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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-11-12T11:15:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vivaldo Gomes da Costa - 2015.pdf: 2069412 bytes, checksum: 8451333c0969ae734748f50c7e57e0f3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-11-12T11:16:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vivaldo Gomes da Costa - 2015.pdf: 2069412 bytes, checksum: 8451333c0969ae734748f50c7e57e0f3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-12T11:16:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vivaldo Gomes da Costa - 2015.pdf: 2069412 bytes, checksum: 8451333c0969ae734748f50c7e57e0f3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-12 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection still remains a challenge, due to cross-reactivity between serological tests and to traditional methods that capture IgM, which is a late marker of infection. However, NS1 antigen is an early marker. Accordingly, several studies have evaluated the performance of tests that utilize NS1 capture, but the results of individual studies may be limited due to the restricted sample size of the patients recruited. Therefore, our objective was to perform a meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of two commercial NS1 ELISAs (Panbio® and Platelia™). Methods and Results: Studies of interest were found in PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases using defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 30 studies containing 12.105 total enrolled patients were included. The overall estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio were as follows: 66% (95% confidence interval (CI) 61-71), 99% (95% CI 96 -100), 98 (95% CI 20-464) 0.3 (95% CI 0.2-0.4) and 289 (95% CI 59-1412), respectively, for Panbio®, and 74% (95% CI 63-82 ), 99% (95% CI 97-100), 175 (95% CI 28-1099), 0.3 (95% CI 0.2-0.4) and 663 (95% CI 98-4478), respectively, for Platelia™. The lowest sensitivity values were for secondary infections (57% [95% CI 47-67] and 66% [95% CI 53-77] for Panbio® and Platelia™, respectively) and for the detection of DENV4. Regarding clinical manifestations, the sensitivity of Platelia™ was 69% (95% CI 43-86) and 60% (95% CI 48-70) for fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity of both tests was slightly lower for samples from Southeast Asia and Oceania. Conclusion: DENV1 samples gave higher sensitivity results for both tests. We observed that factors negatively influencing the tests, such as the type of infection and viral serotype, require further investigation to optimize the diagnostic accuracy. / O diagnóstico das infecções pelo dengue vírus (DENV) continua um desafio, principalmente devido a ocorrência de reações cruzadas entre os testes sorológicos e devido aos tradicionais métodos para captura de IgM constituírem marcadores tardio da infecção. Todavia, o antígeno NS1 é um marcador precoce. Nesse contexto vários estudos tem avaliado a performance dos testes para a captura do NS1, porém os resultados dos estudos individuais podem ser limitados, por causa do restrito tamanho amostral dos pacientes recrutados. Portanto, nosso objetivo foi realizar uma meta-análise da acurácia diagnóstica de dois ensaios comerciais ELISA NS1 (Panbio® e Platelia™). Métodos e Resultados: Os estudos de interesse foram extraídos das bases de dados PubMed, Embase e Google Acadêmico, com definidos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Um total de 30 estudos, perfazendo 12.105 pacientes recrutados, foram incluídos na análise estatística. A estimativa global da sensibilidade, especificidade, razão de verossimilhança positiva e negativa, razão de chance diagnóstica foram: 66% (95% intervalo de confiança (CI) 61-71), 99% (95% CI 96-100), 98 (95% CI 20-464), 0.3 (95% CI 0.2-0.4) e 289 (95% CI 59-1412), respectivamente para o kit da Panbio®. Enquanto para o kit da Platelia™, os resultados obtidos foram, respectivamente: 74% (95% CI 63-82), 99% (95% CI 97-100), 175 (95% CI 28-1099), 0.3 (95% CI 0.2-0.4) e 663 (95% CI 98-4478). A menor performance dos testes ocorreram nas infecções secundárias e na detecção do DENV4. Quanto às formas clínicas da dengue, a sensibilidade do Platelia™ foi de 69% (95% CI 43-86) e 60% (95% CI 48-70), para a febre da dengue e febre hemorrágica, respetivamente. A sensibilidade de ambos os testes foram discretamente menores para as amostras provenientes da Ásia e Oceania. Conclusão: As amostras de DENV1 forneceram maior sensibilidade para ambos os testes. Observamos que os fatores influenciando negativamente os testes, tais como o tipo de infecção e o sorotipo viral necessitam de maiores investigações no intuito de melhor aperfeiçoamento da acurácia diagnóstica

Objective: 1) Systematic review on the accuracy of Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) identification in administrative databases; 2) Develop an administrative data algorithm to identify CRS patients who have endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Methods: A chart review was performed for all ESS surgical encounters at The Ottawa Hospital from 2011-12. Cases were defined as encounters in which ESS for performed for Otolaryngologist-diagnosed CRS. An algorithm to identify patients who underwent ESS for CRS was developed using diagnostic and procedural codes within health administrative data. This algorithm was internally validated. Results: Only three studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified in the systematic review and showed inaccurate CRS identification. The final algorithm using administrative and chart review data found that encounters having at least one CRS diagnostic code and one ESS procedural code had excellent accuracy for identifying ESS: sensitivity 96.0% sensitivity, specificity 100%, and positive predictive value 95.4%. Internal validation showed similar accuracy. Conclusion: Most published AD studies examining CRS do not consider the accuracy of case identification. We identified a simple algorithm based on administrative database codes accurately identified ESS-CRS encounters.

Aims: Noninvasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement with computed tomography (FFRCT) is a newly described method for assessing functional significance of coronary disease. The objective of this metaanalysis is to determine the diagnostic performance of FFRCTin the assessment of hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenosis. Methods: PubMed and the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 2000 through February 2015. Six original studies were found comparing FFRCTto invasive FFR in evaluating hemodynamic significance of coronary lesions (1354 vessels; 812 patients). Lesions were considered hemodynamically significant if invasive FFR was 0.80 or less. FFRCTused the same cutoff as invasive FFR to be considered as a positive test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. Results: One-third of the lesions (n=443) were hemodynamically significant. The pooled per-vessel analysis showed that the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio of FFRCTto diagnose hemodynamically significant coronary disease were 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI):0.80-0.87], 0.76 (95% CI: 0.73-0.79), 0.22 (95% CI: 0.17-0.29), 3.48 (95% CI: 2.21-5.47), and 16.82 (95% CI: 8.20-34.49), respectively. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that FFRCTresults correlate closely with invasive coronary angiography and FFR measurement. It is a feasible noninvasive method to assess hemodynamic significance of coronary lesions in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

The objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic performance of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) with and without computed tomography angiography (CTA) in assessment of hemodynamically significant coronary artery lesions in comparison to invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR). Materials and Methods PubMed and Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials from January 2010 searched through December 2014. Nine original studies were selected evaluating the diagnostic performance of CTP with and without CTA to invasive coronary angiography in evaluation of hemodynamic significance of coronary lesions (n = 951). Results The sensitivity, specificity, LR+ and LR- and DOR of CTA+CTP were 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI: 0.79-0.89)] 0.94 (CI: 0.91-0.97), 15.8 (CI: 7.99-31.39), 0.146 (CI: 0.08-0.26), and 147.2 (CI: 69.77-310.66). Summary Receiver Operating Characteristics (SROC) results showed area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 indicating that CTA+CTP may detect hemodynamically significant coronary artery lesions with high accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity, LR+ and LR- and DOR of CTP were 0.83 (CI: 0.78-0.87), 0.84 (CI: 0.80-0.87) 5.26 (CI: 2.93-9.43), 0.209 (CI: 0.12-0.36), and 31.97 (CI: 11.59-88.20). Conclusions This result suggests that CTP with CTA significantly improves diagnostic performance of coronary artery lesions compared to CTA alone and closely comparable with invasive FFR.

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No / Studies of diagnostic accuracy often report paired tests for sensitivity and specificity that can be pooled separately to produce summary estimates in a meta-analysis. This was done recently for a systematic review of radiographers' reporting accuracy of plain radiographs. The problem with pooling sensitivities and specificities separately is that it does not acknowledge any possible (negative) correlation between these two measures. A possible cause of this negative correlation is that different thresholds are used in studies to define abnormal and normal radiographs because of implicit variations in thresholds that occur when radiographers' report plain radiographs. A method that allows for the correlation that can exist between pairs of sensitivity and specificity within a study using a random effects approach is the bivariate model. When estimates of accuracy as a fixed-effects model were pooled separately, radiographers' reported plain radiographs in clinical practice at 93% (95% confidence interval (CI) 92-93%) sensitivity and 98% (95% CI 98-98%) specificity. The bivariate model produced the same summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity but with wider confidence intervals (93% (95% CI 91-95%) and 98% (95% CI 96-98%), respectively) that take into account the heterogeneity beyond chance between studies. This method also allowed us to calculate a 95% confidence ellipse around the mean values of sensitivity and specificity and a 95% prediction ellipse for individual values of sensitivity and specificity. The bivariate model is an improvement on pooling sensitivity and specificity separately when there is a threshold effect, and it is the preferred method of choice.

適度的壓縮醫療資源，可以讓醫療資源使用得更有效率，進而產生更好的醫療品質；然而過度的壓縮醫療資源，卻會造成醫療品質的惡化。 因為醫療資源和醫療品質有高度的正相關，充足資源的投入，能提昇醫療品質，但在現行保險計量支付(Fee for Service)的制度下，醫療院所常藉由每節門診病人看診人次的增加，來得到較高的獲利和報酬，這種對醫療資源的壓縮經營方式，會對醫療品質產生某些負面的影響。本研究利用簡單的醫師看診時間控制方式，可以清楚的看到在不同的時間壓縮之下，醫師的醫療行為對於醫療品質所產生的直接影響。 醫師對每個病人投入的時間，是無法由其它資源的投入所取代的，換句話說，醫師時間的投入是決定醫療品質的一個重要因素，可以做為醫療院所對門診投入的資源指標。疾病的正確診斷率相對於病人問卷和回診率高低應該是個比較有信度和效度之門診品質評量標準，所以在衡量醫療資源的投入如何影響醫療品質的評估上，本研究把醫師時間的投入做為醫療院所對門診投入的資源指標，而正確的診斷率（確診率）則作為衡量門診品質的標準。透過醫師看診時間控制的方式，分析ICD-9（The International Classification of disease, Ninth Revisione:國際疾病分類第九版）代碼的比對結果，可以正確反應醫師疾病認定和醫師診斷的差異程度，進而探討醫師時間投入和門診品質的關係。 / Objective: The quality of health care is directly proportional to physicians’ time input. The reduction of physician time per patient will affect outpatient diagnostic accuracy. Materials & Methods: This study was designed to detect the difference of group A (Control) & group B (Experiment) diagnostic accuracy in 4 specific time lengths by analyzing the difference in ICD-9 (The International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision) codes assigned by the physicians to each patient. A method was developed to control average physician time per patient using 8, 4, 2 and 1 minute average visit time intervals. This process was repeated in non-informed physicians (group C & group D) to access the difference between informed and non-informed physicians. Results: There are significant differences in diagnostic accuracies between the control and experimental groups with the variation of time length by Chi-Square (X=20.16, 23.89, p< 0.05). There are no significant differences in diagnostic accuracies between the four different times when informed and non-informed physicians are compared (Fishers Z = 0.467, 1.001, 1.072 and 1.054, p> 0.05) Conclusion: The length of physician time per patient interaction plays an important factor for determining the quality of outpatient care.

Les métastases hépatiques du cancer colorectal (MHCR) sont fréquentes et sont associées à une mortalité significative. Ces dernières décennies, des progrès thérapeutiques importants ont permis d'en améliorer le pronostic. Plus particulièrement, le rôle des résections hépatiques s'est considérablement élargi dans la maladie métastatique limitée au foie, conduisant à un changement radical dans la prise en charge. Ceci a naturellement eu des répercussions sur l'imagerie, qui doit être très performante au niveau lésionnel, nécessitant des sensibilité et spécificité très élevées. Si les techniques modernes ont permis une amélioration très nette en termes de sensibilité, en particulier grâce aux produits de contraste hépatospécifiques et de l'imagerie pondérée en diffusion, l'amélioration de la spécificité est moins claire et moins bien évaluée. Pourtant, la spécificité est tout aussi importante dans ce contexte, où les erreurs diagnostiques sont coûteuses, avec des chirurgies inutiles en cas de faux positifs, et des résections incomplètes en cas de faux négatifs. Ces deux situations sont accompagnées d'une morbi-mortalité très importante. Le présent travail de thèse va donc explorer de nouvelles pistes dont l'objectif ultime serait d'améliorer la spécificité de l'imagerie des MHCR. La première étude confronte l'apparence des métastases d'origine colorectale en IRM de haute résolution et leur histologie sous-jacente. Cette étude originale démontre que la fibrose tumorale apparait en hypersignal T2 et la nécrose tumorale en hyposignal T2 et hypersignal T1, ce qui va à l'encontre du dogme classique. La seconde étude explore la faisabilité de la fusion d'images IRM/échographie dans l'exploration de lésions hépatiques focales chez des patients ayant un cancer colorectal. Cette étude montre qu'un nombre significatif de lésions ne peuvent être visualisées à l'échographie qu'en utilisant la fusion, ouvrant la voie à une meilleure caractérisation lésionnelle en combinant les atouts de l'échographie et de l'IRM. Enfin, la troisième étude, complétée d'une revue iconographique, analyse le comportement IRM des lésions hépatiques après injection d'un produit de contraste intravasculaire. Elle montre une accumulation progressive du contraste au sein des angiomes, mais pas dans les métastases, conduisant à des apparences très différentes sur la phase tardive. Ceci était aussi observé dans les lésions de petites tailles, ce qui devrait permettre une meilleure spécificité dans les cas difficiles / Colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) are common and result in significant mortality. During the past decades, important therapeutic advances have improved the prognosis signficantly, especially through a marked expansion of the role of hepatic resections in liverlimited metastatic disease, leading to a radical change in management. This was naturally accompanied by an equally radical change in the imaging paradigm, now centered at the lesion level and not at the patient level, requiring very high sensitivity and specificity. While modern techniques have allowed a significant improvement in terms of sensitivity, especially through the use of hepatospecific contrast agents and diffusion imaging, the benefits in term of specificity are less clear, with only few studies focusing on and reporting the specificity of the techniques. However, specificity is equally important in this context, where diagnostic errors are costly, resulting either in unnecessary surgeries in case of false positives or in incomplete resections in case of false negatives. In this setting, our thesis will examine the results of three studies, which objective is to offer possible solutions to better understand the imaging of metastases and improve the specificity of liver imaging of CRCLM. The first study analyzes the association between high resolution MRI appearance of CRCLM and their underlying histology, showing that tumor fibrosis was in hypersignal on T2 Weighted Imaging while tumor necrosis was in hyposignal on T2 Weighted Imaging and hypersignal on T1 Weighted Imaging, which goes against the classical teaching about these lesions. The second study assesses the feasibility of using an MRI/Ultrasound fusion system in the exploration of liver lesions in patients with colorectal cancer. This study shows that more lesions were detected with ultrasound when using the fusion system, suggesting that a fusion system may allow a better characterization of lesions by combining the complementary information of MRI and ultrasound. Finally, the third study and its accompanying pictorial essay, explored the behavior of liver lesions after injection of an intravascular contrast agent. The main finding of this study was that hemangioma were accumulating the contrast over time while metastases were not, a key differentiating feature. This finding was found even in small lesions, often difficult to diagnose, suggesting that using such contrast in the exploration of liver lesions in patients with CRCLM would result in a higher specificity of the method

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 magdacristinaflaittsanchespiovesana_dissert.pdf: 1394131 bytes, checksum: c999c1d2fcb99fa0db69afa796196ce4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-03 / This study was realized in the Neurogeriatrics Clinic Base Hospital of Medicine Faculty in Sao Jose do Rio Preto. Objective: To study the diagnostic accuracy in Alzheimer's disease in patients treated with cholinesterase inhibitors available by Pharmacy of Exceptional Medicines and verify the impact of this therapy by the perception of families or caregivers. Methods: Cross-sectional study (prospective) the sample selection was random, in the period between May 2008 and February 2010. The certification of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease followed NINCDS-ADRDA, complemented by Scale Clinical Evaluation of Dementia (CDR), Scale for the Assessment of Disability in Dementia (DAD) and interviews with family and / or caregiver (structured questionnaire). Statistically used - to cross-frequency tables, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test and principal component analysis, a significance level of 5%. Results: Participants 106 patients, categorized into Group MC, when met criteria for AD and the DNMC when not fulfilled. In the MC Group was observed, higher age (mean 78anos), 85% of patients with MMSE lower than expected, worse performance on the DAD (median 25), according to the severity 37% were in the mild stage, 48% at moderate and 15% at severe stage, the treatment time was larger and in full doses of anticholinesterase. In the DNMC Group ages were younger (mean 74anos), 50% of patients with MMSE lower than expected, better performance in the DAD (median 75) with less treatment time and at subtherapeutic doses. In EQ, in relation to the memory of the MC Group all patients showed a deficit, 18% improved and 54% worsened; 13% in the DNMC Group showed no deficit, 48% improved and 13% xii worsened. In the assessment of temporal orientation in the MC group, 8% of the patients had no disorientation, 8% improved and 62% worsened, since the DNMC Group, 37% had no disorientation, 30% improved and 16% worsened. In Topographical orientation, in the patients in MC Group, 77% did not go out alone and in the DNMC Group 54% had no difficulty in orienting themselves. In the MC Group, 14 of the 15 neuropsychiatric symptoms were more often, only depression was higher in the DNMC. In carrying out activities of daily living, patients of MC Group worsened in all the items in relation to the DNMC Group. Conclusions: It was observed that 51% of patients using anticholinesterases did not meet criteria for the diagnosis of AD likely, older age was associated with the MC Group, which had downgraded MMSE, worse performance in DAD and in the QE. In Structured Questionnaire the patients of DNMC Group showed a different behavior, perhaps by having other diagnoses, presented better performance. / Estudo realizado no Ambulatório de Neurogeriatria do Hospital de Base da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto. Objetivos: Estudar a acurácia diagnóstica na Doença de Alzheimer nos pacientes em tratamento com anticolinesterásicos disponibilizados pela Farmácia de Medicamentos Excepcionais e verificar o impacto desta terapêutica pela percepção dos familiares ou cuidadores. Métodos: Estudo transversal (prospectivo); a seleção da amostra ocorreu de forma aleatória, no período compreendido entre maio de 2008 e fevereiro de 2010. A certificação do diagnóstico da Doença de Alzheimer obedeceu critérios do NINCDS-ADRDA, complementada pela Escala de Avaliação Clínica da Demência (CDR), Escala para Avaliação de Incapacidades na Demência (DAD) e entrevista com familiar e ou cuidador (Questionário estruturado). Estatisticamente utilizaram-se tabelas de frequências cruzadas, teste Qui-Quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, teste de Kruskal-Wallis, teste t e análise de componentes principais, nível de significância 5%. Resultados: Participaram 106 pacientes, categorizados em Grupo PC, quando preenchiam os critérios para DA e Grupo ÑPC quando não preenchiam. O Grupo PC constituiu-se de 52 pacientes e o Grupo ÑPC de 54 pacientes. No Grupo PC observou-se idade elevada (média 78anos), 85% dos pacientes com MEEM abaixo do esperado, desempenho pior na DAD (mediana 25); de acordo com a gravidade 37% estavam na fase leve, 48% na fase moderada e 15% na fase grave, o tempo de tratamento era maior e com doses plenas de anticolinesterásicos. No Grupo ÑPC as idades eram menores (média de 74anos), 50% dos pacientes com MEEM abaixo do esperado, desempenho x melhor na DAD (mediana 75), com menos tempo de tratamento e em doses subterapêuticas. No Questionário estruturado (QE), em relação à memória todos pacientes do Grupo PC apresentaram déficit, 18% melhoraram e 54% piorou e no Grupo ÑPC 13% não apresentaram déficit, 48% melhoraram e 13% piorou. Na avaliação da orientação temporal no Grupo PC, 8% dos pacientes não apresentaram desorientação, 8% melhoraram e 62% pioraram, já no Grupo ÑPC, 37% não apresentavam, 30% melhoraram e 16% pioraram. Na orientação topográfica, nos pacientes do Grupo PC, 77% não saíam sozinhos e no Grupo ÑPC 54% não apresentavam dificuldade em orientar-se. No Grupo PC, 14 dos 15 sintomas neuropsiquiátricos apresentavam maior freqüência; apenas depressão foi maior no Grupo ÑPC. No desempenho das Atividades de Vida Diária, os pacientes do Grupo PC pioraram em todos os itens em relação ao Grupo ÑPC. Conclusões: Foi observado que 51% dos pacientes que utilizavam anticolinesterásicos não preencheram os critérios para o diagnóstico de DA provável, idade elevada foi associada ao Grupo PC, que apresentou MEEM rebaixado, desempenho pior na DAD e no QE. No Questionário Estruturado os pacientes do Grupo ÑPC mostraram um comportamento diferente, talvez por ter outros diagnósticos, apresentaram desempenho melhor.