Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt sich zum Ziel, das Problem der sprachlichen Wertung in zeitgenössischen journalistischen Rezensionen literarischer Neuerscheinungen zu untersuchen. Im Mittelpunkt des Interesses stehen die Fragen: Nach welchen Wertkriterien wird Literatur bewertet und mit welchem Vokabular bzw. welchen Wörtern und Metaphern? Dabei soll innerhalb der Wertkriterien nicht nochmals nach Bewertungsaspekten der bewerteten Literatur, wie z.B. Aufbau, Inhalt, Darstellung, unterschieden werden. Das Textkorpus setzt sich zusammen aus 263 Rezensionen der FAZ, der SZ und der ZEIT aus dem Jahr 1988, einschließlich der Literaturbeilagen im Frühjahr, Herbst und Winter. 101 Rezensionen stammen aus der FAZ, 98 aus der SZ und 64 aus der ZEIT, darunter 95 Rezensionen zu Romanen, 117 zu Erzählungen, Kurzprosa, Novellen, Briefen, 30 zu Lyrikbänden, 14 zu Aphorismen und Fragmenten, drei zu Lyrik- bzw. Prosabänden mit Bildern, drei zu Parodien und Sprachspielereien und eine zu einem Drama.

Le groupe Montupet est un spécialiste de la conception et de la production de pièces de fonderie en aluminium usinées pour l’automobile. Les moules métalliques utilisés pour la réalisation de culasses automobiles en aluminium sont protégés par un revêtement appelé le poteyage. La principale fonction du revêtement de poteyage est de protéger l’outillage en acier de la corrosion chimique de l’alliage. Du fait de ses propriétés thermiques, une autre fonction du poteyage est la modulation des échanges thermiques entre le moule et la pièce en cours de solidification dont dépend fortement la microstructure finale de l’alliage. Le procédé utilisé aujourd’hui pour l’application du poteyage sur les parois du moule en acier consiste à projeter manuellement une barbotine au moyen d’un pistolet. Ce procédé ne permet pas d’obtenir la répétabilité des caractéristiques des couches déposées nécessaire au contrôle des gradients de solidification locaux. De plus, les outillages actuels souffrent de l’insuffisance de la protection du poteyage, ce qui conduit à une usure prématurée ayant un coût important et conduisant à des diminutions du rendement de l’outil industriel. Dans le cadre du projet PROOF de robotisation de l’étape de poteyage, les objectifs suivants ont été fixés. Il s’agit de mieux définir ce que devraient être les propriétés physicochimiques du poteyage. L’objectif à long terme est de réaliser une rupture technologique par l’application d’un revêtement permanent ou de longue durée de vie. Dans un premier temps, ces travaux présentent une caractérisation complète de la nature physico-chimique des suspensions des poteyages utilisés actuellement ainsi que l’étude de leur comportement en pulvérisation. Dans un second temps, après que des revêtements aient été produits par projection plasma sous air (APS), il est apparu nécessaire de comparer leurs propriétés thermiques à celles des revêtements de poteyage. Des valeurs de diffusivité thermiques ont été mesurées, les valeurs de conductivités thermiques des revêtements étudiés ont ensuite été calculées puis confirmées expérimentalement. La dernière partie de ces travaux s’attache à présenter les outils mis en place en usine afin de tester les revêtements créés par projection plasma et de vérifier leur adéquation (thermique et chimique notamment) avec la coulée de pièces en alliage d’aluminium. Ces essais en conditions réelles ou semi-réelles permettent la comparaison de l’efficacité de tous les revêtements étudiés. / Montupet is specialized in the manufacture of aluminium foundry components for the automotive industry. The metallic molds used for aluminium cylinder heads are protected by a specific coating called die coating. The main objective of this die coating is to protect the steel tool from chemical corrosion of the liquid alloy. Because of its thermal properties, another of its aims is the adjustment of the thermal exchanges between the mold and the solidifying aluminium, which strongly affects the final microstructure of the alloy. The process used nowadays to coat the die coating on the steel mold walls consists in spraying manually a suspension. However, this process does not allow to obtain reproducible characteristics of the coated layers necessary to control the local solidification gradients. Furthermore, the current tools suffer from the inadequate protection of the die coating, which leads to premature wear resulting in important costs and a decrease of the efficiency of the industrial tool. In the frame of the PROOF project, aiming in the automatisation of the die coating projection, several objectives were set: better know what should be the physico-chemical properties of the die coating and realize a technological jump by creating a long-life or even permanent coating. Firstly, this work shows a complete characterization of the physico-chemical state of the suspensions used nowadays as well as the study of their behavior during spraying. Then, once the coatings were produced by Air Plasma Spraying (APS), it appeared necessary to compare their thermal properties to the ones measured on the die coatings. Hence, thermal diffusivity values have been measured. Afterwards thermal conductivity of the studied coatings have been calculated and finally experimentally checked. Eventually, this work shows the tools developed within the company in order to test the plasma coatings and to check their thermal and chemical compatibility to the process of aluminium casting. These trials in real or semi-real conditions allow the efficiency comparison of the whole studied coatings.

Representations of the reasons and actions of terrorists have appeared in German literature tracing back to the age of Sturm und Drang of the 18th century, most notably in Heinrich von Kleist's Michael Kohlhaas and Friedrich Schiller's Die Räuber, and more recently since the radical actions of the Red Army Faction during the late 1960s and early 1970s, such as in Uli Edel's film, The Baader Meinhof Complex. By referring to Walter Benjamin's system of natural law and positive law, which provides definitions of differing codes of ethics with relation to state laws and personal ethics, one should be able to understand that Michael Kohlhaas, Karl Moor, and the members of the RAF are indeed represented as terrorists. However, their actions and motives are not without an internal ethics, which conflicts with that of their respective state-sanctioned authorities. This thesis reveals the similarities and differences in motives, methods, and use of violence in Schiller, Kleist, and representations of the RAF and explores how the turn to terrorism can arise from a logical realization that ideologies of state law do not align with the personal sense of justice and law of the individual.

Thesis. 1975. Sc.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / Sc.D.

Diese Examensarbeit untersucht die Intertextualität und die Hintergrundinformation des Theateressays die Schutzbefohlenen von Elfriede Jelinek. Es werden dabei aktuelle Ereignisse untersucht und die von Jelinek angegebenen Intertexte.

Esse trabalho propõe a investigação da geometria dos contornos internos de eixos vazados para aerogeradores quando aplicados mandris com diferentes diâmetros ao longo de seu comprimento no forjamento incremental em matriz aberta. Tem-se por finalidade a fabricação de um mandril que proporcione à peça forjada formato mais perto do formato final proposto. Foram estudados através do uso de simulações numéricas computacionais com o software Simufact.forming 12 e ensaios com o material modelo plasticina possíveis geometrias de mandris, variando a angulação na região de troca de diâmetros ao longo do comprimento entre 0˚, 30˚ e 60˚, e analisados o comportamento do escoamento do material na região. Com o processo simulatório concluído, foi produzido o mandril que apresentou melhor desempenho e foram realizados testes práticos. No total, duas peças foram forjadas e analisados seus resultados. A geometria proposta da peça foi alcançada, confirmando a escolha da cinemática do processo. A temperatura do mandril foi aferida e comparada com a temperatura durante a simulação, onde no último passe, a medida foi 720°C e a simulada em torno de 620°C. As forças de forjamento apresentaram diferença entre a simulação e forjado na média de 7,6%. / This work proposes the investigation of the internal contour of hollow shafts for wind turbines when applied mandrels with different diameters along its length in incremental open-die forging. It is intended to manufacture a mandrel to provide a forged part closer to the final proposed geometry. Studies were conducted using the numerical computer simulations software Simufact.forming 12 and models of plasticine aiming possible mandrel geometries, varying the angle of the different-diameters region along the length between 0˚, 30˚ and 60˚ and analyzed the behavior of the material flow in the region. As the simulation process was concluded, the mandrel with the best performance was produced and practical tests were performed. In total, two workpieces were forged and analyzed its results. The proposed geometry was achieved, confirming the choice of process kinematics. The temperature of the mandrel was measured and compared with the temperature during the simulation at the last pass, the measurement resulted in 720°C and the simulated around 620°C. The forging forces showed differences between simulation and forging of an average of 7.6%.

Modern main memory is primarily built using dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips. As DRAM chip scales to higher density, there are mainly three problems that impede DRAM scalability and performance improvement. First, DRAM refresh overhead grows from negligible to severe, which limits DRAM scalability and causes performance degradation. Second, although memory capacity has increased dramatically in past decade, memory bandwidth has not kept pace with CPU performance scaling, which has led to the memory wall problem. Third, DRAM dissipates considerable power and has been reported to account for as much as 40% of the total system energy and this problem exacerbates as DRAM scales up. To address these problems, 1) we propose Rank-level Piggyback Caching (RPC) to alleviate DRAM refresh overhead by servicing memory requests and refresh operations in parallel; 2) we propose a high performance and bandwidth efficient approach, called SELF, to breaking the memory bandwidth wall by exploiting die-stacked DRAM as a part of memory; 3) we propose a cost-effective and energy-efficient architecture for hybrid memory systems composed of high bandwidth memory (HBM) and phase change memory (PCM), called Dual Role HBM (DR-HBM). In DR-HBM, hot pages are tracked at a cost-effective way and migrated to the HBM to improve performance, while cold pages are stored at the PCM to save energy.

In the fall of 1987, several areas of Florida Bay were severely affected by the sudden die-off of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig (turtle grass). Although the cause is still unknown, several factors were suggested as influencing the on-set of the die-off event including increased salinity, light stress due to self-shading, and disease. Blades of seagrass plants found in the area of die-off were infected by Labyrinthula sp, a pathogenic protist. A similar die-off occurred in another species of seagrass, Zostera marina, in the 1930s that was attributed to the pathogenic protist, Labyrinthula zosterae. Zostera marina produces inhibitory phenolic acids in response to infection by L. zosterae, a response that is diminished in plants exposed to low light and high temperature. This study examined the differences in phenolic content of healthy and infected T. testudinum leaf blades in laboratory cultures to determine if T. testudinum produces a chemical defense against pathogens similar to that of Z. marina. The possible increased susceptibility of turtle grass to Labyrinthula sp. infection under high salinity and low light was also examined. In culture, infection by Labyrinthula sp. induced a rapid, short-term production of total phenolics in Thalassia testudinum under normal, non-stressed conditions. The initial induction was followed by a sharp decline. The production of individual phenolic acids was not induced by infection. In contrast, the production of caffeic acid was inhibited by infection. Environmental stress (low salinity and low light) caused a decrease in both total phenolics and several phenolic acids. Levels of PHBA, vanillic acid, and caffeic acid decreased in low salinity (25ppt) treatments, and caffeic acid decreased in response to low light stress. There was an interaction between stress and infection that resulted in higher levels of phenolics in plants exposed to infection and stress compared to those exposed to stress alone. In culture, plants did not survive exposure to high salinity (45ppt) similar to that found in Florida Bay during the die-off event

This thesis documents a PhD research program undertaken at Swinburne University of Technology between the years 2000 and 2004. The research was funded by the Cooperative Research Centre for Cast Metals Manufacturing and was undertaken in collaboration with Nissan Casting Plant Australia Pty Ltd and the Ford Motor Company Australia Limited. This thesis reports on the investigation of the possibility of using an ultrasonic sensing-based, non-destructive testing system to detect gas porosity defects in aluminium die casting parts with rough surfaces. The initial intention was to develop a procedure to obtain ultrasonic signals with the maximum possible amplitude from defects within the rough surface areas of the castings. A further intention was to identify defects with the application of a suitable signal processing technique to the raw ultrasonic signal. The literature review has indicated that ultrasonic techniques have the potential to be used to detect subsurface defects in castings. The possibility of classifying very weak ultrasonic signals obtained from rough surface sections of castings through a neural network approach was also mentioned in the literature. An extensive search of the literature has indicated that ultrasonic sensing techniques have not been successfully used to detect sub-surface defects in aluminium die castings with rough surfaces. Ultrasonic inspection of castings is difficult due to the influence of microstructural variations, surface roughness and the complex shape of castings. The design of the experimental set-up used is also critical in developing a proper inspection procedure. The experimental set-up of an A-scan ultrasonic inspection rig used in the research is described in this thesis. Calibration of the apparatus used in the inspection rig was carried out to ensure the reliability and repeatability of the results. This thesis describes the procedure used to determine a suitable frequency range for the inspection of CA313 aluminium alloy castings and detecting porosity defects while accommodating material variations within the part. The results obtained from ultrasonic immersion testing indicated that focused probes operating at frequencies between 5 MHz and 10 MHz are best suited for the inspection of castings with surface roughness Ra values varying between 50 [micro milli] and 100 [micro milli]. For the purpose of validating the proposed inspection methodology, gas porosity defects were simulated through side-drilled holes in the in-gate section of selected sample castings. Castings with actual porosity defects were also used in this research. One of the conclusions of this research was that it was extremely difficult to detect defects in castings with surface roughness above 125 [micro milli]. Once the ultrasonic signal data was obtained from the sample aluminium die castings with different surface roughness values ranging from 5 [micro milli] to 150 [micro milli] signal analysis was carried out. Signal feature extraction was achieved using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Wavelet Transforms (WT) prior to passing the ultrasonic signals into a neural network for defect classification. MATLAB tools were used for neural network and signal pre-processing analysis. The results indicated that poor classification (less than 75%) was achieved with the WT, PCA and combination of FFT/PCA and WT/PCA pre-processing techniques for rough surface signals. However, the classification of the signals pre-processed with the combination of WT/FFT, FFT/WT and FFT/WT/PCA classifiers provided much better classification of more than 90% for smooth surface signals and 78% to 84% for rough surface signals. The results obtained from ultrasonic testing of castings with both real and simulated defects were validated with X-ray analysis of the sample castings. The results obtained from this research encourage deeper investigation of the detection and characterisation of sub-surface defects in castings at the as-cast stage. Implications for the industrial application of these findings are discussed and directions for further research presented in this thesis.

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