO) conservado em glicerina 98% e fixado por meio de parafusos de interferência como substituto do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr) em cães. Observou-se a exeqüibilidade e eficácia desta técnica cirúrgica e o comportamento do enxerto e dos parafusos durante o período de 120 dias, baseandose na capacidade dos exames clínicos, radiográficos e artroscópicos, em detectar o possível início e a progressão de alterações degenerativas secundárias na articulação do joelho. Para tanto foram utilizados oito animais da espécie canina pesando entre 17,2 e 26,4Kg. O enxerto utilizado correspondeu ao segmento composto pelo terço intermédio da patela, ligamento patelar e porção cranial da tuberosidade da tíbia, coletado de cadáveres de cães e conservado em glicerina 98%. Os oito cães foram separados em dois grupos, A e B e cada um contendo quatro animais para avaliação artroscópica (segunda observação) aos 60 e 120 dias do pós-operatório. Todos os cães foram submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico no joelho direito. Clinicamente, avaliou-se o grau de claudicação, o perímetro muscular da coxa e o movimento de gaveta cranial nos oito cães no pré-operatório e semanalmente, até completarem-se 120 dias. Foi observada diminuição da circunferência da coxa significativa (p<0,05) após o período de dez dias em que os cães permaneceram com a bandagem compressiva, sendo recuperada de forma significativa até 13° semana. As pontuações obtidas na avaliação do movimento de gaveta (extensão e flexão) tornaram-se significativamente diferentes da pré-operatória entre a 5° e 15° semanas (p<0,05). Quatro cães apresentaram ao final do experimento ausência de instabilidade articular como na avaliação pré-operatória e os outros... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of patelar ligament allograft (BLB) conserved in 98% glycerin and fixated with interferemce screws as a substitute of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs (CrCL). It was observed the feasibility and efficiency of this surgical technique and the graft and screws conduct along 120 days, basing on clinical, radiographic and arthroscopic capacity in detect the beginning and progress of secondary degenerative stifle joint changes. For this purpose, eight mongrel dogs weighting from 17,2 e 26,4 Kg were used. The graft consisted of the intermediate third of the pattela, patellar ligament and cranial portion of the tibial crest, harvested from dog cadavers and preserved in 98% glycerin.The eight dogs were randomly allocated in two groups, A and B, each one with four dogs for arthroscopic evaluation (second-look) at 60 and 120 days postoperative. All the dogs were submitted to the surgical procedure in the right knee. Clinically, lameness degree, thigh girth measurement and cranial-drawer test were evaluated in the eight dogs in preoperative, and weekly, until complete 120 days. A significant decrease in thigh girth (p<0,05) observed after ten days period that the dogs were using compressive bandage was recovered until the 13th week. The cranial-drawer test scores (flexion and extension) became significantly different between the 5th and 15th weeks postoperative (p>0,05). Four dogs presented at the final study period with no articular instability just like the preoperative evaluation, and the other four with just a slight craniocaudal instability. In the lameness evaluation, from the 4th week, all the dogs presented mean score for stands with equal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by LÍVIA DE PAULA COELHO null (coelholivia@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-25T16:42:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Lívia_de Paula_Coelho.pdf: 1644637 bytes, checksum: 23b5d8d8d626124c1f92f58da2470387 (MD5) / Rejected by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: O arquivo submetido não contém o certificado de aprovação. Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-04-26T16:31:22Z (GMT) / Submitted by LÍVIA DE PAULA COELHO null (coelholivia@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-28T15:28:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Lívia_de Paula_Coelho.pdf: 1693903 bytes, checksum: 19b7ed665d5907083e027dbd119748c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-05-03T13:39:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 coelho_lp_me_jabo.pdf: 1693903 bytes, checksum: 19b7ed665d5907083e027dbd119748c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T13:39:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 coelho_lp_me_jabo.pdf: 1693903 bytes, checksum: 19b7ed665d5907083e027dbd119748c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A cartilagem articular possui capacidade de reparação limitada, aumentado a predisposição ao desenvolvimento de alterações degenerativas, muitas vezes irreversíveis. Diversas formas de tratamento, cirúrgicas ou conservativas, são descritas, entretanto a terapêutica da osteoartrite continua sendo grande desafio ao médico veterinário. Neste contexto, a pesquisa envolvendo células-tronco mesenquimais destaca-se na busca de melhorias e avanços na reparação da cartilagem articular. Objetivou-se, no presente projeto, comparar a regeneração cartilaginosa da articulação coxofemoral de coelhos, com e sem o transplante de células-tronco mesenquimais autólogas, por meio de exames radiográficos e histopatológicos. Dois grupos, com 15 animais da espécie leporina cada, foram submetidos à indução química de osteoartrite com solução de colagenase 2% na articulação coxofemoral direita. No Grupo 1 (Células-tronco) realizou-se a aplicação intra-articular de células-tronco mesenquimais autólogas, enquanto que, o Grupo 2 (Controle) foi constituído por animais submetidos à aplicação intra-articular de solução salina estéril. Foram realizadas avaliações radiográficas e histopatológicas aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a aplicação. Os resultados histológicos deste ensaio indicam que células-tronco mesenquimais (Grupo 1) melhoraram discretamente a qualidade do tecido de reparo, de acordo com os critérios da escala semi-quantitativa ICRS 1 (“International Cartilage Repair Society”). O Grupo 1 (Células-Tronco) demonstrou superioridade em relação ao Grupo 2 principalmente nos parâmetros: Superfície articular, matriz extracelular e distribuição celular. / The articular cartilage has limited repair capacity, leading to an increased risk for degenerative changes, potentially irreversible. Several treatments, surgical or not, are described, however osteoarthritis remains a major challenge for the veterinarian. In this context, research involving mesenchymal stem cells stands out. The aim of this study was to compare cartilage regeneration of the hip in rabbits, with and without the transplantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells. Radiographic and histopathological evaluation were used. Thirty rabbits were submitted to chemical induction of osteoarthritis with a 2% colagenase in the right hip. They were divided into 2 groups of 15 animals each: Group 1 (intra-articular application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells) and Group 2 (control - intra-articular application of sterile saline solution). Radiographic and histopathological evaluations were performed at 30, 60 and 90 days after application. The mesenchymal stem cells group (Group 1) showed slight improvement of the quality of the repair tissue, according to the semi-quantitative scale criteria ICRS 1 (International Cartilage Repair Society). The Group 1 (Stem Cells) showed superiority in relation to Group 2, specially in the parameters joint surface, extracellular matrix and cellular distribution.

Resumo: No presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a utilização do enxerto alógeno de ligamento patelar (OLO) conservado em glicerina 98% e fixado por meio de parafusos de interferência como substituto do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr) em cães. Observou-se a exeqüibilidade e eficácia desta técnica cirúrgica e o comportamento do enxerto e dos parafusos durante o período de 120 dias, baseandose na capacidade dos exames clínicos, radiográficos e artroscópicos, em detectar o possível início e a progressão de alterações degenerativas secundárias na articulação do joelho. Para tanto foram utilizados oito animais da espécie canina pesando entre 17,2 e 26,4Kg. O enxerto utilizado correspondeu ao segmento composto pelo terço intermédio da patela, ligamento patelar e porção cranial da tuberosidade da tíbia, coletado de cadáveres de cães e conservado em glicerina 98%. Os oito cães foram separados em dois grupos, A e B e cada um contendo quatro animais para avaliação artroscópica ("segunda observação") aos 60 e 120 dias do pós-operatório. Todos os cães foram submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico no joelho direito. Clinicamente, avaliou-se o grau de claudicação, o perímetro muscular da coxa e o movimento de gaveta cranial nos oito cães no pré-operatório e semanalmente, até completarem-se 120 dias. Foi observada diminuição da circunferência da coxa significativa (p<0,05) após o período de dez dias em que os cães permaneceram com a bandagem compressiva, sendo recuperada de forma significativa até 13° semana. As pontuações obtidas na avaliação do movimento de gaveta (extensão e flexão) tornaram-se significativamente diferentes da pré-operatória entre a 5° e 15° semanas (p<0,05). Quatro cães apresentaram ao final do experimento ausência de instabilidade articular como na avaliação pré-operatória e os outros... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of patelar ligament allograft (BLB) conserved in 98% glycerin and fixated with interferemce screws as a substitute of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs (CrCL). It was observed the feasibility and efficiency of this surgical technique and the graft and screws conduct along 120 days, basing on clinical, radiographic and arthroscopic capacity in detect the beginning and progress of secondary degenerative stifle joint changes. For this purpose, eight mongrel dogs weighting from 17,2 e 26,4 Kg were used. The graft consisted of the intermediate third of the pattela, patellar ligament and cranial portion of the tibial crest, harvested from dog cadavers and preserved in 98% glycerin.The eight dogs were randomly allocated in two groups, A and B, each one with four dogs for arthroscopic evaluation ("second-look") at 60 and 120 days postoperative. All the dogs were submitted to the surgical procedure in the right knee. Clinically, lameness degree, thigh girth measurement and cranial-drawer test were evaluated in the eight dogs in preoperative, and weekly, until complete 120 days. A significant decrease in thigh girth (p<0,05) observed after ten days period that the dogs were using compressive bandage was recovered until the 13th week. The cranial-drawer test scores (flexion and extension) became significantly different between the 5th and 15th weeks postoperative (p>0,05). Four dogs presented at the final study period with no articular instability just like the preoperative evaluation, and the other four with just a slight craniocaudal instability. In the lameness evaluation, from the 4th week, all the dogs presented mean score for stands with equal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: João Guilherme Padilha Filho / Coorientador: Julio Carlos Canola / Banca: Cintia Lúcia Maniscalco / Banca: Márcia Rita Fernandes Machado / Banca: Patricia Popak Giordano / Banca: Gisleine Cristina Eimantas / Doutor

The Crioulo horse industry has increased exponentially in the last few years, this scenario, leads horse breeders to neglect individual aspects of the horse s development, interfering, mostly, in the nutritional management, as younger animals are participating in halter shows. These changes in horse management without considering individual aspects of growth, feeding and exercise level predispose these animals to the complex of diseases known as developmental orthopedic diseases. Radiographs were taken of both tarsi of 77 (31 fillies and 46 colts), of nine up to 26 months old Crioulo horses, competing or not in halter events. These young horses were divided in groups by age, with one including nine to 18 months old foals (G1) (34/77) and the other 19 to 26 months old ones (G2) (43/77). According to preparation or not for halter competition, horses were divided into GI (48/77) (average preparation time 4.55 months) and GC (control group, 29/77), respectively. Data were collected on 24 breeding farms or training centers, to determine the prevalence of osteoarticular changes. The results showed that 77.22% (61/77) presented some degree of radiographically visible lesions. The prevalence of lesions in males was 80.44%, 77.42% in females; 77.31% in the GC; 79.17% in the GI; 86.67% in G1 and 76.75% in G2. The mean body weight of the 10 to 12 month old yearlings (G1) was 293.25kg, representing 71.28% of the mature weight and that of the 19 to 26 month old ones (G2) was 360.5kg (87.71% of mature weight), the mean body weight of GC was 288.9kg (70.22% of the mature weight), and that of GI was 341.9kg (83.11% of the mature weight), even with the mean age of both groups being 16.79 and 18.98 months, respectively. A significant relationship was found between the animal s weight gain (p= 0.02; r= 0.26), body condition score (p= 0.03; r= 0.23), neck crest score (p= 0.018; r= 0.27) and wither s height (p= 0.01; r= 0.28) and the degree of the radiographic lesions found in the tarsi. Several factors can be involved in distal tarsal juvenile osteoarthritis; however the most important factor present in Crioulo breeding farms was the horse s overweight. / O comércio do cavalo Crioulo tem crescido de forma exponencial nos últimos anos, este cenário de valorização dos animais desta raça induz os proprietários e criadores a interferirem profundamente no manejo, principalmente nutricional, destes animais, decorrente da participação de potros e animais adultos em exposições e competições morfológicas. A interferência no manejo dos animais não levando em conta os aspectos individuais do desenvolvimento, sem controle exato da alimentação fornecida e do nível de exercício exigido predispõem os animais ao complexo de doenças conhecido como doenças ortopédicas do desenvolvimento. Foram examinados radiograficamente os tarsos de 77 animais (31 fêmeas e 46 machos), com nove até 26 meses de idade, participantes ou não de exposições ou competições morfológicas. Os animais foram divididos em grupos por idade, um incluindo potros de nove a 18 meses (G1) (34/77) e outro com animais de 19 a 26 meses (G2) (43/77), e pelo tempo de preparo para exposição morfológica em grupo controle (GC) (29/77) (sem preparo para exposição) e grupo incentivo (GI) (48/77), com preparo médio de 4,55 meses. Os dados foram coletados em 24 propriedades de criação ou centros de treinamento/preparo, para determinar a prevalência de alterações osteoarticulares. Observou-se que 77,22% (61/77) apresentaram alguma lesão radiograficamente visível. A prevalência de lesões articulares foi de 80,44% nos machos, 77,42% nas fêmeas, 77,31% nos animais do GC, 79,17% dos animais do GI, 86,67% nos animais do G1 e 76,75% nos animais do G2. O peso médio aos 10 a 12 meses de idade foi de 293,25kg, representando 71,28% do peso adulto e dos animais com idade de 19 a 26 meses o peso médio foi de 360,5kg (87,62% do peso adulto), nos animais do GC o peso médio foi de 288,9kg (70,22% do peso adulto) e os animais do GI apresentaram peso médio de 341,9kg (83,11% do peso adulto), mesmo a idade média dos dois últimos grupos tendo sido de 16,79 meses e 18,98 meses respectivamente. Foi constatada relação entre o aumento do peso dos animais (p= 0,02; r= 0,26), do escore corporal (p= 0,03; r= 0,23), do escore de deposição de gordura na crista do pescoço (p= 0,018; r= 0,27) e da altura (p= 0,01; r= 0,28) com as lesões radiográficas no tarso dos potros. Vários fatores podem estar envolvidos na osteoartrite társica distal, entretanto, o fator mais importante presente nas criações de cavalos Crioulos, é o sobrepeso.