A preocupação com a preservação ambiental avança no mundo todo, e a pressão pela busca de alternativas e modos mais limpos de produção cresce em todo o mundo e todos os setores da produção. Um setor com uma parcela cada vez maior de responsabilidade a cerca do meio ambiente é o empresarial. Muitos dos avanços realizados nesse setor na questão ambiental ocorreram e ocorrem devido à pressão e exigências dos seus stakeholders. Com a necessidade de atender às pressões de stakeholders e legislações cada vez mais rigorosas, as empresas e indústrias precisam inovar na busca de soluções para seus desafios ambientais. A indústria química sempre esteve no foco de discussões ambientais, por trabalhar com produtos potencialmente tóxicos, e é um dos setores que mais sofre pressão para implantar inovações ambientais. Essas inovações empresariais vêm em forma de sistemas de gestão ambiental, baseados em propostas como o SGA, ISO 14001, Programa de Atuação Responsável, Produção Mais Limpa e, mais especificamente no caso da indústria química, a Química Verde. As experiências mostram casos de sucesso na implantação de sistemas de gestão ambiental em grandes empresas, porém as pequenas empresas e suas possibilidades são pouco discutidas. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as propostas disponíveis para a elaboração de um sistema de gestão ambiental adequado para o setor de produção de uma pequena empresa do setor químico da Grande Porto Alegre. O estudo de caso envolveu uma pesquisa exploratória com três empresas que já obtiveram sucesso na implantação de sistemas de gestão ambiental, o diagnóstico da empresa do estudo de caso, o levantamento dos processos produtivos lá realizados, a detecção dos principais aspectos ambientais do seu setor produtivo e o mapeamento dos seus stakeholders. A partir da análise das propostas de gestão ambiental elaborou-se uma síntese teórica. Tal síntese subsidiou a elaboração de uma proposta de gestão ambiental específica para a empresa do estudo de caso. Foram levados em consideração sua condição de pequena empresa, a relação com seus stakeholders e seus principais aspectos ambientais. / The concern about environmental preservation increases around the world, and the pressure for searching for alternative and cleaner methods of production grows in the world and in all sectors of production. A sector with a share of increasing responsibility about the environment is the enterprise. Many of the advances made in this sector concerning environmental issues occurred and occur due to the pressure and demands of their stakeholders. In needing to attend to the pressures of stakeholders and increasingly stringent laws, businesses and industries need to innovate and find solutions to their environmental issues. The chemical industry has always been in the focus of environmental discussions, for dealing with potentially toxic products, and is one of the sectors that suffer more pressure to deploy environmental innovations. These business innovations come in the form of environmental management systems, based on proposals such as EMS, ISO 14001, Responsible Care, Cleaner Production, and more specifically in the chemical industry case, Green Chemistry. Experiments show cases of success in the implementation of environmental management systems in large enterprises, but small businesses and their possibilities are not discussed. In that context, this study aimed to examine the available proposals for the preparation of an environmental management system suitable for the production sector of a small chemical company in Grande Porto Alegre. The case study involved an exploratory research with three companies that have successfully deployment an environmental management system, the diagnosis of the case study enterprise, the production processes performed there, the detection of the major environmental aspects of its productive sector and the mapping of its stakeholders. A theoretical synthesis was made from the analysis of the proposals for environmental management. This synthesis subsidized the preparation of an environmental management proposal, specific for the case study company. The company’s relationship with its stakeholders, its main environmental aspects and the fact that it’s a small business, were taken into account.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-29T23:02:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoAngeloGurgelDaRocha_TESE.pdf: 6305095 bytes, checksum: 04ae66ce7ff9aa72c4e0ca1c58ed9d3d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-02T20:07:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoAngeloGurgelDaRocha_TESE.pdf: 6305095 bytes, checksum: 04ae66ce7ff9aa72c4e0ca1c58ed9d3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T20:07:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoAngeloGurgelDaRocha_TESE.pdf: 6305095 bytes, checksum: 04ae66ce7ff9aa72c4e0ca1c58ed9d3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Historicamente, o homem adquiriu de forma emp?rica conhecimentos acerca das aplica??es terap?uticas de elementos extra?dos do ambiente natural no qual se inseria. Tais conhecimentos ao longo do tempo culminaram na forma??o dos sistemas de medicina tradicional. Dentre os seus recursos, o uso de esp?cies vegetais bioativas ? as plantas medicinais - destaca-se pela sua efic?cia e alta aceita??o popular. Apesar de sua import?ncia para a sa?de coletiva, a popula??o ainda tem nas feiras livres a principal fonte para a aquisi??o das esp?cies que utiliza. Nestes espa?os, a comercializa??o de modo geral ocorre na informalidade e em condi??es desfavor?veis ? qualidade dos produtos e ? sustentabilidade financeira do neg?cio. Neste contexto, este estudo objetivou caracterizar os aspectos socioecon?micos, culturais e sanit?rios referentes ? comercializa??o de plantas medicinais em munic?pios de uma regi?o semi?rida do Rio Grande do Norte, al?m de propor legisla??o espec?fica ? atividade. Os dados socioecon?micos foram coletados por meio de entrevistas in loco guiadas por formul?rio estruturado. As observa??es acerca da adequa??o higi?nica e sanit?ria das instala??es f?sicas e pr?ticas empregadas nos pontos de comercializa??o/entorno foram conduzidas e registradas com uso de instrumento avaliativo desenvolvido para a aplica??o em feiras livres. A adequa??o das plantas medicinais ao consumo foi determinada atrav?s de an?lises microbiol?gicas. A atividade era exercida por indiv?duos pertencentes ? faixa et?ria entre 21 e 81 anos de idade, de baixo n?vel escolar e baixa renda, com predomin?ncia de indiv?duos do sexo masculino. Os dados apontaram uma tend?ncia ? extin??o da atividade em todos os munic?pios estudados. Observou-se em todas as feiras livres estudas inadequa??es higi?nicas e sanit?rias que caracterizavam isco sanit?rio muito alto, representando-se desta forma a elevada probabilidade da ocorr?ncia de surtos de Doen?as Transmitidas por Alimentos. Tais condi??es se refletiram nos elevados percentuais de inadequa??o das amostras de plantas medicinais analisadas ao consumo, ilustrando o risco potencial ? sa?de dos consumidores. Visando contribuir com a corre??o das inadequa??es higi?nicas e sanit?rias observadas nas feiras estudadas, foram realizadas a??es educativas voltadas ? capacita??o dos comerciantes em Boas Pr?ticas. De forma complementar, foi elaborada proposta de legisla??o espec?fica para a comercializa??o de produtos da medicina popular em feiras livres. Tais a??es, produtos e seus desdobramentos poder?o contribuir de forma significativa para a melhoria na qualidade dos produtos dispon?veis ? popula??o e para a preserva??o da atividade, potencialmente reduzindo os riscos ? sa?de p?blica. / Historically, man has empirically acquired knowledge about the therapeutic applications of extracted elements of the natural environment in which belonged. Such knowledge over time culminated in the formation of traditional health systems. Among its features, the use of bioactive plant species - medicinal plants - stands out for its efficiency and high popular acceptance. Despite its importance for public health, the population still has in the open-air fairs the main source for the acquisition of the species used. In these spaces, the trade generally occurs informally, under unfavorable conditions to the quality of the products and to the financial sustainability of the business. In this context, this study aimed to characterize the socioeconomic, cultural and sanitary aspects related to the trade of medicinal plants in municipalities of a semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte, and additionally, proposing a specific legislation to the activity. Socioeconomic data were collected through on-site interviews, guided by structured form. The observations about the hygienic and sanitary adequacy of physical facilities and practices employed at the point of sale /environment were conducted and recorded with the use of assessment tool developed for use in open markets. The adequacy of medicinal plants to consumption was determined by microbiological analysis. The activity was carried out by individuals who are aged between 21 and 81 years of age, low educational level and low-income, predominantly males. The data showed a tendency to extinction of the activity in all the districts studied. It was observed in all the fairs studied hygiene and sanitation inadequacies that characterized very high health risk, representing in this way, the high probability of Food Transmitted Diseases outbreaks Such conditions were reflected in the high percentage of inadequacy to the consumption of the analyzed medicinal plants samples, illustrating the potential health risk to consumers. To contribute to the correction of hygiene and sanitation inadequacies observed in the studied open-air fairs, educational interventions were made to the training of traders in Good Practices. As a complement, was drafted a specific legislation for the marketing of folk medicine's products in open-air fairs. Such actions, products and its developments will contribute significantly to improving the quality of products available to the population and the preservation of activity, potentially reducing the risks to public health.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-03T19:44:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaDePaivaBezerra_DISSERT.pdf: 2574807 bytes, checksum: 95fc93a55850e1bf5b4374776c5d883d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-07T20:06:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaDePaivaBezerra_DISSERT.pdf: 2574807 bytes, checksum: 95fc93a55850e1bf5b4374776c5d883d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T20:06:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaDePaivaBezerra_DISSERT.pdf: 2574807 bytes, checksum: 95fc93a55850e1bf5b4374776c5d883d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Os quintais residenciais, exercem pap?is ambientais e sociais no ambiente urbano. Estes espa?os verdes podem minimizar potencialmente os impactos causados pelo crescimento das cidades, por ser uma alternativa para conectar ?reas fragmentadas ou oferecer ref?gios ? vida silvestre e assim apoiar a conserva??o da biodiversidade. Al?m disso, os quintais demonstram um papel destacado no aumento do bem estar humano, devido ?s possibilidades de socializa??o, contato com a natureza, cultura local e melhoria da seguran?a alimentar que estes ambientes permitem ?s fam?lias urbanas e rurais. Apesar disso, ainda n?o est? claro quais caracter?sticas espec?ficas dos quintais podem atuar de maneira efetiva na conserva??o da biodiversidade, bem como na constru??o da seguran?a alimentar e do bem estar dos mantenedores de quintais e de suas fam?lias. O primeiro cap?tulo desta disserta??o analisou a diversidade de esp?cies de plantas (nativas e ex?ticas) e avaliou a contribui??o de diferentes tipos de quintais urbanos (ornamentais e agroflorestais) na presen?a de vida selvagem, como aves, micos e lagartos. J? o segundo cap?tulo avaliou a contribui??o desses mesmos quintais para o bem estar e seguran?a alimentar dos seus propriet?rios. Para isso, 41 quintais foram visitados em Pium, localidade do litoral sul do nordeste do Brasil, uma regi?o periurbana em fase de r?pida expans?o urbana e press?o imobili?ria. Realizou-se um levantamento de toda a biodiversidade planejada, bem como da fauna associada aos quintais. Os dados referentes ? seguran?a alimentar e bem estar foram captados atrav?s de uma entrevista aplicada aos mantenedores dos quintais. Estas entrevistas abordaram quest?es sobre o aporte de alimentos proveniente do quintal e a aus?ncia de insumos qu?micos, al?m de aspectos do indicador FIB (Felicidade Interna Bruta). Os resultados mostraram que estes quintais em geral contribuem pouco para a manuten??o de esp?cies de plantas nativas (nativas locais = 29 esp?cies do total = 187). A partir de suas principais caracter?sticas, os quintais foram classificados em ornamentais, agroflorestais e agroflorestais alimentares, esses grupos apresentaram diferentes efeitos sobre a presen?a dos animais estudados e os dois ?ltimos cont?m a maioria das esp?cies nativas amostradas. A diversidade de plantas e de ?rvores foi um bom preditor para a presen?a de p?ssaros e micos. Assim, a contribui??o dos quintais para a conserva??o da biodiversidade depende do tipo de quintal, alguns inclusive, podem exercer efeitos negativos sobre a conserva??o. Esses resultados podem direcionar 10 novas abordagens para a compreens?o detalhada dos quintais e tamb?m pol?ticas p?blicas aplicadas ao planejamento urbano. Os resultados do segundo cap?tulo demonstraram que os dois tipos de quintais agroflorestais contribu?ram com a seguran?a alimentar das fam?lias, por fornecer alimentos e ervas medicinais, que em sua maioria, n?o possu?am pesticidas e fertilizantes qu?micos. Mas os tr?s grupos de quintais s?o importantes componentes para o bem estar de seus mantenedores, pois al?m de ajudarem na transmiss?o do conhecimento sobre agricultura, favorecem a socializa??o, o contato com a natureza e trazem ? tona sentimentos relacionados ? paz e harmonia. Dessa forma, os quintais agroflorestais podem ser considerados como importantes meios para projetos e pol?ticas p?blicas que visem favorecer a biodiversidade, bem como promover a seguran?a alimentar e o bem estar em ?reas urbanas. / Residential homegardens have environmental and social roles in the urban environment. These green spaces can potentially minimize the impacts caused by the growth of cities, being an alternative to connect fragmented areas or offer refuge to wildlife and therefore support the conservation of biodiversity. In addition, the homegardens demonstrate a leading role in increasing human well-being by promoting socialization opportunities, contact with nature, local culture as well as improvements in food security for the urban families. Nevertheless, it is still unclear what specific characteristics of homegardens can act effectively in the conservation of the biodiversity, as well as in the construction of food security and well being of the homegardeners and their families. The first chapter of this thesis analyzed the diversity of plant species (native and exotic) and assessed the contribution of different types of urban gardens (ornamental and forest gardens alike) in the presence of wildlife such as birds, monkeys and lizards. In the second chapter we evaluated the contribution of those gardens to the welfare and food security of their owners. In order to do this, 41 gardens were visited in Pium, a southern coastal town in the northeastern Brazil, which also happens to be in a periurban region undergoing rapid urban expansion and pressure from the real estate market. We surveyed the planned biodiversity and fauna associated with homegardens. The data related to food security and welfare were sampled through interviews with the person in charge of taking care of the gardens. These interviews covered issues on the supply of food from the garden and absence of chemical products, as well as aspects of the GNH indicator (Gross National Happiness). The results showed that these homegardens generally contribute little to the maintenance of native plant species (native species = 29/ total = 187). From its main features, the gardens were classified as ornamental, forest gardens and forest farms. These groups had a different effect on the presence of the animals studied and the last two contained most of the sampled native species. The diversity of plants and trees was a good predictor of the presence of birds and monkeys. Thus, the contribution of yards for the conservation of biodiversity depends on the type of garden: some even can have negative effects on conservation. These results can direct new approaches to detailed understanding of gardens and also of public policies applied to urban planning. The results of the second chapter showed that the two types of forest gardens contributed to household food security, for providing food and medicinal herbs, which mostly did not have pesticides and chemical 12 fertilizers. But the three groups of gardens are important components for the well being of their stakeholders. Gardens help promote the transmission of knowledge on agriculture, socialization, contact with nature and bring up feelings related to peace and harmony. Thus, forest gardens can be considered important means to get through public projects and policies designed to encourage biodiversity and promote food security and well-being in urban areas

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T22:28:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DacifranCavalcantiCarvalho_DISSERT.pdf: 1351801 bytes, checksum: 32d4ef33234a3425bc728003e4d53e8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-17T00:41:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DacifranCavalcantiCarvalho_DISSERT.pdf: 1351801 bytes, checksum: 32d4ef33234a3425bc728003e4d53e8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T00:41:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DacifranCavalcantiCarvalho_DISSERT.pdf: 1351801 bytes, checksum: 32d4ef33234a3425bc728003e4d53e8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-18 / Intensas mudan?as socioecon?micas, ocorridas no final da d?cada de 1970, decorrentes do processo de internacionaliza??o da economia, impulsionaram a produ??o e o consumo de equipamentos eletr?nicos em todo o mundo. Como resultado, houve um incremento na demanda por recursos naturais para sua fabrica??o, e uma maior quantidade e diversidade de res?duos sendo gerados e depositados de forma inadequada sobre o planeta Terra, acarretando a degrada??o do meio ambiente. Esse contexto imp?e um novo desafio ?s Institui??es Educacionais de Ensino Superior (IFES): gerir e gerenciar de modo ambientalmente sustent?vel os seus Res?duos de Equipamentos Eletr?nicos (REEs). Nessa perspectiva este trabalho aborda o tema em dois cap?tulos. O primeiro traz, por meio de pesquisa explorat?ria bibliogr?fica qualitativa com base em livros, artigos, disserta??es e legisla??o a an?lise comparativa da intera??o entre a Agenda Ambiental na Administra??o P?blica e a Pol?tica Nacional de Res?duos S?lidos, e suas Contribui??es para Pr?ticas Sustent?veis na Administra??o P?blica. O estudo fornece, assim, evid?ncias da intera??o e contribui??o de ambos os marcos para a pr?tica de a??es sustent?veis na gest?o e no gerenciamento dos res?duos s?lidos, contemplando a dimens?o social, econ?mica e ambiental, demonstrando que o longo caminho a se percorrer em prol da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento n?o desqualifica as contribui??es desses instrumentos ?s institui??es que a eles aderirem. No cap?tulo seguinte este trabalho aborda a Gest?o e o Gerenciamento de Res?duos de Equipamentos Eletr?nicos no ?mbito do Campus Central da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) a fim de analisar o atual sistema de gest?o e gerenciamento dos REEs gerados. Para a observa??o pretendida, a investiga??o fez uso de estudo de caso e de pesquisa explorat?ria qualitativa e quantitativa. Trata de um contexto local cuja dimens?o tem abrang?ncia global, uma vez que a degrada??o ambiental decorrente do consumo exacerbado de equipamentos eletr?nicos e da destina??o inadequada dos REEs representa um fen?meno que afeta significativamente, de modo negativo, a qualidade do ecossistema, a seguran?a e a sa?de dos habitantes da Terra. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que as condi??es de armazenamento dos REEs, bem como o processo de coleta nas unidades amostrais s?o inadequados; e, ainda, h? car?ncia de um centro de triagem e recupera??o de REEs, de pessoal capacitado e de ferramentas adequadas para a efic?cia desse processo; e detectam defici?ncia na pol?tica de incentivo aos processos de redu??o, reutiliza??o e reciclagem preconizada pela A3P e PNRS. Dessa forma, sugere medidas j? aplicadas em caso semelhante em outra Institui??o P?blica a fim de mitigar os problemas decorrentes da gest?o e do gerenciamento inadequados dos REEs. / The intense socioeconomic changes that occurred in the late 1970s, arising from the process of internationalization of the economy, boosted the production and consumption of electronic equipments all over the world. As a result, there was an increase in demand for natural resources for their manufacturing, and a greater quantity and variety of wastes were being generated and deposited inappropriately on Earth, leading to the degradation of the environment. This context imposes a new challenge to the Educational Institutions of Higher Education (EIHE)1: manage and administrate in an environmentally sustainable manner their Electronic Equipment Waste (EEW)2. This study approaches the theme through the perspective of an analysis of the interaction between the Environmental Agenda in Public Administration and the Solid Waste National Policy and their contributions to sustainable practices, having as reference the Central Campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), considering their management and administration system of the EEW generated there. The study provides the evidences of the interaction and contribution of both those milestones for the practice of sustainable actions in management and administration of solid wastes, including the social, economical and environmental dimension, demonstrating that the long way to go in support of the sustainable development does not disqualify the contributions of these instruments to the institutions that start to use them. Methodologically, the investigation was guided by a bibliographical, documentary and field research. To the intended observation, we have done the research using case study and qualitative and quantitative exploratory research. It is a local context which has a global dimension, because the environmental degradation resulting from excessive consumption of electronic equipments and inadequate disposal of the EEW represents a phenomenon that affects significantly and negatively the quality of the ecosystem, the safety and the health of the inhabitants of the Earth. The research results indicate that the storage conditions of the EEW, as well as the process of collecting the sample units is inadequate; there is no requirement of showing the Certification of Environmental Sustainable Final Disposal of the EEW by the participants in the battling bidding, both in the public notice, by the Permanent Commission of Bidding, as in the time of gathering the EEW, by the Department of Material and Patrimony; and that there is the lack of a center for sorting and recovery of such waste, competent staff and adequate tools for the effectiveness of this process. These results also detect lacks in the politics, advocated by A3P and PNRS, to encourage the processes of reduction, reuse and recycling. So, it suggests measures that have already been applied in a similar case at another Public Institution in order to mitigate the problems arising from the inadequate management and administration of the EEW.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T22:28:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MikaelleKalineBezerraDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2541653 bytes, checksum: 876e01a9cfee3a08a3a326bf68a54fef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-17T19:36:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MikaelleKalineBezerraDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2541653 bytes, checksum: 876e01a9cfee3a08a3a326bf68a54fef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T19:36:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MikaelleKalineBezerraDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2541653 bytes, checksum: 876e01a9cfee3a08a3a326bf68a54fef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A partilha de alimentos ? uma pr?tica comum em pequenos agrupamentos principalmente entre parentes, comportamento evolutivo humano, abordado na ecologia humana como um redutor dos riscos a seguran?a alimentar. Dessa forma o estudo objetivou explicar o comportamento de partilha de alimentos entre fam?lias que vivem em uma vila de pescadores pertencente a Touros, RN, com alta depend?ncia dos recursos pesqueiros para economia, e nutri??o familiar, e que t?m as flutua??o ambientais como um redutor da capacidade de pesca. Para testar o comportamento de partilha de alimentos entre essas fam?lias foram testados modelos evolutivos de partilha como: sele??o de parentesco, altru?smo rec?proco, roubo tolerado e dist?ncia, para explicar as estrat?gias utilizadas pelas fam?lias da vila para reduzir os riscos nutricionais causados pelo decl?nio do sucesso de captura. Foram inseridas ao longo do estudo 32 fam?lia divididas em 2 grupos com 16 fam?lias cada: um dependente exclusivamente (DE) e outro n?o dependente exclusivamente (NDE) da pesca como atividade econ?mica. Atrav?s de um recordat?rio de 24 foras , durante 7 dias consecutivos ao m?s, durante 12 meses consecutivos entre setembro de 2011 ? agosto de 2012, fazendo um registro temporal de toda dieta, partilha e produ??o pesqueira das fam?lias. A dieta das fam?lias apresentou-se sob influ?ncia do comercio j? inserido na vila, aumentando o consumo de alimentos industrializados de baixa qualidade . Na partilha a entrada e sa?da de alimentos que subsidiam a car?ncia proteica principalmente em per?odos de declino pesqueiro no n?cleo familiar foi elevado.Dentre os modelos testados a exist?ncia do altru?smo rec?proco entre as fam?lias ? melhor respondeu as necessidades nutricionais das fam?lias, e a dist?ncia entre fam?lias influenciou mais que a rela??o de parentesco na escolha de parceiros para a partilha. / Food sharing is a common practice in small groups and it is understood by many authors as a behavior shaped by evolution, whose goals would be to decrease the risks of food shortage in harsher periods, to favor kin, and indirectly, favor one?s own individual fitness, to avoid conflicts, and even to establish alliances and partnerships. In this context, the current study describes the diet and investigates the food sharing behavior among families from an artisanal, but commercial, fishing village in the municipality of Touros, Rio Grande do Norte State (NE Brazil) with a high dependency on fishing resources affected by seasonal environmental fluctuations. The study was divided in two parts, here presented as two distinct chapters. For the first chapter, 32 families were sampled, after being divided in two groups of 16 families each: one exclusively dependent (FD) and another non-exclusively dependent on fisheries (NFD) as its main economic activity. The diet of these families was registered through the 24h- recall method along 10 consecutive days per month both in January (locally considered the most productive month for fisheries) and in June (considered the least productive month for fisheries). The diet and food sharing of the FD families were compared to the NFD for the high and low fisheries productivity period. This comparison showed that both groups, regardless of their dependence level on fisheries, have their diet and food sharing directly affected by the fisheries success. However, FD families tended to share slightly more food in periods of high productivity and they were also more subjected to a lower quality diet in periods of food shortage than NFD families. One of the likely explanations for such differences is the fact that FD families are more subjected to environmental unpredictability and sharing would help decrease such uncertainty. Such higher unpredictability associated to a consequent lower income would also explain the ingestion of lower nutritional quality food during shortage periods. For the second chapter, only the FD families were sampled, although in this case the sample took place along seven consecutive days per month during 12 months, between September 2011 and August 2012 (the three extra sampling days in January and June were not considered in this chapter), which allo wed the register of diet, food sharing and fisheries along the whole year. To investigate the food sharing behavior of these families, some evolutionary models were tested, such as kinship selection, reciprocal altruism, and tolerated theft (or tolerated scrounge), besides physical aspects that could indirectly support some of these models, such as geographical distance. These models were used with the intent of explaining the strategies used by these families in order to decrease the nutritional risks brought about by fisheries seasonal fluctuations. The results showed that FD families shared food mostly due to reciprocal altruism, and, secondarily due to the distance between households. Families tended to share more and more often with families that paid their favor back, but especially with those that were living geographically close. Despite the commercial insertion of this group, basal mechanisms, such as reciprocal altruism, still work, probably because the essential conditions for its continuation are still there, such as living in small groups and having repetitive interactions between cooperative pairs. This suggests that commerce, with all of its likely associated socioeconomic changes, is not necessarily a disruptor of evolutionary cooperation mechanisms (at least for reciprocal altruism), probably as long as other conditions, such as group size and constant interactions, are kept. As such, this study not only details how the diet and food sharing of coastal families are affected directly and indirectly by fisheries, but it also helps understand cooperation maintenance mechanisms regarding food sharing.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-11T23:01:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ErmetonDuarteDoNascimento_TESE.pdf: 7719427 bytes, checksum: b84ff037c2d66bf7a8b825c76b7b9db3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-18T00:19:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ErmetonDuarteDoNascimento_TESE.pdf: 7719427 bytes, checksum: b84ff037c2d66bf7a8b825c76b7b9db3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T00:19:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ErmetonDuarteDoNascimento_TESE.pdf: 7719427 bytes, checksum: b84ff037c2d66bf7a8b825c76b7b9db3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A resist?ncia aos antimicrobianos se transformou num s?rio problema de sa?de p?blica mundial e v?rios ambientes aqu?ticos se apresentam contaminados por esses microrganismos. Entretanto, n?o h? dados sobre esse fen?meno para o semi?rido brasileiro. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo o isolamento e a identifica??o das bact?rias de import?ncia m?dica contaminantes de ambientes qu?ticos no semi?rido potiguar, a caracteriza??o da resist?ncia antimicrobiana, e a formula??o de propostas para educa??o em sa?de e a??es para vigil?ncia ambiental em sa?de. Com este prop?sito foram coletadas amostras de ?gua de quatro reservat?rios do semi?rido potiguar durante os per?odos seco e chuvoso. As amostras foram processadas e os microrganismos foram isolados e identificados seguindo orienta??es de bibliografias especializadas. Em seguida foram realizados os testes de sensibilidade antimicrobiana em disco difus?o, calculado o ?ndice de m?ltipla resist?ncia antibi?tica (MAR) e classificados os organismos com multipla resist?ncia ?s drogas (MDR). Tamb?m foram propostas a??es para preven??o e educa??o em sa?de, bem como para vigil?ncia ambiental em sa?de. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada, na Universidade de Minnesota, nos Estados Unidos, a influ?ncia da concentra??o do f?sforo em meio l?quido (caldo nutriente, C:P 100:1, 1000:1 e 100.000:1) sobre a expres?o fenot?pica da resist?ncia ? tetraciclina, ao cloranfenicol e a eritromicina, de 41 cepas bacterianas dos Estados Unidos utilizando a t?cnica da Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima (CIM) e da Concentra??o Bactericida M?nima (CBM). Ao todo foram isoladas 168 bact?rias, 56% no per?odo chuvoso, com 97,6% pertecentes ao grupo das Gram-negativas, com a Fam?lia Enterobacteriaceae apresentando a maior preval?ncia entre esse grupo (73,2%). 95,3% das bact?rias resistentes aos antimicrobianos foram isoladas durante o per?odo seco e o ?ndice MAR foi maior no reservat?rio Passagem das Tra?ras, com 56% de chance para que as bact?rias encontradas na ?gua desse reservat?rio procedam de uma fonte de contamina??o com maior risco para a sa?de humana. N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica da ocorr?ncia de g?neros e esp?cies bacterianos entre os per?odos seco e chuvoso e nem entre os reservat?rios, com p=0,255. Tamb?m n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica do ?ndice MAR entre os per?odos e os reservat?rios, com p=0,224. Quando avaliada a CIM, o meio com C:P de 100.000:1, considerado com a menor concentra??o de f?sforo, parece aumentar a sensibilidade das bact?rias ao cloranfenicol e a eritromicina quando comparado aos resultados do caldo nutriente para os mesmos antimicrobianos, com um p=0,023. Nas escolas que atendem as comunidades ribeirinhas usu?rias da ?gua dos reservat?rios, s?o propostas a??es de educa??o em sa?de que visem o levantamento de concep??es sobre o conhecimento do uso dos antimicrobianos e do surgimento da resist?ncia bacteriana a essas drogas, bem como o desenvolvimento de material para educa??o em sa?de. E no n?cleo de Vigil?ncia Ambiental em Sa?de da SESAP, s?o propostas a inclus?o das bact?rias resistentes aos antimicrobianos isoladas de ambientes aqu?ticos como indicadores de risco para a sa?de p?blica, a formula??o de pol?ticas p?blicas visando o controle das atividades que contaminam esses recursos com esses organismos e tamb?m o monitoramento peri?dico da ?gua dos diversos ambientes aqu?ticos. / Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials became a serious public health problem around the world, and different aquatic environments are contaminated with these organisms. However, there is no data about this phenomenon in the Brazilian semiarid region. Therefore, this study had as main the isolation and identification of contaminant harmful bacteria of potiguar semiarid aquatic environments, characterization of antimicrobial resistance, development of proposals in health education and actions for environmental health surveillance. With this purpose were collected water samples from four potiguar semiarid reservoirs during dry and rainy season. Those samples were analyzed and microorganisms were isolated and identified following specialized literature orientation. Then antimicrobials susceptibility disk diffusion test were performed, Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index was calculated, and Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) classification was used. Also were proposed actions for health prevention and education. In addiction, was evaluated, in Minnesota University/United States of America, the influence of phosphorus concentration in broth medium (Nutrient broth, 100:1, 1000:1 and 100.000:1 C:P ratio) over phenotypic resistance expression to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and erythromycin in 41 American aquatic bacterial strains by using Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) techniques. Altogether were isolated 168 bacteria from the Brazilian semiarid reservoirs, 56% in rainy season, with 97,6% from Gram-negative group, and 73,2% from Enterobacteriaceae Family. Ninety five point three percent of antimicrobial resistant bacteria were isolated during dry season and MAR index was higher for Passagem das Tra?ras reservoir, with 56% of chance that bacteria found in that reservoir has proceeded from high risk source of contamination for human health. There were no statistical differences of bacterial genera and species occurrence between dry and rainy season nor between reservoirs, with p=0,255. Also, there were no statistical differences in MAR index between seasons nor between reservoirs, with p=0,244. When MIC was evaluated, the 100.000:1 C:P ratio medium, considered the one with lower concentration of phosphorus, seemed to increase bacterial susceptibility to chloramphenicol and erythromycin when comparing to nutrient broth results for the same antimicrobials, with p=0,023. At schools that serve riverine communities water reservoirs user were proposed activities for health education aiming describe conceptions about antimicrobial use knowledge and the emergency of bacterial resistance to those drugs, as well as the development of materials for health education. At SESAP Environmental Health Surveillance group were proposed inclusion of antimicrobial resistant bacteria isolated in aquatic environments as indicator of risk for public health, as well as formulation of public policies to control activities that contaminate these sources with those organisms, and also the water periodic monitoring of several aquatic environments.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-20T23:46:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloGomesDeLira_DISSERT.pdf: 3968047 bytes, checksum: 2bf3be429b4d8efe2bcb03004e8047ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-02T22:34:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloGomesDeLira_DISSERT.pdf: 3968047 bytes, checksum: 2bf3be429b4d8efe2bcb03004e8047ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-02T22:34:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloGomesDeLira_DISSERT.pdf: 3968047 bytes, checksum: 2bf3be429b4d8efe2bcb03004e8047ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-27 / A pesca oce?nica gera alimento, emprego e renda e se mostra importante em fun??o da proximidade do Brasil das rotas migrat?rias dos atuns e afins. Desta forma, estudos que relacionem a distribui??o da abund?ncia e estrutura populacional dos recursos pesqueiros com as vari?veis ambientais e como essas rela??es influenciam na distribui??o espa?o-temporal, assim como um melhor entendimento da din?mica e composi??o das capturas da frota que opera com espinhel no Atl?ntico, s?o essenciais para o estabelecimento de medidas que visem ? explora??o sustent?vel desses recursos. Foram analisados os dados de desembarques da frota sediada no Rio Grande do Norte (RN), principal exportador brasileiro de atuns e afins, durante o per?odo de 2006 a 2016. Cerca de 80% das capturas em peso foram de Thunnus albacares, Thunnus obesus, Xiphias gladius e Prionace glauca. A remunera??o da tripula??o, combust?vel, isca e material de pesca representaram 65% dos custos de produ??o. O RN exportou aproximadamente 77% de T. albacares fresco e 26% congelado, 92% de T. obesus fresco e 90% congelado e 55% de X. gladius fresco e 95% congelados. Ainda foi analisada a distribui??o espa?o temporal de T. albacares, uma das principais esp?cies capturadas pela frota espinheleira do RN, e suas rela??es com as caracter?sticas oceanogr?ficas das ?guas do Oceano Atl?ntico. Para este estudo foram utilizados dados de captura da frota espinheleira sediada no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (Nordeste do Brasil), bem como dados de temperatura da superf?cie do mar (TSM), de clorofila-a (Chl-a), da ?rea compreendida entre 42,2? e 24,8? W e 5,9? S e 8,8? N, al?m de dados relativos ao ciclo lunar para o per?odo estudado. A metodologia empregada para modelar o efeito das vari?veis sobre a captura por unidade de esfor?o (CPUE) e o comprimento dos indiv?duos capturados foi o m?todo Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLM). Ao total foram analisados 10.350 exemplares, que corresponderam a 482,95 t, capturados entre dezembro de 2007 e agosto de 2015. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a distribui??o, abund?ncia e a estrutura de comprimento de T. albacares est?o fortemente relacionadas com vari?veis ambientais (fases da lua, TSM e Chl-a), temporais (trimestre e ano) e espaciais (latitude e longitude) e que a baixa propor??o de adultos nas capturas totais de T. albacares, indica a necessidade de ado??o de medidas de administra??o pesqueira, visando ? conserva??o deste estoque.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-09T23:07:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IaponiraSalesDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 7423751 bytes, checksum: d1f0076be8615e4ab0d4436b4bd0fb6a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-14T00:22:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IaponiraSalesDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 7423751 bytes, checksum: d1f0076be8615e4ab0d4436b4bd0fb6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T00:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IaponiraSalesDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 7423751 bytes, checksum: d1f0076be8615e4ab0d4436b4bd0fb6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / Historicamente, a agricultura praticada na regi?o semi?rida do nordeste brasileiro ? n?made, itinerante ou migrat?ria; os agricultores desmatam, queimam, fertilizam o solo, plantam por um curto per?odo e migram para outras ?reas, onde repetem a mesma pr?tica, al?m de utilizarem uma quantidade significativa de agroqu?micos para o combate de pragas. Esta atividade tem provocado perda significativa de qualidade de vida e da biodiversidade local. No contexto da biodiversidade, destacam-se os Anf?bios Anuros, que compreendem os sapos, r?s, pererecas e jias, s?o relevantes nas cadeias e teias ecol?gicas, especialmente por serem bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental e biocontroladores de popula??es de insetos, estabelecendo um controle natural de pragas em ?reas agr?colas. Apesar de suas import?ncias, nas duas ?ltimas d?cadas t?m ocorrido decl?nio e desaparecimento de algumas esp?cies de Anuros no Brasil e em todo o mundo, por seres sens?veis; uma vez que s?o sens?veis a mudan?as ambientais. A redu??o de esp?cies pode ser decorrente de a??es antr?picas relacionadas ? devasta??o de ?reas naturais para utiliza??o agr?cola, garimpos ou pastagens. Nesse contexto, inexistem estudos que abordem as intera??es e reconhecimento de comunidades agr?colas e os anf?bios anuros, em especial em regi?o semi?rida do nordeste brasileiro, a exemplo daquelas sob influ?ncia da Bacia Hidrogr?fica do Rio S?o Francisco, onde comunidades vivem da agricultura e pecu?ria como principais atividades econ?micas, utilizando a ?gua daquele rio para irriga??o. A regi?o de Itaparica e respectivos sistemas agr?colas constituem parte de um projeto de pesquisa amplo e binacional, Brasil ? Alemanha (INNOVATE Project), o qual tem por objetivo geral identificar os m?ltiplos usos da ?gua do reservat?rio e analisar as inova??es referentes ao manejo dos recursos aqu?ticos e terrestres, e de cujo subprojeto, SP-4 - Biodiversidade e Servi?os do Ecossistema, esta tese ? decorrente. Neste cen?rio e contexto, o objetivo geral desta tese foi registrar, descrever e analisar qualitativamente o conhecimento de comunidades locais sobre as esp?cies de anf?bios anuros e sua biologia, visando o reconhecimento destes como biocontroladores de insetos pragas nos sistemas agr?colas, em substitui??o aos agroqu?micos, a fim de promover a conserva??o dos anuros e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos agricultores locais, em prol da sustentabilidade. As comunidades estudadas, Petrol?ndia e Itacuruba, est?o situadas ?s margens do m?dio Rio S?o Francisco, Estado de Pernambuco, onde o trabalho de campo foi efetuado durante quatro excurs?es, duas a cada um dos munic?pios estudados, entre os meses de novembro/2012 a abril/2013. Foram entrevistados 369 agricultores, com idades entre 18 e 65 anos, todos do sexo masculino, sobre as pr?ticas agr?colas e biologia das esp?cies de anf?bios anuros. Para a identifica??o das esp?cies de anf?bios anuros, foram inicialmente realizados est?mulos visuais, com o aux?lio de fotografias de esp?cies comuns em ?reas de caatinga. Este m?todo serviu para nortear os entrevistados contextualmente, assegurando que as entrevistas fossem direcionadas ao mesmo objeto (esp?cies de anf?bios anuros), a fim de coletar dados etnobiol?gicos precisos. Posteriormente, as esp?cies de anf?bios anuros mais citadas nas entrevistas foram coletadas atrav?s de busca ativa ao longo das ?reas agr?colas e Caatinga circunvizinha (parte dos dados secund?rios do Innovate Project). Para caracterizar os locais de reprodu??o e desenvolvimento dos anf?bios anuros nas ?reas agr?colas, foram elaborados mapas orais, obtidos a partir de turn?s guiadas com os agricultores que citaram a exist?ncia de s?tios reprodutivos em suas ?reas de cultivo, os quais foram georreferenciados. Os agricultores reconheceram e nomearam oito etnoesp?cies, que correspondem a 13 esp?cies de anf?bios anuros, bem como seus principais locais de reprodu??o e desenvolvimento. A partir destas informa??es, foram elaborados dois mapas georreferenciados, relacionados principalmente aos locais de reprodu??o, os quais demonstram 13 s?tios de reprodu??o em Itacuruba e seis em Petrol?ndia/PE. As respostas dos agricultores tamb?m possibilitaram identificar os valores atribu?dos aos anf?bios nas ?reas agr?colas, por meio do conhecimento acerca dos seus h?bitos alimentares, ao citarem que os anf?bios comem principalmente insetos (65% dos agricultores de Petrol?ndia, n=238; 58% em Itacuruba, n=131), demonstrando conhecimento acerca da participa??o destes animais no equil?brio ambiental e poss?vel controle de pragas agr?colas. N?o se constataram diferen?as de concep??o local, quanto ? import?ncia dos anf?bios no controle de pragas, entre sistemas irrigados e n?o irrigados. Os agricultores de Petrol?ndia (83%, n=238) e de Itacuruba (78%, n=131) relataram ter identificado, por observa??es in loco, que os anf?bios se alimentam de pragas agr?colas locais, possibilitando inferir que s?o biocontroladores dessas pragas. Tamb?m foram bastante enf?ticos ao afirmarem que os anf?bios devem ser preservados (78%, n=238 em Petrol?ndia; 73%, n=131 em Itacuruba), principalmente por se alimentarem de insetos pragas, e por n?o constituir amea?a ?s comunidades agr?colas. Estas respostas possibilitaram a elabora??o de uma cartilha ilustrada, em literatura de Cordel, a qual ser? distribu?da e divulgada em escolas, cooperativas agr?colas e associa??es comunit?rias dos munic?pios estudados, como instrumento de populariza??o da Ci?ncia sobre a import?ncia dos anf?bios no biocontrole de pragas agr?colas, em substitui??o ao uso de Agroqu?micos. Entretanto, apesar de os agricultores locais destacarem a import?ncia dos anf?bios e de sua preserva??o para controle de insetos pragas, ainda n?o os aceitam como aliados no controle natural de pragas em substitui??o aos agroqu?micos. A populariza??o da Ci?ncia por meio do Cordel Ilustrado ? o primeiro passo em prol da sustentabilidade por meio de alternativas vi?veis e pr?ticas agr?colas sustent?veis, que visem ? conserva??o das esp?cies e das atividades locais. / Historically, agriculture in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil is nomadic, traveling or migration ; farmers deforestation, burn, fertilize the soil, plant for a short period and migrate to other areas where repeat the same practice , and use significant amounts of pesticides for combating pests. This activity has caused significant loss of quality of life and local biodiversity. In the context of biodiversity, Amphibian Anura stand out, which include frogs, toads and jewelry, are relevant in chains and ecological webs, especially because they are bio-indicators of environmental quality and biocontrol of insect populations, establishing a natural control pests in agricultural areas. Despite their importance in the last two decades there has been decline and disappearance of some species of Anura in Brazil and around the world; since they are sensitive to environmental changes, reducing species may be due to human activities related to the devastation of natural areas for use of agricultural land, mining or pasture. In this context, there are no studies that address on the interactions and recognition of agricultural communities and amphibians, especially in semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, like those under the influence of River Basin San Francisco, where communities living from agriculture and livestock as main economic activities using the water of this river for irrigation. Itaparica region and their agricultural systems are part of a broad research project and binational, Brazil - Germany (INNOVATE Project), which has the objective to identify the multiple reservoir water uses and analyze innovations for the management of resources water and land, and whose subproject, SP-4 - Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, this thesis is integral. In this scenario and context, the general objective of this thesis was to record, describe and qualitatively analyze the knowledge of local communities on the species of amphibians and their biology, aimed at recognizing these as insect biocontrol pests in agricultural systems in place to agrochemicals, to promote the conservation of frogs and improve the quality of life of local farmers for sustainability. The communities studied, Petrol?ndia and Itacuruba, are situated to the average margins S?o Francisco River, State of Pernambuco, where the fieldwork was carried out for four trips, two to each of the cities studied, between the months from November / 2012 to April / 2013. A total of 369 male farmers were interviewed, whose ages ranged from 18 to 65 years old.They were asked about agricultural practices and biology of species of amphibians. For the identification of the species, they were initially made visual stimuli, with the help of photographs of common species in areas of caatinga. This method served to guide respondents contextually, ensuring that the interviews were directed to the same object (anurans) in order to collect accurate data ethnobiological. Later, the species of amphibians most mentioned in the interviews were collected by active search throughout the agricultural areas and Caatinga surrounding (part of secondary data from Project Innovate). To characterize the breeding sites and development of anurans in agricultural areas were prepared oral maps obtained from conducted tours to farmers who cited the existence of breeding sites in their areas of cultivation, which were georeferenced. Local farmers recognized and named eight ethnospecies, which correspond to 13 species of amphibians, as well as major sites of reproduction and development. From this information, we were prepared two georeferenced maps, mainly related to breeding sites, which show 13 breeding sites in Itacuruba six in Petrol?ndia / PE. The responses of farmers also possible to identify the values assigned to amphibians in the agricultural areas, through knowledge about their eating habits, to cite that amphibians eat mostly insects (65% of farmers Petrol?ndia, n = 238; 58% in Itacuruba, n = 131), demonstrating knowledge of the participation of these animals in the environmental balance and can control agricultural pests. Not found-site design differences, the importance of amphibians in pest control, between irrigated and non-irrigated systems. Farmers Petrol?ndia (83%, n = 238) and Itacuruba (78%, n = 131) reported having identified by observations on the spot that amphibians feed on local agricultural pests, making it possible to infer that are biocontrol of these pests. They were also quite emphatic in stating that amphibians should be preserved (78%, n = 238 in Petrol?ndia, 73%, n = 131 in Itacuruba), mainly feed on insect pests, and not pose a threat to agricultural communities. These responses allowed for the creation of an illustrated booklet in Cordel literature, which will be distributed and disseminated in schools, agricultural cooperatives and community associations of municipalities studied, such as the Science popularization instrument on the importance of amphibians in biocontrol of agricultural pests, replacing the use of agrochemicals. However, although local farmers stress the importance of Amphibian and its preservation to control insect pests, they do not accept them as allies in natural pest control to replace agrochemicals. The popularization of science through the Cordel Illustrated is the first step towards sustainability by sustainable agricultural and viable alternatives practices aimed at the conservation of species and local activities.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-09T23:07:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeLuisDeOliveiraPintoFilho_TESE.pdf: 8152297 bytes, checksum: 669cfdc30d92d542a303ce3d3de6f61c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-14T00:36:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeLuisDeOliveiraPintoFilho_TESE.pdf: 8152297 bytes, checksum: 669cfdc30d92d542a303ce3d3de6f61c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T00:36:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeLuisDeOliveiraPintoFilho_TESE.pdf: 8152297 bytes, checksum: 669cfdc30d92d542a303ce3d3de6f61c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / A Bacia Hidrogr?fica do rio Apodi-Mossor? ? BHRAM, localiza-se na Regi?o Oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte ? RN, onde seu baixo curso contempla uma consider?vel interven??o antr?pica, relacionada com a explora??o de petr?leo e g?s, minera??o de areia, explora??o de calc?rio, atividade salineira, com?rcio e servi?os, urbaniza??o, tr?fego de ve?culos, transporte de cargas, constru??o civil, turismo, fruticultura irrigada, carcinicultura, pesca, pecu?ria e gera??o de energia e?lica. A partir dessa press?o antr?pica esta tese buscou comparar os indicadores socioecon?micos e ambientais dos munic?pios do baixo curso dessa bacia, bem como avaliar as condi??es socioecon?micos e ambientais da ?rea do Campo Petrol?fero Canto do Amaro ? CPCA/RN. Como procedimentos metodol?gicos adotaram-se: aplica??o do gr?fico de radar para mensurar os indicadores socioecon?micos e ambientais dos munic?pios do baixo curso da BHRAM/RN; percep??o ambiental das condi??es socioecon?micas e ambientais das comunidades rurais da ?rea do CPCA/RN; monitoramento dos teores de metais pesados em diversos ambientes na ?rea; avalia??o do sistema de abastecimento de ?gua para consumo humano na regi?o investigada; identifica??o dos impactos ambientais no CPCA/RN atrav?s do sistema Press?o-Estado-Impacto-Resposta e; proposi??o de a??es de gest?o ambiental para atenuar a problem?tica pesquisada. Constatou-se que no baixo curso da bacia existe uma concentra??o dos melhores ?ndices na dimens?o econ?mica, enquanto a dimens?o ambiental encontra-se em uma situa??o intermedi?ria e, a dimens?o social ainda possui valores inferiores. Evidenciou-se que na ?rea do CPCA/RN a popula??o local tem restri??es socioecon?micas e vive em comunidades rurais com defici?ncias nos componentes de saneamento ambiental. Determinou-se que os ambientes relacionados com a ind?stria do petr?leo foram os que comportaram-se com maiores n?veis m?dios dos metais pesados: Cu, Cr, Fe (em po?os ativos), Ni (po?os ativos) e, Pb (res?duos s?lidos). Entretanto, tr?s outros tipos de usos dos solos apresentaram maiores valores dos metais pesados: Cd (?reas naturais), Mn (rio do Carmo) e Zn (Carcinicultura); entrentanto, esses n?veis s?o relativamente baixos quando comparados aos obtidos em solos de interfer?ncia de tr?fego de ve?culos, atividade petroqu?mica e aos valores de refer?ncia de qualidade. Verificou-se fragilidades no abastecimento de ?gua para consumo humano nos aspectos de quantidade de ?gua e qualidade de ?gua, com valores abaixo do permitido para Oxig?nio Dissolvido e com presen?a de ?leo e graxas. Observou-se que o CPCA/RN oportuniza a gera??o de emprego, renda, royalties, energia, combust?vel e proje??o da regi?o no cen?rio nacional. Entretanto, essa cadeia produtiva representa grandes riscos e vulnerabilidades socioambientais atrav?s dos seguintes aspectos e impactos: gera??o de emiss?es atmosf?ricas, gera??o de res?duos semiss?lidos (lama e cascalho), gera??o de res?duos s?lidos, gera??o de efluentes l?quidos, gera??o de ru?dos, polui??o h?drica, polui??o do solo, polui??o sonora, polui??o atmosf?rica, polui??o visual, supress?o vegetal, processos erosivos, interfer?ncia na flora local, interfer?ncia na fauna local, altera??o da estabilidade dos ecossistemas, altera??o da din?mica de uso do solo, riscos ? sa?de dos trabalhadores, press?o nas comunidades locais, interfer?ncias nas atividades tradicionais e, press?o na infraestrutura de servi?os p?blicos. A ?rea do CPCA/RN tem implica??es socioecon?micas e ambientais que comprometem a manuten??o da qualidade do baixo curso da BHRAM/RN, sendo requeridas diretrizes de gest?o ambiental para atenuar a problem?tica. / The Basin Apodi-Mossor? River - BHRAM, located in the Western Region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte - RN, where its low course includes a considerable human intervention, related to oil and gas, sand mining, limestone exploration, sea salt industry, trade and services, urbanization, vehicle traffic, cargo transportation, construction, tourism, irrigated fruit, shrimp farming, fishing, livestock and wind power generation. From this anthropic pressure this thesis aimed to compare the socio-economic and environmental indicators of the municipalities of the lower course of this basin, as well as assessing the socioeconomic and environmental conditions of the Canto do Amaro Oil Field area - CPCA / RN. The following methodological procedures were adopted: radar chart application to measure the socioeconomic and environmental indicators of the municipalities of the lower course of BHRAM / RN; environmental perception of socioeconomic and environmental conditions of rural communities in the area of the CPCA / RN; monitoring of heavy metal content in several environments in the area; evaluation of the water supply for human consumption in the investigated region; identification of environmental impacts in the CPCA / RN through the Pressure-State-Impact-Response system and; proposition of environmental management actions to mitigate the researched problematic. It was found that there is a concentration of the best rates in the economic dimension in the lower course of the basin, while the environmental dimension is in an intermediate situation, with the social dimension still shows lower values. It was demonstrated that the local population in the area of CPCA / RN has socio-economic constraints and lives in rural communities with deficiencies in environmental sanitation components. It was determined that the settings related to the oil industry displayed the higher average levels of heavy metals: Cu, Cr, Fe (in active wells), Ni (active wells), and Pb (solid wastes). Meanwhile, three other types of land uses showed higher values of heavy metals: Cd (natural areas), Mn (Carmo River) and Zn (Shrimp farms); however, these levels are relatively low when compared to those soils with vehicle traffic interference, with petrochemical activity and to the quality benchmarks. It has been found weaknesses in the water supply for human consumption in the aspects of water quantity and water quality with values below the allowed by the legislation for Dissolved Oxygen and with content of oil and greases. It was observed that the CPCA / RN provides an opportunity to generate employment, income, royalties, energy, fuel and projection of the region on the national scene. However, this chain represents great risks and socioenvironmental vulnerabilities through the following aspects and impacts: generation of atmospheric emissions, generation of semi-solid waste (mud and gravel), solid waste generation, the generation of wastewater, noise generation, water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, air pollution, visual pollution, vegetation removal, erosion, interference with local flora, interference with local fauna, changing the stability of ecosystems, changes in land use dynamics, risks to workers' health, pressure on local communities, interference in traditional activities and pressure on public services infrastructure. The area of the CPCA / RN has socioeconomic and environmental implications that affect the maintainance of the quality of the lower course of BHRAM / RN, being required environmental management guidelines to mitigate the problem.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-17T23:51:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueEufrasioDeSantanaJunior_TESE.pdf: 1727341 bytes, checksum: b777576cd5861f79f9fb0ad336165c74 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-21T00:11:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueEufrasioDeSantanaJunior_TESE.pdf: 1727341 bytes, checksum: b777576cd5861f79f9fb0ad336165c74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-21T00:11:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueEufrasioDeSantanaJunior_TESE.pdf: 1727341 bytes, checksum: b777576cd5861f79f9fb0ad336165c74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / O desenvolvimento urbano da sociedade determinou diferentes comportamentos e modos de intera??o do homem para com a natureza ao longo do tempo (MARQUES, 2010). O modo de viver e de ocupar espa?os acompanhou esse desenvolvimento, o qual fez surgir diversos novos conceitos e paradigmas acerca do assunto, tamb?m implicando na ruptura de ideias e s?nteses sobre o homem e sua forma de existir. Nessa perspectiva, a rela??o entre o homem e o meio ambiente sempre se mostrou conflituosa (DUARTE, 2011). Diz-se isso porque, para ocupar os espa?os e desenvolver suas atividades e fun??es sociais, a sociedade necessitou explorar os recursos naturais que o meio oferecia, muitas vezes degradando-o sem reparar suas interfer?ncias, em uma rela??o de clara depend?ncia da natureza, pois dela adv?m muito do essencial para a manuten??o da vida. Com o passar do tempo e a paulatina atividade humana frente ? natureza, foram necess?rias medidas protetivas e reparadoras, assumidas por governos de todas as formas, que fossem garantidas ? sociedade e ? pr?pria estrutura natural, a continuidade de um equil?brio entre o homem e o meio. Foi ent?o quando leis come?aram a versar sobre essa rela??o, com temas de direito ambiental, normas jur?dicas que disciplinam o potencial de a??o humana na paisagem e demais condutas que podem ser observadas na realidade. Esta tese, pois, tem por objetivo estudar o ponto de encontro ou converg?ncias entre as normas ambientais e urbanas que atingem as cidades, sendo o recorte geogr?fico a cidade de Natal/RN e o recorte temporal a partir de 2007, data que marca o in?cio da vig?ncia do Plano Diretor de Natal, ainda em vigor. Busca-se analisar o Plano Diretor de Natal quanto a inclus?o, observ?ncia e efetiva aplica??o dos aspectos do equil?brio eco-s?cio-econ?mico nesta ferramenta. Para tanto se viu necess?rio um estudo que explicitasse os principais e contempor?neos conceitos de desenvolvimento sustent?vel e da sustentabilidade urbana, de maneira geral e especificamente em Natal/RN, analisando o seu plano diretor com a utiliza??o de elementos adaptados do delineamento metodol?gico de Avalia??o Ambiental Estrat?gica (AAE). A metodologia da pesquisa propriamente dita baseia-se, essencialmente, em um estudo qualitativo, cuja revis?o bibliogr?fica tem suporte na an?lise documental de fontes prim?rias e secund?rias e por fim, a aplica??o da metodologia de an?lise proposta que aborda diametralmente o foco dessa tese. Por resultado espera-se apresentar um diagn?stico ambiental sobre o instrumento plano diretor na capital, com um conjunto de an?lises pontuais focadas nas grandes e principais amea?as ao desenvolvimento urbano sustent?vel local. Esse conjunto de an?lises resume fatores passiveis de decis?o pela governan?a respons?vel na normatiza??o do uso do solo, ou que com isto se relacionem, elencando prioridades ou op??es estrat?gicas que vir?o disponibilizar elementos estrat?gicos para as mudan?as ou revis?es necess?rias no plano, sempre em busca do desenvolvimento urbano sustent?vel ou com equil?brio eco-s?cio-econ?mico. / Urban development of society determines different behaviors and modes of interaction of man with nature over time (MARQUES, 2010). The way of living and of occupying spaces accompanied this development, which has given rise to several new concepts and paradigms on the subject, also resulting in the break down and synthesis of ideas about man and his survival. From this perspective, the relationship between man and the environment has always been confrontational (DUARTE, 2011). This is said because, to occupy the spaces and develop their activities and social functions, the society needed to exploit the natural resources that the environment offered, often degrading it without noticing its interference, in a clear dependency relationship of nature, for it comes very essential for the maintenance of life. With the passage of time and the gradual human activity toward nature, needed is protective and remedial measures taken by governments of all forms, to guarantee to society and the natural structure the continuity of a balance between man and environment. That was when laws began to be about this relationship with issues of environmental law, legal rules governing the potential for human action in the landscape and other behaviors that can be observed in reality. This doctoral thesis, therefore, aims to study the meeting point or convergence between environmental and urban standards that reach the cities, with the geographical cut the city of Natal/RN and the time frame from 2007, which marks the beginning the term of the Master Plan of Natal, still in force. The aim is to analyze the Master Plan of Natal/RN as the inclusion, observance and effective application of aspects of the eco-socio-economic balance in this tool. For that, saw required a study to review the main and contemporary concepts of sustainable development and urban sustainability in general and specifically in Natal/RN, analyzing their master plan with the use of adapted elements of the methodological design of Strategic Environmental Assessment (AAE). The research methodology is based essentially on a qualitative study, whose literature review supports the documentary analysis of primary and secondary sources and finally the application of the proposed methodology diametrically addresses the focus of this thesis. By resulting, is expected to present an environmental diagnosis of the master plan in the capital instrument, with a set of specific analyzes focused on large and major threats to sustainable urban development. This set of analyzes summarizes insusceptible factors of decision with governance responsibility in the regulation of land use, or with it are connected, listing priorities and strategic options that will provide strategic elements for the changes or revisions necessary in the plan, always looking for development sustainable urban or eco-socio-economic balance.