Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The main objective of this thesis is to examine the theory of capitalism and its ontological foundations through the major works of Marx and Deleuze&amp / Guattari. In his monumental book called Capital, Karl Marx develops an account of capitalism based on his understanding of philosophy of which takes its roots from Hegel and Feuerbach. Additionally, English political economy and French socialism serve as reliable grounds for Marx&amp / #8217 / s analysis. In light of the writings of these historical precursors, Marx constitutes a profound critique of capitalist mode of production. On the other hand, Deleuze and Guattari, as the representatives of contemporary French philosophy, develop a different account of capitalism in their influential book called Anti-Oedipus. By relying upon Nietzsche, in Anti-Oedipus, Deleuze and Guattari examine capitalism in a non-dialectical manner. Despite the fact that they reject the major aspects of Marxian mode of thinking, they concentrate on the similar questions shared by Marx. The question of capitalism and its conception as an immanent system which reproduces itself by means of capital appears as the common problem that directs them to think analogously. In this respect, this thesis is an attempt to discover the points of ruptures and the points of continuities in two different account of capitalism.

Ce travail d’analyse s’intéresse à la construction des différents sujets dans les chroniques de l’écrivain chilien Pedro Lemebel. Suite à la dictature d’Augusto Pinochet et à l’implantation du néolibéralisme la société chilienne s’est profondément transformée. Le chroniqueur interroge ces mutations à partir des sujets participants à cette réalité, mais qui n’ont pas de véritable place dans les discours institutionnels, littéraires et artistiques. Ainsi, le lecteur fait la connaissance de travestis, de prostitués, d’homosexuels, d’enfants de la rue, de vagabonds, de fous, et de femmes des bidonvilles. Nous souhaitons démontrer comment se constituent ces subjectivités invisibles à partir de stratégies discursives qui mettent en évidence les processus de subjectivation imposés par le système économique, politique et social. En outre, la réflexion se porte sur les stratégies privilégiant la corporalité comme discours de résistance, voire de force politique. La recherche s’articule autour de trois axes de réflexion. Nous évoquons la question de la chronique comme l’espace textuel propice au travail sur les subjectivités. Nous abordons ensuite les pratiques d’assujettissement et de constitution vécues par les subjectivités situées à la marge de la société. Celles-ci font du désir et de la mémoire leurs principes fondamentaux. Enfin, nous étudions les diverses stratégies corpo-textuelles liées à la notion de nomadisme et de corps résistants. Ainsi, nous analysons le nomadisme identitaire, les métamorphoses corporelles, la prédominance du discours de la chair et les transformations de l’imaginaire à partir de la corporéité. Sur le plan théorique nous nous appuyons sur les travaux de Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari et Rosi Braidotti. / The objective of this study is to analyze the construction of various subjects in the chronicles of the Chilean writer Pedro Lemebel. The dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet and the implementation of neoliberalism have profoundly transformed Chilean society. The author retrieves these transformations from the subjects who participate in this reality, and who have no real place in the institutional, literary and artistic discourse. We meet cross-dressers, prostitutes, homosexuals, street children, vagabonds, mentally disturbed individuals, and women from the slums. We want to demonstrate how these invisible subjects represent the discursive strategies invoked to highlight the processes of subjection imposed by the economic, political and social system. Furthermore, how do these strategies emphasize corporeality as a means of resistance discourse or even possibly a political force? The research is based on three lines of thought. We discuss the questions of whether the author is the textual space most conducive to explore the individual subjects. We then address the mode of subjection and constitution by subjects (subjectivity) at the fringes of society. These groups have made desire and memory their fundamental principles. Finally, we study the various text strategies related to the concept of “nomadic theory” and “resistant body”. Thus, we analyze the notion of being nomadic as part of one’s identity, bodily metamorphosis, the dominance of the flesh and the transformation of the imaginary order issued from the corporeality. Theoretically, we take as reference the work of Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari and Rosi Braidotti

This thesis explores the creative function of the pseudonym Sara Sand, used by the author Stina Aronson for four literary works in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Två herrar blev nöjda (Two gentlemen were content), Fabeln om Valentin (The tale of Valentin), Tolv hav (Twelve oceans) and Syskonbädd (Siblingbed) are modernist and experimental works that I approach with an experimental way of reading. In order to emphasize what I find to be an inherent strive for freedom within these texts, I draw from Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattaris notion of desire as a productive force and their view of the text as a rhizomatic structure, as presented in Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980). The characters in Sara Sands writing are in constant movement and in continuous processes of becomings which challenges any kind of fixity, whether that be social structures and hegemonic discourses or simply the individual self.