Habilitationsschrift--Heidelberg, 1965. / Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 703-725).

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1985.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Kiel, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. xiii-xxxiii).

A distinctive field in the coatings industry is the coating of porous media, with broad applications in paper, apparel, textile, electronics, bioengineering, filtration and energy sector. A primary industrial scale process that can be used to coat porous media in a fast and flexible manner is slot die extrusion. A major concern when coating porous media with a wetting fluid is fluid penetration into the substrate. Although some level of penetration is desirable to obtain specific material properties, inadequate or excessive fluid penetration can negatively affect the strength, functionality or performance of the resulting material. In spite of its apparent industrial importance, limited modeling and experimental work has been conducted to study fluid penetration into porous media during fabrication. The effects of processing parameters on the penetration depth, the effects of penetration on material quality, and the method to predict and control the penetration depth are not well understood. This dissertation is composed of two parts. Part I is an applied study for coating onto porous media. This part focuses on the first objective of this dissertation which is to elucidate clearly the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of the direct coating method as a potential fabrication route for membrane electrode assembly (MEA). MEA samples are fabricated using both traditional and the direct coating methods. Then, the quality and performance of the MEA samples are examined. Experimental results in Part I demonstrate that it is feasible to fabricate MEAs using the direct coating method. However, Nafion® solution penetrates into the catalyst layer during the coating process and causes lower performance of fuel cells, which is the motivation for Part II of this thesis. The objective of Part II is to fundamentally understand the fluid penetration process and predict the penetration depth when directly coating porous media, using a comprehensive approach. A series of computational and analytical models are developed to predict the penetration depth for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids with or without capillary pressure. Finally the accuracy of developed models are validated through experiments. The relative error between the predicted and experimentally measured penetration depth is generally lower than 20%.

The main objective of this research is to efficiently enable 3D die-stacked memory and heterogeneous memory systems. 3D die-stacking is an emerging technology that allows for large amounts of in-package high-bandwidth memory storage. Die-stacked memory has the potential to provide extraordinary performance and energy benefits for computing environments, from data-intensive to mobile computing. However, incorporating die-stacked memory into computing environments requires innovations across the system stack from hardware and software. This dissertation presents several architectural innovations to practically deploy die-stacked memory into a variety of computing systems. First, this dissertation proposes using die-stacked DRAM as a hardware-managed cache in a practical and efficient way. The proposed DRAM cache architecture employs two novel techniques: hit-miss speculation and self-balancing dispatch. The proposed techniques virtually eliminate the hardware overhead of maintaining a multi-megabytes SRAM structure, when scaling to gigabytes of stacked DRAM caches, and improve overall memory bandwidth utilization. Second, this dissertation proposes a DRAM cache organization that provides a high level of reliability for die-stacked DRAM caches in a cost-effective manner. The proposed DRAM cache uses error-correcting code (ECCs), strong checksums (CRCs), and dirty data duplication to detect and correct a wide range of stacked DRAM failures—from traditional bit errors to large-scale row, column, bank, and channel failures—within the constraints of commodity, non-ECC DRAM stacks. With only a modest performance degradation compared to a DRAM cache with no ECC support, the proposed organization can correct all single-bit failures, and 99.9993% of all row, column, and bank failures. Third, this dissertation proposes architectural mechanisms to use large, fast, on-chip memory structures as part of memory (PoM) seamlessly through the hardware. The proposed design achieves the performance benefit of on-chip memory caches without sacrificing a large fraction of total memory capacity to serve as a cache. To achieve this, PoM implements the ability to dynamically remap regions of memory based on their access patterns and expected performance benefits. Lastly, this dissertation explores a new usage model for die-stacked DRAM involving a hybrid of caching and virtual memory support. In the common case where system’s physical memory is not over-committed, die-stacked DRAM operates as a cache to provide performance and energy benefits to the system. However, when the workload’s active memory demands exceed the capacity of the physical memory, the proposed scheme dynamically converts the stacked DRAM cache into a fast swap device to avoid the otherwise grievous performance penalty of swapping to disk.

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the enemy concept (das Feindbild) in the political language (die SED-Sprache) using a Critical Discourse Analysis methodology, in order to understand how the enemy concept was used in the political communication by the rulers in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). This linguistic study is focused on argumentation strategies, what kind of pragmatic implications and allusions that was used and how actors and events were characterized. The political rhetoric, an important power tool, has been investigated in the daily newspaper Neues Deutschland, which was controlled by the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). Three important events in the history of the GDR have been studied: the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961, the expatriation of the black-listed poet Wolf Biermann in 1976 and the strike actions in Poland in 1980. The analytical methods developed by Ruth Wodak et al. have been used in this study. Mainly three different enemy concepts have been identified: The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), an external enemy, is accused of robbing the GDR of its citizens and having threatened to attack the GDR and to start a civil war (Bürgerkrieg). The decision by the GDR to build the Wall was therefore an act of keeping the peace in Europe and protecting the nation (antifaschistischer Schutzwall). The enemies are described with pejorative attributes like headhunters (Kopfjäger) and warmongers (Kriegstreiber). It has also been investigated how the rhetoric was changed 25 years after the building of the Wall. Wolf Biermann’s protests are described as attacks (Angriffe) by an inside enemy (Klassenfeind) and he allegedly took part in an anti-communist propaganda initiated by the FRG. The expatriation is supported by a great amount of letters to the editor of Neues Deutschland and many of these letters are also supporting a stricter political attitude towards the role of the artists in a socialistic society, initiated by the government. The communication of the strike actions in Poland is more cautious – a strike by workers was officially not possible in a socialistic society. At the beginning of the protests, it is communicated that anti-communist enemies (antikommunistische Kräfte) must be the force behind these activities – but this enemy concept is later changed after an agreement is reached between the workers and the government of Poland. The study has shown that a sophisticated, target oriented, diversified rhetoric from several perspectives can be found behind the enemy concept in the investigated texts. The argumentation strategies are supported by a multitude of rhetorical means.

This document was created to provide a new edition of Hugo Distler's Es ist ein Ros' entsprungen variations from Die Weihnachtsgeschichte, op. 10. Through my experiences with this work as a singer and a conductor it has become clear that, although the work was written for modest forces and was intended for practical use within a church service, the work's practicality is compromised due to a number of factors. Several editions of the variations exist, but all pose problems to modern choral ensembles. These problems include: lack of uniform barlines, which makes conducting the work difficult since Distler writes simultaneously contrasting meters throughout Die Weihnacthsgeschichte; omission of the surrounding texts for dramatic context; an antiquated German font that is difficult to read; English translations which obscure literal meaning and Distler's careful text-painting; and lack of a piano reduction. I demonstrate that it is possible to create a new edition of Distler's Es ist ein Ros' entsprungen variations that is more accessible to modern choral ensembles while respecting the composer's stylistic and dramatic intent. This edition (1) retains Distler's original meters but makes them easier to read by regularizing the barring; (2) includes other texts from the Weinachtsgeschichte to provide context for the variation texts; (3) is printed in a more legible modern font; (4) preserves the original German language but also provides English translations for the texts to make it easier for non-German speakers to understand meaning and recognize text-painting; and (5) includes a piano reduction of the vocal parts. The methodology I have used in the editorial process is provided and examples are discussed. I also provide suggestions for rehearsal procedures to help preserve the composer's stylistic intent. My completed new edition has been included for perusal.

No description available.

Currently, there is a high demand for lightweight aerospace materials, driven by the desire to provide enhanced fuel efficiency by reducing vehicular weight. Aluminum alloys are attractive due to their excellent mechanical properties and high strength to weight ratios. Powder metallurgy (PM), which converts metal powder into a high performance product, presents an alternative to traditional forming techniques, which are often unable to provide adequate dimensional tolerances. The challenge is to determine if aluminum PM alloys and technologies can be successfully employed within aerospace applications. This research focuses on the PM processing technologies (die compaction, cold isostatic pressing (CIP), and spark plasma sintering (SPS)) of two alloys, PM2024 and PM7075. Processing parameters were assessed using attributes such as density, hardness, and tensile properties. Both powders showed comparable densities and tensile properties to their wrought equivalents. Ultimately, the groundwork was laid for future research into these alloys and their processing methods.

Atsakomybė už tarptautinės teisės nedraudžiamus veiksmus suprantama kaip valstybių pareiga kompensuoti padarytą materialią žalą, vykdant rizikingą veiklą, kurios nedraudžia tarptautinė teisė. Tarptautinės objektyviosios atsakomybės normos yra specialios, jos turi apibrėžtą veikimo sferą tokiuose tarptautinės teisės posakiuose kaip tarptautinė kosmoso teisė, tarptautinė jūrų teisė, tarptautinė atominė teisė, kuriuose tarptautinė atsakomybė, susijusi su padidinto pavojaus šaltinių veikimu, gali būti numatyta tarptautinėse sutartyse. Labiausiai reglamentuota valstybių atsakomybė už tarptautinės teisės nedraudžiamus veiksmus yra kosmoso teisėje, kur numatoma absoliuti vykdančios kosminę operaciją valstybės atsakomybė už padarytą žalą. Kitose minėtose sutartyse numatoma tik dalinė (valstybės atsakingos už žalos atlyginimo ar prevencijos mechanizmo sukūrimą ar pan.), o žalą privalo atlyginti „teršėjas“ (privatus subjektas, užsiimantis padidinto pavojaus veikla). Apskritai autorė daro išvadą, kad šioje srityje trūksta privalomų tarptautinės teisės šaltinių-ji yra nepakankamai reglamentuota. / -. / Verantwortung für die Handlung, die in der internationalen Recht nicht verboten, aber gefährlich ist, ist die staatliche Pflicht die Materialischaden bezahlen. Diese Verantwortung ist am meisten in der Kosmosrecht, wo absolute Verantwortung der Staat, die kosmische Operation verwirkliche, reglamentiert. Im allgemeinen aber Staaten anerkennen die Pflicht in der rechtliche Handlung gemachte Schaden nicht.